11

NFPA 70ENFPA 70EElectrical Safety StandardElectrical Safety Standard

- Get prepared, set the record straight, be “up front”

> Most of you will resist, few will appreciate

> Huge change (For you, burden rate, admin)

> Won’t want to hear or see

> Not trying to harass you, make uncomfortable (Hot!)

> Arc Flash, not our only safety concern

> Your safety & our compliance (Thankful & Grateful?)

22

Standards InteractionStandards Interaction

OSHA 29 CFR 1910 SUBPART S

NFPA 70-ENational Electric Code

IEEE Std 1584-2002

NFPA-70

(Institute of Electrical & Electronics Engineers)

33

44

CD_Opening_2.flv

CD_Opening_2.flv

55

Standards InteractionStandards Interaction

From NFPA 70E Handbook, 2004 Edition, p17 (Explanatory Commentary)“Fire, shock, and electrocution have been considered to be electrical hazards for many years. Since the publication of NFPA 70E, 1995 edition, arc flash has been considered to be an electrical hazard. The arc flash hazard currently is defined to consider only the thermal aspects of an arcing fault. Other hazards include flying parts and pieces and the pressure wave that is generated in an arcing fault. Other electrical hazards also might be associated with an arcing fault.”

66

History of Electrical SafetyHistory of Electrical Safety

77

History of Electrical Safety

NECA = National Electrical Contractors Association

IBEW = International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers

88

NFPA 70E LabelsNFPA 70E Labels

99

may7_clip2_edit2.flv

1010

History of Electrical SafetyHistory of Electrical Safety

1111

Regulatory RequirementRegulatory Requirement• Per OSHA Rule Per OSHA Rule andand NFPA 70E : NFPA 70E :

DO NOT WORK ON EQUIPMENT HOTDO NOT WORK ON EQUIPMENT HOT (Maintenance or Repair)(Maintenance or Repair)

Equipment must be put in an Equipment must be put in an electrically safe work condition prior electrically safe work condition prior to maintenance.to maintenance.

1212

It’s The LawIt’s The Law

But. . .But. . .• We must test live circuits before repairs are We must test live circuits before repairs are

done.done.

• Even after Lock Out / Tag Out, we must verify Even after Lock Out / Tag Out, we must verify the absence of voltage – “not dead until tested the absence of voltage – “not dead until tested dead”. dead”.

• During this process, a worker could be exposed During this process, a worker could be exposed to electrical hazards.to electrical hazards.

• Troubleshooting work requires that the power Troubleshooting work requires that the power be left on.be left on.

1313

Necessary LoopholeNecessary Loophole

Because of this there are two exceptions to Because of this there are two exceptions to “THE RULE”.“THE RULE”.

1.1. Where de-energizing would introduce increased or Where de-energizing would introduce increased or additional hazards.additional hazards.

2.2. Where killing power is “infeasible” due to equipment Where killing power is “infeasible” due to equipment design or operational limitations (like voltage testing).design or operational limitations (like voltage testing).

-1910. 333 (a) (1), Subpart S-1910. 333 (a) (1), Subpart S

1414

NFPA 70 E StandardNFPA 70 E Standard1.1. Safety –Related Work PracticesSafety –Related Work Practices

Hazard Analyses for shock and flashHazard Analyses for shock and flash Approach boundariesApproach boundaries Personal Protective EquipmentPersonal Protective Equipment TrainingTraining

2.2. Safety-Related Maintenance RequirementsSafety-Related Maintenance Requirements Maintaining electrical components, wiring, equipment in a Maintaining electrical components, wiring, equipment in a

safe conditionsafe condition3.3. Safety Requirements for Special EquipmentSafety Requirements for Special Equipment

Batteries, Lasers and power electronic equipBatteries, Lasers and power electronic equip4.4. Installation Safety RequirementsInstallation Safety Requirements

Truncated version of NECTruncated version of NEC Not to be used in lieu of NECNot to be used in lieu of NEC

Major Work Practice Requirements

1515

NFPA 70E - RequirementsNFPA 70E - Requirements

Electrical Safety Program ElementsElectrical Safety Program Elements Awareness training for employees who work on Awareness training for employees who work on

or near exposed energized electrical or near exposed energized electrical conductorsconductors

Inspection/evaluation of electrical equipmentInspection/evaluation of electrical equipment Identify hazards – hazard/risk evaluation prior Identify hazards – hazard/risk evaluation prior

to work on or near live parts operating at 50 to work on or near live parts operating at 50 volts or more or where an electrical hazard volts or more or where an electrical hazard existsexists

Conduct an Electrical Hazard AnalysisConduct an Electrical Hazard Analysis(For everyone, de-energized work)

1616

Electrical Safety Program Elements – Con’tElectrical Safety Program Elements – Con’t Develop procedures for jobsDevelop procedures for jobs

Work permits - procedures for working on or Work permits - procedures for working on or near live parts near live parts >> 50 volts or where an 50 volts or where an electrical hazard exists before work is started.electrical hazard exists before work is started.

Protect employees from shock, burn, Protect employees from shock, burn, blast, and other hazardsblast, and other hazards

Use electrically rated toolsUse electrically rated tools Perform a job briefing prior to each jobPerform a job briefing prior to each job Perform AuditsPerform Audits

Troubleshooting Exemption

Working it hot (Maintenance & Repair)

1717

NFPA 70E - RequirementsNFPA 70E - Requirements

Safety Training – Safety Training – Classroom or on-the-job or a combination Classroom or on-the-job or a combination

depending on the risk to the employeedepending on the risk to the employee Emergency procedures - for employees Emergency procedures - for employees

working on or near exposed energized working on or near exposed energized electrical conductors or circuit parts:electrical conductors or circuit parts:

Methods of release of victims from contact with Methods of release of victims from contact with exposed energized conductors or circuit partsexposed energized conductors or circuit parts

First Aid, resuscitation, etc.First Aid, resuscitation, etc.

Working it hot (Maintenance & Repair)

1818

NFPA 70E - RequirementsNFPA 70E - Requirements Qualified Person – shall be trained and knowledgeable of the Qualified Person – shall be trained and knowledgeable of the

construction and operation of equipment or a specific work construction and operation of equipment or a specific work method and trained to recognize and avoid the electrical method and trained to recognize and avoid the electrical hazards that might be present with respect to that hazards that might be present with respect to that equipment or work method.equipment or work method.

Only Qualified Persons are authorized Only Qualified Persons are authorized to work on or near live partsto work on or near live parts

(For everyone, de-energized work)

1919

Creating an NFPA 70E Creating an NFPA 70E Compliant ProgramCompliant Program

Develop Electrical Safety ProgramDevelop Electrical Safety Program Written electrical safety procedure Written electrical safety procedure

Safe work practicesSafe work practices Training requirements PPE Training requirements PPE

requirements requirements Conduct Shock and Flash Conduct Shock and Flash Hazard Analyses on all electrical equipment to Hazard Analyses on all electrical equipment to determine appropriate levels of protectiondetermine appropriate levels of protection

Train and outfit all affected personnelTrain and outfit all affected personnel

Where do we go from here ?

2020

Start With a Hazard Risk AnalysisStart With a Hazard Risk Analysis

Hazard/Risk Analysis is a decision making process:Hazard/Risk Analysis is a decision making process:

• Evaluate equipment and circuit Evaluate equipment and circuit information to determine the degree information to determine the degree and extent of hazardsand extent of hazards

• Determine “Determine “ShockShock Approach BoundariesApproach Boundaries”” • Determine Determine ““Flash Protection BoundaryFlash Protection Boundary”” • Determine Determine “Incident Energy Exposure”“Incident Energy Exposure” • Determine appropriate Personal Determine appropriate Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE)Protective Equipment (PPE)

Must perform Shock and Flash Hazard Analyses when working “on or near” energized parts (within Limited Approach Boundary).

2121

Shock Hazard AnalysisShock Hazard Analysis Protects against Protects against ContactContact with energized equipment with energized equipment Use highest voltage level of exposureUse highest voltage level of exposure Boundary distance based solely on voltageBoundary distance based solely on voltage Boundaries drawn from table in standard – no calcs Boundaries drawn from table in standard – no calcs

necessary:necessary: LimitedLimited – a safe approach boundary. Only – a safe approach boundary. Only

qualified employees and escorted unqualified qualified employees and escorted unqualified employees may crossemployees may cross

RestrictedRestricted – Only qualified employees may – Only qualified employees may cross. When working within this boundary, cross. When working within this boundary, must use special precautionary techniques and must use special precautionary techniques and PPEPPE

ProhibitedProhibited – Only qualified employees protected – Only qualified employees protected by insulating materialsby insulating materials

2222

FLASH BOUNDARIESFLASH BOUNDARIES

Limited Shock Boundary: Qualified or Unqualified Persons** Only if accompanied by Qualified Person

Prohibited Shock Boundary: Qualified Persons Only. PPE asif direct contact with live part

Restricted Shock Boundary: Qualified Persons Only

Note: shock boundaries dependent on system voltage level

Flash Protection Boundary (FPB)Must wear appropriate PPEFPB dependent on fault level and time duration.

Flash Protection Boundary (FPB)Must wear appropriate PPEFPB dependent on fault level and time duration.

Eq

uip

men

t

2323

Approach BoundariesApproach Boundaries

Restricted Approach Boundary

Condition

Nominal System Voltage Range, Phase to Phase

Exposed Movable

Conductor

Exposed Fixed Circuit Part

Includes Inadvertent Movement

Adder

Prohibited Approach Boundary

1 0 to 50 Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified Not Specified2 51 to 300 10 ft. 0 in. 3 ft. 6 in. Avoid Contact Avoid Contact3 301 to 750 10 ft. 0 in. 3 ft. 6 in. 1 ft. 0 in. 0 ft. 1 in.4 751 to 15kV 10 ft. 0 in. 5 ft. 0 in. 2 ft. 2 in. 0 ft. 7 in.5 15.1kV to 36kV 10 ft. 0 in. 6 ft. 0 in. 2 ft. 7 in. 0 ft. 10 in.

Limited Approach Boundary

1. “Limited” Boundary - Must be Qualified Person

2. “Restricted” Boundary - Must wear Electrical PPE

3. “Prohibited” Boundary - Must wear PPE as if direct contact is being made.

Working with Control Panel door open – in Restricted Approach Boundary

2424

Arc Flash BoundaryArc Flash Boundary

To protect from thermal burn due to arc flashTo protect from thermal burn due to arc flash Electrical systems 600V or less:Electrical systems 600V or less:

4 feet, or4 feet, or The calculated distance based on established The calculated distance based on established

algorithmsalgorithms Electrical systems over 600V:Electrical systems over 600V:

Boundary based on incident energy as Boundary based on incident energy as calculated or as given in default tables in calculated or as given in default tables in StandardStandard

Work within the Flash Boundary will require electrical PPE to protect the employee from arc flash injury

(Good rule of thumb is 10 feet)

2525

Flash Hazard AnalysisFlash Hazard Analysis Designed to prevent injury from the heat Designed to prevent injury from the heat

generated in an arc event – not contact generated in an arc event – not contact A Flash Hazard Analysis Shall Determine:A Flash Hazard Analysis Shall Determine:

Flash BoundaryFlash Boundary Approach boundary from exposed energized parts within Approach boundary from exposed energized parts within

which a person without proper PPE could receive beyond a which a person without proper PPE could receive beyond a 22ndnd degree burn degree burn

Incident heat energy of possible arc flash based on:Incident heat energy of possible arc flash based on: Available fault currentAvailable fault current Fault clearing timeFault clearing time Distance from exposed equipmentDistance from exposed equipment Directional dissipation of energy (arc-in-the-box scenarios)Directional dissipation of energy (arc-in-the-box scenarios)

PPE Requirements within the Flash BoundaryPPE Requirements within the Flash Boundary

2626

Arc Flash HazardsArc Flash Hazards

Electric arcs produce some of the highest temperatures Electric arcs produce some of the highest temperatures

known to occur on earth – up to 35,000known to occur on earth – up to 35,000 00 degrees degrees

Fahrenheit. This is four times the surface temperature of Fahrenheit. This is four times the surface temperature of

the sun (the sun (9000 9000 0 0 FF))

All known materials are vaporized at this temperature. All known materials are vaporized at this temperature. When materials vaporize they expand in volume (Copper When materials vaporize they expand in volume (Copper – 67,000 times, Water–1670 times). The air blast can – 67,000 times, Water–1670 times). The air blast can spread molten metal to great distances with force.spread molten metal to great distances with force.

Rapidly expanding gases, extreme pressure and sound Rapidly expanding gases, extreme pressure and sound waves, molten metal and metal plasma.waves, molten metal and metal plasma.

2727

Arc Flash HazardsArc Flash Hazards

Pressure: Blast pressure waves have thrown Pressure: Blast pressure waves have thrown workers across rooms and knocked them off workers across rooms and knocked them off ladders. Pressure on the chest can be ladders. Pressure on the chest can be higher than 2000 lbs/ sq. ft. – blows clothing higher than 2000 lbs/ sq. ft. – blows clothing off body.off body.

Clothing can be ignited several feet away. Clothing can be ignited several feet away. Clothed areas can be burned more severely Clothed areas can be burned more severely than exposed skin.than exposed skin.

Hearing loss from sound blast. The sound Hearing loss from sound blast. The sound can have a magnitude as high as 140 dB at can have a magnitude as high as 140 dB at a distance of 2 feet from the arc.a distance of 2 feet from the arc.

Sound Pressure ie. Mechanical pressureSound Pressure ie. Mechanical pressure

IHOH Safety & Health Training / IHOH Safety & Health Training / EducationEducation 2828

2929

Arc Flash CausesArc Flash Causes

Dust and impuritiesDust and impurities - Dust and impurities on insulating surfaces - Dust and impurities on insulating surfaces can provide a path for current, allowing it to flashover and can provide a path for current, allowing it to flashover and create arc discharge across the surface. create arc discharge across the surface.

CorrosionCorrosion - Corrosion of equipment creates impurities on - Corrosion of equipment creates impurities on insulating surfaces. Corrosion also weakens the contact insulating surfaces. Corrosion also weakens the contact between conductor terminals, increasing the contact between conductor terminals, increasing the contact resistance through oxidation or other contamination. Heat is resistance through oxidation or other contamination. Heat is generated on the contacts; sparks may be produced; can lead generated on the contacts; sparks may be produced; can lead to arcing faults closest ground source.to arcing faults closest ground source.

Condensation - Condensation - water vapor can drip causing tracking on the water vapor can drip causing tracking on the surface of insulating materials. Can create a flashover to surface of insulating materials. Can create a flashover to ground.ground.

Spark discharge – Spark discharge – Accidental contact; dropping toolsAccidental contact; dropping tools Overvoltage across narrow gapsOvervoltage across narrow gaps Failure of insulating materialsFailure of insulating materials Improper work proceduresImproper work procedures

3030

Arc Flash in Our EquipmentArc Flash in Our Equipment

Don’t have to be Don’t have to be “working on”“working on” a circuit for an arc flash to a circuit for an arc flash to occur. Accidental contact is the most common cause of arc occur. Accidental contact is the most common cause of arc flash events.flash events.

For a low voltage system (480 V), a 3 to 4-inch arc can For a low voltage system (480 V), a 3 to 4-inch arc can become “stabilized” and persist for an extended period of become “stabilized” and persist for an extended period of time if circuit does not operate.time if circuit does not operate.

Energy released is a function of system voltage, fault Energy released is a function of system voltage, fault current magnitude and fault duration.current magnitude and fault duration.

Arcs in enclosures, such as a Motor Control Center (MCC) or Arcs in enclosures, such as a Motor Control Center (MCC) or panel board, magnify blast and energy transmitted as the panel board, magnify blast and energy transmitted as the blast is forced to the open side of the enclosure and toward blast is forced to the open side of the enclosure and toward the worker (Arc-in-the-Box).the worker (Arc-in-the-Box).

3131

Small arc – burn to hand

Medium arc – burn to hand, arm and chest

Severe arc – whole body burns

Ionization cloud barely visible

Clearly visible ionized gas

Exploding plasma of gases and vaporized

metal

Arc Flash in a PanelboardArc Flash in a Panelboard

3232

10 minute break

Brief video clip of arc flash

in switchgearFive to Ten Arc Flash Explosions occur in electric equipment every day in the U.S

(Based on statistics compiled by Cap Schell, Inc., a Chicago based research and consulting firm that specializes in preventing workplace injuries and death)

Bureau of Labor Statistics data for 1994 show 11,153 cases of reported days away from work were due to electrical burns, electrocution / electrical shock injuries, fires and explosions.

The Census of Fatal Injuries noted 548 employees died from the causes of electrical current exposure, fires and explosions out of 6,588 work related fatalities nationwide.

3333

Flash Hazard AnalysisFlash Hazard Analysis Determines the Flash Protection BoundaryDetermines the Flash Protection Boundary Determines the required PPEDetermines the required PPE 2 Methods available:2 Methods available:

1.1. Can use Default Tables in the NFPA 70E StandardCan use Default Tables in the NFPA 70E Standard Classifies work tasks in a specific Hazard Risk Classifies work tasks in a specific Hazard Risk

Category (HRC)Category (HRC) Specifies required PPE as a function of HRCSpecifies required PPE as a function of HRC1.1. Can calculate the incident energy to employees if a Can calculate the incident energy to employees if a

fault occurred. Can then specify the required PPE fault occurred. Can then specify the required PPE based on predicted hazard level.based on predicted hazard level.

We compared default tables to calculated values:

• Used conservative, but reasonably expected input parameters

• Used 2 different calculation models (took highest values)

• Found calculated values to be less than default tables

3434

Example From Default TableExample From Default Table

• Voltage-rated gloves• Voltage-rated tools• Doubled-layered switching hood and hearing protection• Untreated natural fiber: T-shirt & Long pants• FR Clothing: Long –sleeve shirt, Pants, Coveralls• FR Protective Equipment: Hard hat, safety glasses, leather gloves, leather work shoes

(Note there are footnotes altering above due to fault current levels and duration. And there are some substitutions permitted.)

Page 55, Table 3-3.9.1/ Page 59,Table 3-3.9.2600 V Class MCC - Work on energized parts including voltage testing - What is required?

If You Use the Method #1 Flash Hazard Analysis – NFPA 70E Default Tables:

Columbia Customer

3535

Example From Default Table, ContinuedExample From Default Table, Continued

3636

Incident Energy & Calories

“Incident Energy- The amount of energy impressed on a surface, a certain distance from the source, generated during an electrical arc event. One of the units usedto measure incident energy is calories per centimeter squared ( cal/cm )

The definition of incident energy was added to provide clarity for the user.Incident energy could be expressed in several different terms, such ascalories per centimeter, joules per square centimeter, or calories persquare inch. However, incident energy must be expressed in the sameterms in which the PPE is thermally rated, which usually is calories persquare centimeter.”

- From NFPA 70E Handbook, 2004 Edition, p. 22 (Text & Explanatory Commentary)

2

(Cigarette lighter produces about 1 cal/cm-sq)

3737

From NFPA 70E Default TablesFrom NFPA 70E Default Tables

Risk Category

Min. Arc Rating of

PPE PPE Requirements - NFPA-70E 2004

0 0-2 cal/cm2 Untreated Cotton; leather gloves; safety glasses

1 2-4 cal/cm2 FR shirt and pants (or jeans); rubber gloves; safety glasses; hard hat

2 4-8 cal/cm2 FR shirt and pants (or jeans); rubber gloves; safety glasses; hard hat; arc face shield

3 8-25 cal/cm2 FR shirt and pants; rubber gloves; safety glasses; hard hat; arc hood; arc jacket

4 25-40 cal/cm2 FR shirt and pants; rubber gloves; safety glasses; hard hat; arc hood; multi-layer flash suit

From: NFPA 70E Default Tables

Troubleshooting a 480 V panel is listed in default tables as Hazard Category 2 work.

3838

Work Tasks ImpactedWork Tasks Impacted

Primarily Troubleshooting, Start-Up and Power Primarily Troubleshooting, Start-Up and Power Down ProceduresDown Procedures

Main Disconnect OperationMain Disconnect Operation Circuit Breaker OperationCircuit Breaker Operation Contactor OperationContactor Operation Voltage and Amp ReadingsVoltage and Amp Readings

Control circuitryControl circuitry Power circuitryPower circuitry Etc..Etc..

3939

Flash Hazard ThresholdFlash Hazard Threshold

Second Degree Burn Threshold1.2 cal/cm2

Note: medical treatment may still be required if bare skin is exposed to this level of flash - full recovery to be expected.

Must protect employees from the onset

of 2nd degree burn

4040

PPE SelectionPPE SelectionFrom 70E TableFrom 70E Table

For Most Service and Maintenance Work

Limited work on 2300V and 4160V

Synthetic fibers, such as polyester, nylon, acetate, rayon, either alone or in blends are not permitted – they melt at low temperatures, adhere

to the skin and increase the extent of injury.

Voltage Clothing Gloves Other PPESafety GlassesHard Hat (if needed)

Safety GlassesClass E Hard Hat with 8 Cal. ATPV Face Shield

2300-4160 Volts

Safety Glasses

Class E Hard Hat with 8 Cal. ATPV Face Shield

Class 1 Insulated Rubber Gloves w/ Leather Protectors

50 - 120 Volts 100% long-sleeve cotton shirt and pants

Leather Gloves (Class 00 if possibility of contact)

121 - 600 Volts 100% long-sleeve cotton or FR shirt and pants

Class 00 or 0 Insulated Rubber Gloves w/ Leather Protectors

FR shirt and pants or FR Coveralls - 9.4 ounce Indura Ultra Soft (or equivalent)

For outdoor work, outer layer must be natural fiber or FR

4141

100% Cotton vs. FR Clothing100% Cotton vs. FR Clothing

One Major Exception to the 100% Cotton Rule for 480 One Major Exception to the 100% Cotton Rule for 480 Volt work:Volt work:

When working on (e.g. Voltage testing) the line side terminal When working on (e.g. Voltage testing) the line side terminal of a main disconnect at a large industrial customer, of a main disconnect at a large industrial customer, wear FR clothing as the outer layer instead of 100% wear FR clothing as the outer layer instead of 100% cotton.cotton.

This is due to the uncertainty of available fault currents and clearing times with on-site substation transformers and 600

Amp class circuit breakers.

As a result, many Company locations are just buying FR shirts/pants for all electrical work

4242

100% Cotton vs. FR Clothing100% Cotton vs. FR Clothing

100% cotton will catch on fire & burn, but won’t melt to the burn making burn worse

FR will not support combustion, that is, it won’t catch on fire and continue to burn

Tech was seated

cross legged,

brazing slag

‘popped out’

stayed on

pant leg

FR, HRC 2 pants,

(white sheet of paper

Inside pant leg)

4343

Arc Hazards Below 240 Arc Hazards Below 240 VoltsVolts

Rubber gloves and face shield needed in Rubber gloves and face shield needed in the 120 - 240 volt range because the 120 - 240 volt range because significant arc hazards may exist such as:significant arc hazards may exist such as:

3 Phase, 208 V power circuits supplying equipment in 3 Phase, 208 V power circuits supplying equipment in older installations.older installations.

Old building infrastructures may not have converted to Old building infrastructures may not have converted to 480 V systems.480 V systems.

Become familiar with the facility electrical distribution system to fully evaluate the level of hazard.

4444

Electrical PPE Electrical PPE RequirementsRequirements

Electrical PPE (rubber gloves, hard hat / arc face shield, Electrical PPE (rubber gloves, hard hat / arc face shield, cotton or FR clothing) is cotton or FR clothing) is requiredrequired for troubleshooting, for troubleshooting, applying LOTO and testing dead. After that,applying LOTO and testing dead. After that,

1.1. The line side terminal of the disconnecting device The line side terminal of the disconnecting device may still may still be energizedbe energized..

2.2. According to this standard, if you are According to this standard, if you are “exposed”“exposed” to to energized parts, electrical PPE is still required.energized parts, electrical PPE is still required.

““Exposed”Exposed” means being within the Limited Approach means being within the Limited Approach Boundary, which is 1 ft, for circuits 120 – 480 V.Boundary, which is 1 ft, for circuits 120 – 480 V.

3.3. You can eliminate You can eliminate “exposure”“exposure” and remove the PPE if you and remove the PPE if you can can “Insulate”“Insulate” or or “Isolate”“Isolate” yourself from the energized yourself from the energized parts.parts.

4.4. InsulateInsulate by placing an insulating material over the part. by placing an insulating material over the part.5.5. IsolateIsolate by placing a rigid barrier over the part to prevent by placing a rigid barrier over the part to prevent

contact, or ensure your body and all conductive tools contact, or ensure your body and all conductive tools remain > 1 ft. away.remain > 1 ft. away.

PPE requirements based on your distance from “Exposed Energized Parts”, not the equipment you’re working on

4545

Amperage Testing

4646

Voltage Testing

4747

480 Volt Fused Disconnect Switch

4848

Current-Limiting Fuse(handout, page 5, question 2)

4949

Current-Limiting Fuse

5050

Current-Limiting FusingCurrent-Limiting Fusing

5151

4160 Volt Starter Cabinet

5252

High Voltage Fuse

5353

Electrical Safety ProcedureElectrical Safety Procedure

Customized for HVAC Service and Customized for HVAC Service and Contracting Business:Contracting Business:

Work ProceduresWork Procedures Electrical PPEElectrical PPE Protective ClothingProtective Clothing TrainingTraining

5454

Electrical Safety ProcedureElectrical Safety Procedure1.1. Work Procedures:Lockout/Tagout whenever Work Procedures:Lockout/Tagout whenever

possible – Cardinal Rulepossible – Cardinal Rule Approach Boundaries - Based on voltageApproach Boundaries - Based on voltage Use of non-conductive tools, materials, equipmentUse of non-conductive tools, materials, equipment Insulated tools and equipmentInsulated tools and equipment Test Instruments and equipmentTest Instruments and equipment Protective Shielding EquipmentProtective Shielding Equipment Portable LaddersPortable Ladders Safety InterlocksSafety Interlocks Use of GFCIsUse of GFCIs

5555

Electrical Safety ProcedureElectrical Safety Procedure

2.2. Electrical PPEElectrical PPE Required when working within the Required when working within the

Limited Approach BoundaryLimited Approach Boundary Flash Hazard Analysis dictates what Flash Hazard Analysis dictates what

must be wornmust be worn Can use NFPA 70E default tables, orCan use NFPA 70E default tables, or Can perform customized analysisCan perform customized analysis

Includes Hand; Head and Face; Whole Includes Hand; Head and Face; Whole Body protectionBody protection

5656

Electrical Safety TrainingElectrical Safety Training

Electrical Safety Training Broken Electrical Safety Training Broken Down into 4 Modules:Down into 4 Modules:

1.1. Awareness Level Awareness Level

2.2. Basic ElectricityBasic Electricity

3.3. Low Voltage Practices (50-600 V)Low Voltage Practices (50-600 V)

4.4. High Voltage Practices ( > 600 V)High Voltage Practices ( > 600 V)

5757

Electrical Safety PPEElectrical Safety PPE

5858

PPE EnsemblesPPE Ensembles

Hazard Risk Category 0

Hazard Risk Category 1

Hazard Risk Category 2

Hazard Risk Category 3

Hazard Risk Category 4

5959

Qualified Person TrainingQualified Person Training

Basic RequirementsBasic Requirements1.1. Must have knowledge of construction and operation of equipment Must have knowledge of construction and operation of equipment

and specific work methods to recognize and avoid electrical hazards and specific work methods to recognize and avoid electrical hazards while performing work.while performing work.

2.2. Must be familiar with the precautionary techniques, PPE, insulating Must be familiar with the precautionary techniques, PPE, insulating and shielding materials, insulated tools and test equipment.and shielding materials, insulated tools and test equipment.

Specific RequirementsSpecific Requirements1.1. Able to distinguish exposed energized parts from other partsAble to distinguish exposed energized parts from other parts2.2. Able to determine nominal voltage of exposed live partsAble to determine nominal voltage of exposed live parts3.3. Approach distances and corresponding voltages in the StandardApproach distances and corresponding voltages in the Standard4.4. Determine degree of hazard and appropriate PPEDetermine degree of hazard and appropriate PPE

Required by OSHA (via Sec. 5a1) and NFPA 70E

Training can be either classroom, on-the-job, or a combination. OJT requires direct supervision by a Qualified Person.

Supplemental Training Needs

6060

Laredo, TX 6/05

2 Contract Electricians in arc flash event

3rd deg burns; clothing ignited; victims survived

6161

Focus On Engineering and Focus On Engineering and Admin ControlsAdmin Controls

OSHA 1910. 335 “Safeguards for personnel protection”OSHA 1910. 335 “Safeguards for personnel protection”

((a) (2) (ii)a) (2) (ii)

“ “Protective shields, protective barriers, or Protective shields, protective barriers, or insulating materials shall be used to protect each insulating materials shall be used to protect each employee from shock, burns, or electrically related employee from shock, burns, or electrically related injuries while that employee is working near injuries while that employee is working near exposed energized parts which might be exposed energized parts which might be accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric accidentally contacted or where dangerous electric heating or arcing might occur. When normally heating or arcing might occur. When normally enclosed live parts are exposed for maintenance or enclosed live parts are exposed for maintenance or repair, they shall be guarded to protect unqualified repair, they shall be guarded to protect unqualified persons from contact with the live part.” persons from contact with the live part.”

6262

Thank You – Questions??