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Index
802.11. See IEEE 802.11standard
AAbstract Architecture
Specification defined,FIPA 571
Abstract classes, UML 180Abstract User Interface Markup
Language (AUIML) 367accessKey attribute defined 292–293ACL Specifications defined,
FIPA 573Active transactions
asynchronous 20and CLDC 47defined 19overview 18–22, 723–725Pull mechanisms and 727, 728and SMS 725synchronous 20WAP and 80
Activity diagrams, UMLdefined 162elements in 214, 215–220events and signals 200and GUI development 372–376overview 213–222UI validation, modeling 375VUIs, representing 441
Actorsfunction of 165human 379
inheritance of properties,building 171
system 379Add command defined, SyncML 666Addresses, representing
information collecting 374SAX parsing 108WSDL 115XML 106, 107, 120
ADVcharts, hypermediaextensions for 509–510
Agencies defined 564Agent Authority defined, MASIF 569Agent Interaction Protocol
diagrams, UMLextensions for 575mobile agent interactions,
modeling 586overview 575
Agent Location defined, MASIF 569Agent Management Specification
defined, FIPA 571–572Agent Name defined, MASIF 569Agent System defined, MASIF 569Agent System Type defined,
MASIF 569Agent technologies. See Mobile
Agent platformsAgentUML (AUML) 574–577Agent Wrapper Class code 598Aglets, Java
architecture 591code, sample 592–593
835
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Aglets, Java (cont.)defined 589, 590–592and MASIF 591tools 592
Alert command defined, SyncML 667alert element defined 293Amplitude defined 401–402Amplitude modulation defined 617Analysis Model defined 377, 378,
379AndroMDA Project url 159Anomaly Detection Systems 746Apache Cocoon. See CocoonAPIs. See Application
Programming Interfaces(APIs)
Applets defined, Java 589–590Application Layer security
described 736Application Programming
Interfaces (APIs)high-level
and programminglanguages 430
speech and call controlwith 431–432
Java Speech 433–434Nuance Speech Object 432portability and 434vendor-based 432–433VUIs, building 429, 438–447
Applications. See Softwareapplications
Application Service ProviderRegion defined 583
AppLoader, BREW 57Architectures. See also individual
applications by nameclient-server 777–779defined 25, 774designing 774mainframe 775–777mobile applications 25–26, 773–775,
786–787multimodal 550N-tier 779–783patterns defined 26practical considerations 785properties and evaluation of 550–551
ArgoUML 101
ARM compiler, BREW 56Assisted GPS (A-GPS) described 679Asymmetric channels defined 251Atomic command defined,
SyncML 667Atomic interaction
defined 253, 254, 381, 443representing with stereotypes 443
Atomic modality defined 504Attributes defined, CC/PP 134Attribute visibility, specifying 172Augmenting processes defined,
XML Pipeline 124AUML. See AgentUML (AUML)
BBandwidth
connectivity and 617fraudulent use of 742Push based technologies,
requirements 734theft 745
Base64 Encoded Binary Datadata type defined, XMLSchema 121
Batteries, limited and mobilecomputing 14–15
Becomes stereotype and objectrelationships 184
Behavioral view, UML 184Bidirectional text module
defined, XHTML 352Billing information, collecting 320Binary Run-time Environment
for Wireless (BREW)applications, building/
deploying 57–63AppLoader 57architecture 61ARM compiler 56databases and 60Device Configurator 56Emulator 56Grinder 57and hardware 63Image Authoring tool 56Image Converter 56MIF Editor 56mobile agent capabilities of 566and multimodality 531
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overview 55, 501platform functionality 35, 37Pure Voice converter 57Resource Editor 57SDK 55–57security 746sound functionality 60and synchronization 662telephony API (TAPI) 60TestSig Generator and
AppSigner 57and UIMS functionality 314unit testing 58
BindingSOAP 113WSDL 115
Black box testing 797–798Bluetooth
architecture 627–628devices, states of 628and LANs 629overview 625–630security in 742–743specification 626synchronization profile 662,
663, 671–672Boolean data type defined, XML
Schema 121Boundaries, modeling 380BREW. See Binary Run-time
Environment forWireless (BREW)
Broadcasting defined, UML 201BrowserUA defined, UAProf 141button control defined 302
CCall Control Extensible Markup
Language (CCXML)documents, modeling 474, 475overview 122, 467SMIL and 495state machines and CCXML
containers 468syntax tags 469–473and UML 468–475user interfaces to 475VXML applications,
controlling 474Capabilities Entity defined 730
caption element defined 292–293Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) 486–495CC/PP. See Composite
Capabilities/PreferencesProfiles (CC/PP)
CCXML. See Call ControlExtensible MarkupLanguage (CCXML)
CDC. See Connected DeviceConfiguration (CDC)
CDMA. See Code DivisionMultiple Access (CDMA)
CDPD. See Cellular DigitalPacket Data (CDPD)
Cellular Digital Packet Data(CDPD) 633–634
Cellular wirelesscommunicationdescribed 618–619
Channelsspatial properties of 251–252temporal properties of 251
charset defined, CC/PP 135charWidth defined, CC/PP 135choices tag defined 297class attribute defined 292Class diagrams, UML
defined 49, 131, 162forms and 285, 286JSGF grammars 424and JSR-179 707and location information 690, 712purpose of 171Sync4J 671and user interfaces 262Wisdom extensions 379–380and XML document structure 149
Classesdefining 172–179vs. grammars 421–422methods, defining 172naming 171–172service independent 645
Class ID and applications,identifying 58
Classifiers defined, UML 161CLDC. See Connected Limited
Device Configuration(CLDC)
Client-agent-server overview 561
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838 Index
Client-Profile defined, CC/PP 136, 137Client-server and mobile agent
hybrids 560–561Client-side image map module
defined, XHTML 352Client-side validation 301Cocoon
applications, building 90–96architecture 84–85content, transforming 91, 95generators 86installing and using 85and multimodality 537–539overview 83–84, 88, 536–537pipelining system in 125publishing framework 82serializers 87sitemap 87–88transformers 86and UIMS functionality 314
Codebase defined, MASIF 569Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA) 634–635Code mobility, types of 558Coding standards and testing 795–796Collaboration diagrams, UML.
See also Interactiondiagrams, UML
artifacts 194–196defined 162iterations, modeling 197for mapping service 200messages, displaying 186and mobile agent applications 583and object relationships 185overview 193–198and synchronization 675
Collaborations 198–200,564
Color defined, CC/PP 135Commands
defined, SyncML 666and interactions 257
Common Gateway Interfaces(CGIs) 780–781
Communication Infrastructuredefined, MASIF 569
Communication satellites andmobile communications 6
Component diagrams, UMLartifacts of 227defined 49, 163overview 222–226
Componentschaining of 780defined 134, 161, 224managing 280–283merging defined 141placement, specifying 285rdf:ID attribute defined 141rdf:type attribute defined 141requirements of 225specializing 279and stereotypes 226
Composite Capabilities/Preferences Profiles(CC/PP)
attributes 134charset 135charWidth 135Client-Profile 136, 137client profiles 135, 136color 135components 134data types, simple 136deviceIdentifier 135implementing 139overview 133–137pix-x 135pix-y 135private information,
delivering 139–140profiles 133–134, 136Proxy Profile 136, 138RDF vocabulary 134Request Profile 136schema 135security and P3P 139
Composite interaction defined 253,254
Composite modality defined 504Composite states 203,
211Concurrent property string,
function of 179Configuration diagrams, UML 507Conflicts and data replication/
synchronization 656
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Index 839
Connected DeviceConfiguration (CDC) 50–51
Connected Limited DeviceConfiguration (CLDC)
active transactions and 47API overview 42–43class file verification in 41device capabilities, limited 46features of 38–42internationalization,
providing 41I/O functionality, providing 41location awareness 46mobility, dimensions of 46–47networking capabilities,
providing 41platform proliferation and 47profiles defined 41–42QOS, network and 46security sandbox 41serialization 592
Connectivityfunctionality and bandwidth
requirements 617to networks 5software applications,
stationary and 12types of 615wireless and QOS 620–622
Connector stereotype defined,UML 372
Constraints defined, UML 181Constructive processes defined,
XML Pipeline 124Content
generating 111multimodal 513specializing 336transforming 91, 95
Content Entity defined 730Context-aware computing
defined 273, 282, 499Contexts
domain independent 273extrinsic defined 274intrinsic defined 274and location information 709–711Mobile Agent platforms and 604overview 270
specifying 274structural defined 275taxonomy
by domain 272–274by structural positioning 275by temporal positioning 276
and user interfacecomponents 273
Continuous receivers defined 680Control Entity defined 730Control messages defined 255–256Controls classes defined 380Cooperative User Interfaces
Markup Language(CUIML) 528–530
Coordinated Decoupling ofModalities 550
Copy command defined,SyncML 667
Copy stereotype and objectrelationships 184
CPU, limited and mobilecomputing 12–14
CSS. See Cascading Style Sheets(CSS)
CUIML. See Cooperative UserInterfaces MarkupLanguage (CUIML)
DDatabases
BREW 60and client-server architectures 778N-tier architectures 779–783and Windows CE 69–70
Data defined, XML, 145. See alsoReplication;Synchronization, of data
Datagloves as user interface 250Data Link Layer security
described 737Datastore defined, SyncML 665Data types
Base64 Encoded Binary Data 121Boolean 121complex 121defined, UML 161defining in XML Schema 120numeric 120
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840 Index
Data types (cont.)simple 121, 136string 120URI 121
Date data type defined, XMLSchema 120
Delete command defined,SyncML 667
Deployment diagrams, UMLdefined 163electricians application 812overview 226–228
Deployment View defined, UML 160Deserialization defined, MASIF
569–571Design Model defined 377Design View defined, UML 160Device capabilities 46, 79, 390Device Configurator, BREW 56deviceIdentifier defined, CC/PP 135Device Info defined, SyncML 665Device motion as user interface 250Device storage, limited and
mobile computing 12–14DFKI Multimodal Architecture
overview 549Diagrams. See individual diagram
by nameDialogue Management for
Multimodality, Sharma 547Dialogue Model defined 377, 382Dialogues
form based 265, 268grammars and 411mixed initiative
defined 266, 409and sequence diagrams 268–270in user interfaces 261–262
model defined 377, 382natural language
defined 266, 408–409sequence diagrams in 268–270
and state diagrams 445types of 265, 408
Differential GPS (DGPS)described 679
Digital Earth project 721Direct Combination defined 396Directed dialogue defined 408Direct Manipulation defined 396
Discovery JINI service defined 52Distribution, customized and
channel availability 248Domain defined 272Domain Model defined 377DOM parsing, XML 106–108, 109Driving directions application
multi-channel systemrequirements 263
retrieving 265–266use cases 263, 758
Dynamic diagrams defined,UML 161
Dynamic meta-modeling defined 510
EEDGE described 639–640Edit module defined, XHTML 352EEMA. See Extensible
Multimodal AnnotationMarkup Language(EMMA)
Electricians applicationdeployment diagram 812design 812–815implementation 815–818mobile use cases 811overview 806presentation diagram 816requirements 806–812XForms document 817
Electromagnetic waves andmodulation 616
Element layer definition DTDdescribed 697
Embedded Visual Basic 64Embedded Visual C++ 64, 66–69Embedded Windows XP 64Emergency Location Immediate
Service (ELI) described 697Employee class, UML 181, 184Emulator, BREW 56Entities classes defined 381Envelope defined, SOAP 113EUROSCOM P809-GI project 643–645Evaluation matrix
electricians application 808J2ME client mobile use case 767, 768location sensitivity
infrastructure 764
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mobile use cases 759, 760user usage 760–763
Event-based UIMS defined 280–281,285
Eventsdefined 200, 201JINI service 53and objects 201
Everyplace Suite, IBM 97Exceptional Case defined, UML 164Exception handling, full blown
defined 40Exception stereotype defined,
UML 373Exec command defined, SyncML 667Experience Sampling Method
(ESM) and the userexperience 499, 500
Extensible Markup Language(XML)
addresses, representing 106, 107, 120applications, modeling 144attributes and elements, using 294content, transforming 109–111, 324data defined 145documents
representing 145structure of 149
DOM and XSL templates 111history of 105–106instances in 145and J2ME 47–48mapping
meta-model level 146–153namespaces 149, 150to UML
constructs 147–148, 149, 150meta data 145meta-meta data 145meta model 145mobile applications 106, 118model defined 145overview 104parsing
DOM 106–108, 109SAX 108–109WAP 109
vs. RDF 128–130schema
data types, list of 119–121
defined 119GML document, defining 689namespaces 119OpenGIS GML grid 150overview 119–121and UML 146–153XForms 119
Speech GrammarSpecification, W3C 420
UML and 144–146and user interfaces 121–122Web services 111–112
Extensible MultimodalAnnotation MarkupLanguage (EMMA) 517–518
extension element defined 293Extraction processes defined,
XML Pipeline 125
FFeature-level fusion defined 546FIPA. See Foundation for
Intelligent PhysicalAgents (FIPA)
Fitt’s Law 391–392Floating point arithmetic
defined 39Focus, lack of and mobile
computing 23, 390Foreign Agent defined 647Form based dialogues 265, 268Forms
and class diagrams 285, 286controls 259, 305module defined, XHTML 353overview 259
Forward Link Trilateration(FLT) and locationsolutions 682
Foundation for IntelligentPhysical Agents(FIPA) 571–572, 574
Frame-based fusion defined 546Frame stereotype defined, UML 372Frameworks
centralized, fully 31–32hardware-specific 36–37publishing 81–83
Frequency defined 402Frequency modulation defined 617
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842 Index
Fusion, levels of 546Fusion and Integration with
multimodalityarchitecture described 786
GGarbage collection defined 40Generators, Cocoon 86Geographical information
system (GIS)architecture 685interfaces, building 686–687and location sensitivity 684–685and mobile applications 686
Geographic Markup Language(GML)
Coordinate Reference System 691Feature 691Geometry 691overview 688–692Temporal constructs 692Temporal Reference System 692Topology constructs 691Unit Definitions 692XLink values in 691and XML 150, 689
Get command defined, SyncML 667GIS. See Geographical
information system (GIS)Global Positioning System
(GPS)accessing programmatically 704–705defined 10, 679location solutions 679satellites, system of 680and triangulation 677
Global System for Mobile (GSM) 638,745
GML. See Geographic MarkupLanguage (GML)
Golden Hammer Antipatterndefined 243, 741
GPRS described 638–639GPS. See Global Positioning
System (GPS)Grammars
vs. classes 421–422defining 424for directed dialogue 411JSGF 413, 424
and mixed-initiative dialogue 411modeling 270, 424modularization 414, 418overview 410–411, 425–426recursive, building 419representing
programmatically 412, 421–424,425
rules 412–414, 415–418,420
specifying 270speech specification, W3C 270UIMS defined 280, 285and validation 301
Graphics, rendering 360Graphic user interfaces (GUIs)
building.NET Framework 366palm applications 362Symbian EPOC 362–365
and J2ME 366mobile
direct combination,application of 395–397
optimization of 389–393overview 316–318
modeling 371–376, 442specialization
distributed 339–340to mobile application 339to server 335–338single channel 333–335user interfaces 369–371
Grasshopper 599–602Grinder, BREW 57group element defined 309GSM. See Global System for
Mobile (GSM)Guarded property string,
function of 178
HHardwarePlatform defined,
UAProf 140Headers defined, UIML 368Health element in user interfaces 234Hexadecimal
EncodedBinaryData datatype defined, XMLSchema 121
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hint element defined 293History states, UML 203, 212Home Agent defined 647Host conformance defined 540,
559Host defined 564HTML, history of 105, 121HTTP 287, 342Human factors,
defining 233–235, 237–241Hypertext module defined,
XHTML 352
IIBM Everyplace Suite 97IBM Transcoding Publisher 337–338IBM Wireless Transcoding
Publisher (WTP) 96, 97–99IEEE 802.11 standard 630–631,
743–745Image Authoring tool, BREW 56Image Converter, BREW 56Immediacy and mobile
computing 24Implementation Model defined 378Implementation View,
UML 160, 222–228Information streams, types of 525Infrared Data Associations
(IrDA) 631–632Ink Markup Language (InkML) 528InkML. See Ink Markup
Language (InkML)Input channels definedInput element, transforming 295Input mechanisms, limited and
mobile devices 390input tag defined 295–296Input type and multimodality
503–504Inspection processes defined,
XML Pipeline 124Instance data, manipulating 312Instance defined, XML 145InstanceOf stereotype and object
relationships 184Instantiate stereotype and object
relationships 184Integrated circuit (IC) memory
cards defined 51
Integrated circuit (IC)microprocessor cardsdefined 51
Integrated DevelopmentEnvironments (IDEs) 430
Interaction diagrams, UML. Seealso Collaborationdiagrams, UML;Sequence diagrams, UML
actions, specifying 185artifacts 194–196interactions, representing 263messages in 185and multimodality 512overview 185–186
Interaction Model defined 377,378, 379, 382
Interactionsactive 727, 740atomic 253, 254, 381,
443commands and 257composite defined 253, 254cost of, formula 394initiating 725–726menus and 257–258modeling
mobile agents 584and sequence diagrams 185user 185, 263–268
overview 255representing
in UML 262–263user interfaces 267
systems and users 253–254taxonomy, meta-model 262types 257, 606and use case diagrams 262VUIs, building 426–427,
442Interaction Space stereotype
defined 380Interaction Tool Kit component 332Interactive Voice Response
(IVR) 412Inter-channel synchronization
defined 247Interface tags defined, UIML 368Intrusion Detection Systems 746Inversion of Control principle 281
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844 Index
IrDA. See Infrared DataAssociations (IrDA)
isQuery property string defined 178item element defined 296itemset element defined 296–297, 298IVR. See Interactive Voice
Response (IVR)
JJADE. See Java Agent
DevelopmentFramework (JADE)
Jar file defined 46Java
agletsarchitecture 591code, sample 592–593defined 589, 590–592and MASIF 591tools 592
applets defined 589–590cards defined 51–52midlets 40, 44, 589, 592mobile agents and 587, 588and multimodality 531overview 37–55parsers 109peer-to-peer architecture
defined 54platforms and programming 36
Java Agent DevelopmentFramework (JADE) 594–599
Java cards defined 51–52Java Community Process
defined 54Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)
applications 44, 46GUIs 366LBS and 704, 705location sensitivity and 46and midlets 592mobile agent capabilities of 567overview 38parsers 109platform and code writing 34and thick-client development 34UIMS functionality and 314and user interfaces 46WAP and 73
and WBXML 126XML and 47–48
Java Speech Grammar Format(JSGF)
class diagrams 424grammar rules in 413, 424meta-model for 423overview 412recursion, types of 419Speech Grammar
Specification, W3C 419–421Java Telephony API (JTAPI)
application architecture 437mobile package 437–438overview 434–438
javax.speech.commands defined 433recognition 433synthesis 433
javax.telephony. packagesdefined
callcenter 436callcontrol 436capabilities 436events 436media 436mobile 436overview 436phone 436–437privatedata 436
JINI 52–53, 602–603JINI Federation defined 53J2ME. See Java 2 Micro Edition
(J2ME)JNI, support for defined 40Joining JINI service defined 53JSGF. See Java Speech Grammar
Format (JSGF)JSR-179 and location
information, accessing 704,705–708
JTAPI. See Java Telephony API(JTAPI)
JXTA overview 612–614
KKeyboards as user interface 249KVM functionality 39kXML defined 109
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LLanguage defined 404Language of Temporal Ordering
Specification (LOTOS) 550LANs and Bluetooth 629Layout Appropriateness formula
392–393Leaf property string defined 178LEAP. See Lightweight
Extensible AgentPlatform (LEAP)
Leasing JINI service defined 53LIF. See Location
Interoperability Forum(LIF) described
Lightweight Extensible AgentPlatform (LEAP) 594–599
Link module defined, XHTML 352Links
and object relationships 183–184,185
stereotypes and 186List module defined, XHTML 352Localization defined 9Location-based services (LBS)
and J2ME 704, 705in mobile applications 702–704MPP and 704
Location Interoperability Forum(LIF) described 696–697
Locationsapplications, developing 695,
698–700, 790awareness
and CLDC 46in WAP 79
changing 22describing in UML 714functionality testing 805information
accessing and JSR-179 704,705–708
class diagrams and 690, 712and contexts 709–711MANETs and 748modeling 687–688and privacy 720, 748,
790security and 719–720, 743–745
and mobile computing 9–11representing in UML 711–715security and 719–720,
748sensitivity
categories of 10and centralized frameworks 31defined 9and GIS 684–685infrastructure evaluation
matrix 764and J2ME 46Mobile Agent platforms and
604–605WLANs and 683
services and mobilitydata acquisition 677–684overview 676–677system architecture 700–702
solutionscell identification 681enhanced observed time
difference (E-TOD) 682and GPS 679time of arrival 681–682wireless LAN based 683–684
Location Service Module (LSM)described 702
Logic sheets defined, Cocoon 88Long range wireless
communicationdescribed 632–633
Lookup JINI service defined 52LOTOS. See Language of
Temporal OrderingSpecification (LOTOS)
LSM. See Location ServiceModule (LSM) described
MMain Case defined, UML 164MANETs. See Mobile ad hoc
networks (MANETs)Many to many replication
defined 654Map command defined, SyncML 667MASIF. See Mobile Agent System
Interoperability Facility(MASIF)
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Mechanismsin active transactions 727, 728input 390persistence 655
MEGlets 338Memory limitations, improving 66Menus and interactions 257–258Merging defined 141Messages
atomic defined 253composite defined 253control defined 255–256defined
SyncML 665WSDL 115
displaying 186UML
condition, specifying 197forms of 197in interaction diagrams 185parenthesis in 197sequence numbers 197sequence of 186, 187,
197Messaging
asynchronousand IBM Everyplace Suite 97MSMQ and 69overview 99–100
systems, event-based 306technologies, properties of 724
Meta data defined, XML 145Meta Info defined, SyncML 665Meta-information module
defined, XHTML 353Meta-meta data defined, XML 145Meta model defined 145, 423Microcellular wireless
technology described 619Microsoft
Messaging Queuing (MSMQ) 69Mobile Internet Toolkit 64platforms and programming 36Smart Phone 72
Midlets, Javadefined 44, 589downloading 40and MIDP 592treatment of 44
MIDP. See Mobile InformationDevice Profile (MIDP)
MIF Editor, BREW 56Mixed initiative dialogues
defined 266, 409and sequence diagrams 268–270in user interfaces 261–262, 265
M3L. See Multimodal MarkupLanguage
MLP. See Mobile LocationProtocol (MLP)
MMDA. See MultimediaMultimodal DialogArchitecture (MMDA)
MMIL. See Multimodal InterfaceLanguage (MMIL)
MML. See Multimodal MarkupLanguage
MMS. See Multimedia MessagingServices (MMS)
MobileAddress defined 437Mobile ad hoc networks
(MANETs) 747, 748Mobile Agent platforms
active behavior, implementing 734agents
applications 587–588architectures 783–785and collaborations 564defined 784designing 563features of 564handling 559, 560hybrids of 560–561interactions, modeling 584limitations 566–567replication/synchronization
of 673–674representing 560security issues 567–568separation of concerns 561–564software techniques for 609–611UML extensions for 574, 577–587use case diagrams and 581, 582
basics of 558–560and context 604device adaptation and 608–609limitations of 607–608location sensitivity and 604–605
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overview 557–558, 564–566as proxies 607QOS and 606and security 748technologies, properties of 724
Mobile Agent SystemInteroperability Facility(MASIF)
Agent Authority 569Agent Location 569Agent Name 569Agent System 569Agent System Type 569aglets and 591codebase 569communication infrastructure 569deserialization defined 569–571overview 568–571security 569–571serialization 569stationary agents 569
Mobile Agent to User InterfaceProject (MAUI) and userinterfaces 606
Mobile applicationsarchitecture 25–26, 773–775,
786–787data replication/
synchronization 653, 657–661,662
developing 13, 755, 756–757,768–772, 788
devices, persistencemechanisms for 655
grammars 425–426implementing 11and infrastructure
integration 763–765internationalization/
localization 720–721location-based services (LBS),
utilizing 702–704markup languages, taxonomy
of 356and mobile agents 564–566N-tier architectures 781–783security 735–742and SMIL 541–544testing 792–795, 799–801, 802–804
transformationtechniques 322–325, 335
UML extensions for 385–389use cases for 757–768, 770–771user interfaces, developing 16,
236–241, 316, 318voice recognition based VUIs,
designing 477voice transcription for 406and VXML 466–467Web Services and 117–118and XML 106
Mobile computing systemsdefined 3, 6dimensions of 8–22history of 4–6virtual machines and 36vs. wireless communication 6–8
Mobile condition defined 7, 22–25Mobile Development
Frameworks 29–31Mobile Information Device
Profile (MIDP)API overview 42–43defined 42, 43–46features of 38–42
Mobile IPaddressing schemes for 728overview 646–649and Push 731
Mobile Location Protocol (MLP)696–697
MobileNetwork defined 437Mobile Node defined 647Mobile Positioning Protocol
(MPP) 693–695, 704MobileProvider defined 438MobileRadio defined 438Mobile Subscriber ISDN number
(MSISDN) defined 728MobileTerminal defined 438Mobility, dimensions of
and CLDC 46–47overview 8, 31, 316, 738–740,
755–756testing and 801WAP and 79–80and Windows CE 70–71
Model defined 145, 161
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848 Index
Modeling, 156–157. See alsoindividual topics andapplications by name
Model parser defined 48Model-View-Controller (MVC)
architecture 786limitations of 319–320overview 318–320
Modulation techniques 616–618Module testing 796Monitors as user interface 249MPML. See Multimodal
Presentation MarkupLanguage (MPML)
MSISDN. See Mobile SubscriberISDN number (MSISDN)defined
MSMQ. See Microsoft MessagingQueuing (MSMQ)
Multicasting defined, UML 201Multi-channel systems
driving directions application 263modeling in UML 506–511overview 233, 247, 350, 497testing 802–803
Multi-device synchronization 659Multimedia defined 498Multimedia Messaging Services
(MMS) 77–78, 360Multimedia Multimodal Dialog
Architecture (MMDA) 546Multimedia sequence diagrams,
UML 510–511Multimodal Airline Travel
Information System(MATIS) 333
Multimodal Dialogue Manager 546Multimodal Integrator 544–546, 550Multimodal Interface Language
(MMIL) 525–528Multimodality
architectures 550BREW and 531and Cocoon 537–539content and 513defined 553designing 789dialogue management for,
Sharma 547
dimensions of 506disambiguation, cross-modal 551and extensibility 551Fusion and Integration with
multimodalityarchitecture described 786
implementing 501–502, 530–533,544
input type and 503–504interaction diagrams and 512and internationalization 552–553Java and 531and localization 552–553LOTOS and 550overview 498–500and sequence diagrams 512simultaneous, functionality 506Symbian EPOC and 532and synchronization 539–540types of 502–505usage, usability-centered 505–506validation of 551and WAP 532Windows CE and 532
Multimodal Markup LanguageM3L overview 515–516MML overview 516–517
Multimodal PresentationMarkup Language(MPML) 518–525
Multiplex receivers defined 680MVC. See Model-View-
Controller (MVC)
NNamespaces
mappingUML 147–148, 149, 150XML 149, 150
XML schema 119Natural language dialogues
defined 266, 408–409sequence diagrams in 268–270in user interfaces 259–261
Navigation Markup Language(NVML) 692–693
navIndex attribute defined 292.NET Framework
GUIs, building 366
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Index 849
mobile agent platforms for 603parsers 109and programming 36Smart Device extensions for 64Web services and 70
NetworkCharacteristics defined,UAProf 141
Network Layer securitydescribed 737
Network operator defined 583Networks. See also Mobile ad
hoc networks (MANETs)and CLDC 41, 46connectivity to 5transactions in 726UML modeling 642–646wireless
and active computing 725–728overview 624security 742, 745–747
NetworkSelection defined 438Nodes
defined 113, 305, 647UML
attributes and operations,specifying 226
defined 162modeling 226
Nodeset binding defined 305Nomadic Application Support
Specification defined,FIPA 572
N-tier architectures 779–781, 783N-tier Client-server frameworks 32–37Nuance Speech Object APIs 432Numeric data type defined, XML
Schema 120NVML. See Navigation Markup
Language (NVML)Nyquist’s principle 6
OObject Constraints Language
(OCL) 423–424Object diagrams, UML 162, 182–183Object Domain 101Object Flows, illustrating UML 214Object Modeling Technique
(OML) 158
Object module defined, XHTML 353Object Names attribute defined,
UML 183Object Operations attribute
defined, UML 183Object Oriented Languages 157–158Object Oriented Modeling of
Multimedia Applications(OMMMA) 508–510, 511
Objectsconstraints, representing 269events and 201relationships
Becomes stereotype and 184collaboration diagrams and 185Copy stereotype and 184Instance of stereotype and 184Instantiate stereotype and 184and links 183–184, 185stereotypes and 184, 185transient stereotype and 184
states, changing 203UML
attributes 183creation/destruction of 186defined 182–183relationships between 185states and transitions 212
in XML Schema 691Object State attribute defined,
UML 183, 184OFDM. See Orthogonal
Frequency DivisionMultiplexing (OFDM)described
OMMMA. See Object OrientedModeling of MultimediaApplications (OMMMA)
One to many replication defined 654One to one replication defined 654Operations
defined, WSDL 115formal syntax for 178parameters, formal syntax for 178property string, function of
Optical memory cards defined 52Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM)described 635
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850 Index
Output channels definedoutput form control defined 300
PPAC-Amodeus 332–333Package names defined 413Packaging processes defined,
XML Pipeline 125PAC-TG. See Transformation of
Generic Presentation-Abstraction-Control(PAC-TG)
Page stereotype defined, UML 372Palm platform and
synchronization 661Palm Query Application (PQA),
writing 362–365Paper, printed as user interface 250Parsers
types of 48, 108–109XML 106–109
Partitioned motion patterndefined 711
Peer elements defined, UIML 368Peer-to-peer architectures (P2P)
defined 54and LEAP 595for mobile computing 611–614overview 557–558, 783
Personal information, obtaining 428,440
Physical Layer securitydescribed 737
Piconet described 626Pitch defined 402pix-x defined, CC/PP 135pix-y defined, CC/PP 135Platform for Privacy Preferences
(P3P)and CC/PP security 139overview 310
Platformsproliferation
CLDC and 47and mobile computing 17–18in WAP 80
and thick-client development 34Portability and vendor APIs 434Portals, creating 495Port defined, WSDL 115
Port type defined, WSDL 115Power consumption, status
report 67Power management
functionality 15, 47Power supply
limitedand mobile computing 14–15, 390WAP and 79
and security 739, 790P2P. See Peer-to-peer
architectures (P2P)P3P. See Platform for Privacy
Preferences (P3P)PQA. See Palm Query
Application (PQA),writing
Presence Agent defined 732Presentation-Abstract-Control
(PAC)architecture described 786implementation, sample 321overview 320–322PAC-Amodeus 332–333PAC-TG
applications 328–332benefits 327implementation techniques 333limitations 327–328overview 325–332
Presentation elements defined,UIML 368
Presentation Layer securitydescribed 737
Presentation logic, decouplinglayers of 248
Presentation Model defined 377, 382Presentation module defined,
XHTML 353Presentation stereotype defined,
UML 373Principle of Subsumption
defined 396Principles of Visibility and
n-fold Interactiondefined 396
Privacyin active interactions 740and location information 720, 748,
790
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Process View defined, UML 160Profiles. See also Composite
Capabilities/PreferencesProfiles (CC/PP); MobileInformation DeviceProfile (MIDP); UserAgent ProfileSpecification (UAProf)
Bluetooth 662, 663, 671–672CLDC 41–42
Promptsimproving 482overview 256, 479
Pronouns, using 479Proximity based methods of
location sensing defined 10Proximity based triangulation
defined 677Proxy Profile defined, CC/PP 136, 138Proxy Server defined, SIP 732Pull mechanisms and active
transactions 727, 728Pull parser defined 48Pure Voice converter, BREW 57Push Access Protocol (PAP)
defined 728, 729–730Push based technologies
and bandwidth requirements 734defined 723functionality 725, 727, 728and mobile IP 731parser defined 48and WAP 78–79, 728–731
PushCharacteristics defined,UAProf 141
Push Initiator (PI) defined 728, 730Push Proxy Gateway (PPG)
defined 728Push-pull model of
communication 18Put command defined, SyncML 667
QQOS. See Quality of service
(QOS)Quality of service (QOS)
ITU-T X.641 and 622Mobile Agent platforms and 606and mobile computing 11–12modeling in UML 622–624
network and CLDC 46and security 739tools 11UTMS nd 621–622and VUI 425WAP and 79and wireless connectivity 620–622
Rrange form control defined 300–302Rational Rose 101rdf:ID attribute defined 141rdf:type attribute defined 141Redirect Server defined, SIP 732ref attribute defined 297References, weak defined 40Registrar Server defined, SIP 732Regression testing 799Remote Object Proxy Engine
(ROPE) 70repeat element defined 309Replication
applications 653, 657–661,662
conflicts in 656defined 652, 654mobile agents 673–674taxonomy 654–656, 674–675
Request Logic Sheet, tags for 89Request Profile defined, CC/PP 136Request Viewer tool defined 337Resource Description
Framework (RDF)CC/PP vocabulary 134overview 127–130resources, identifying 127schema 130–131TestPhone device 128and UML 131–132vs. XML 128–130
Resource Editor, BREW 57Resources
identifyingRDF 127XML Pipeline 125
relationships, specifying 127Responses 256REST architecture 786Results command defined,
SyncML 667
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Risk on Security Investment(ROSI) defined 741
ROPE. See Remote Object ProxyEngine (ROPE)
Rule grammars 412–414
SSatellite based wireless
communicationdescribed 618
SAX parsing, XML 108–109Scalability issues and testing 804Scalable Vector Graphics
(SVG) 361–362, 688Scatternet, formation of 627Scene analysis
and location sensing 10triangulation 677
Schema. See individualapplication by name
Scripting module defined,XHTML 353
SDL. See Specification andDescription Language(SDL) andtelecommunications
Search command defined,SyncML 667
secret form control defined 296Security. See also individual
programs by nameand device capabilities 739framework, providing 40IBM Everyplace Suite 97location information 719–720,
743–745MASIF 569–571mobile applications 735–742modeling, UML 750, 751and power supply 739, 790vs. privacy 749QOS and 739SIM cards and 740SyncML 668for user interfaces 739in WAP 79, 737
selection attribute defined 297selectMany tag defined 303selectone form control
defined 296–298, 300, 301–303
selectUI attribute defined 297Semantic fusion defined 546Semantic Web defined 127Sequence diagrams, UML. See
also Interactiondiagrams, UML
defined 49, 162dialogues
form based 268mixed initiative 268–270natural language 268–270
driving directions, basicinteractions 264
elements in 188–191messages, displaying 186modeling
mobile agent interactions 185,584
user interactions 263–268VUI 442,
446multimedia 510–511and multimodality 512OMMMA and 511overview 186–192SyncML, basic authentication
for 670Sequential property string,
function of 178Sequential receivers defined 680Serialization
and Aglets 590CLDC and 592defined, MASIF 569
Serializer, Cocoon 87Server-side image map module
defined, XHTML 353Server-side validation defined 300Service, quality of. See Quality
of service (QOS)Service defined, WSDL 115Service Layer definitions
described 697Session Initiation Application
(SIA), function of 730Session Initiation Protocol
(SIP) 731–733Session Logic Sheet, tags for 89Session Security Layer (SSL)
described 737
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SGML, history of 105Short Messaging Service
(SMS) 649–651, 725Short range transmission
described 619Short range wireless described 625Signals defined, UML 161Signal to Noise Ration (SNR)
defined 401SIM cards and security 740Simple Object Access Protocol
(SOAP)constructs, syntacticaloverview 112–114and ROPE 70
Simultaneous multimodality 506Single Language with Virtual
Machine approach 103Single node binding defined 305Single operating system multiple
language approach 103SLoP. See Spatial Location
Protocol (SLP, SLoP)described
SLP. See Spatial LocationProtocol (SLP, SLoP)described
Smart cards defined 51–52Smart Device extensions for
.NET 64SMS. See Short Messaging
Service (SMS)Snoop tool defined 337SOAP. See Simple Object Access
Protocol (SOAP)Software applications, 234, 781.
See also individualapplications by name
architecture defined 25development 14, 32hardware and 35stand-alone, building 34stationary and connectivity 12
SoftwarePlatform defined,UAProf 140
source attribute defined, UIML 368Spatial Location Protocol (SLP,
SLoP) described 695–696Speaker dependency and voice
transcription systems 404
Specification and DescriptionLanguage (SDL) andtelecommunications 643
Speechmeaning and context in 403qualities of 401–405synthesis, pure 485synthesis by concantenation 484
Speech Grammar Specification,W3C 419–421
Speech synthesis systems 400SSML. See Synthetic Speech
Markup Language(SSML)
Standard Location ImmediateService (SLI) described 697
Standard Location ReportingService (SLRS) described 697
State chart diagrams, UML 162, 203State diagrams, UML
defined 49and dialogues 445elements of 203–210events and signals 200and state machine UIMS 285user interface component
states and 285and XForms processing model 290
State machinesand CCXML containers 468nested defined 211purpose of 203states of 203–211and VUI 426
State machine UIMS. See UserInterface ManagementSystem (UIMS), statemachine
Static diagrams defined, UML 161Stationary agent defined, MASIF 569Status Code defined, SyncML 666Status command defined,
SyncML 667Stereotypes and object
relationships 184, 185Stress testing 804String data type defined, XML
Schema 120Structural view, UML 171–177,
184
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Structure module defined,XHTML 353
Stylesheet module defined,XHTML 353
Stylus as user interface 249submit form control defined 303Substates defined, UML 211Subsystem defined, UML 161, 162SVG. See Scalable Vector
Graphics (SVG)switch element defined 310Symbian EPOC
GUIs, building 362–365and multimodality 532overview 80–81and synchronization 662
Symmetric channels defined 251, 503Symmetric multimodality
defined 502Sync command defined, SyncML 666Synchronization
Bluetooth, profile 662, 663, 671–672BREW and 662of data
commands for 666–667conflicts in 656defined 652in mobile applications 657–661,
662taxonomy 654–656UML modeling 674–675
inter-channel 247and internationalization 552multi-device 659and multimodality 539–540Palm platform and 661Symbian EPOC and 662and Windows CE 661
Synchronization MarkupLanguage (SyncML) 663–669
Synchronized MultimediaIntegration Language(SMIL) 495, 540–544
Sync4J 669–671SyncML. See Synchronization
Markup Language(SyncML)
Synthetic Aperture Radar Atlas(SARA) digital library 562
Synthetic Speech MarkupLanguage (SSML)
document example 486,493
overview 126, 485–486syntax 486–492
System Requirements Viewdefined, UML 160
Systemsactive, building 733–734defined, UML 161designing 155–156, 245interactions in 253–254
TTable module defined, XHTML 353Tagged values defined, UML 180Tag libraries defined, Cocoon 88Target module defined, XHTML 353Tasks
changes in and mobilecomputing 24
classes defined 379TDMA. See Time Division
Multiple Access (TDMA)described
Telephone as user interface 250Telephony
API (TAPI), BREW 60infrastructure, wired vs.
wireless 437–438JTAPI 434–438and VUI 431, 434
Temporal Representationdefined 539–540
TerraVision 721Testing. See also individual test
by nameBREW 58coding standards and 795–796and the dimensions of
mobility 801locations 805mobile applications 792–795,
799–801, 802–804multi-channel systems 802–803overview 796–797user interfaces 802–804
TestPhone device 128
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TestSig Generator andAppSigner, BREW 57
text area form control defined 302Text module defined, XHTML 352Text-to-Speech systems 400, 484Thick-Client Wireless
Client-Server defined 33–34Thin-Client Wireless
Client-Serverdefined 33and MVC 319publishing frameworks and 81and WAP 72
3rd Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) 636, 746
Thread grouping defined 40Threat levels, determining 741Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA) described 634Tokens 414, 420Tools, hardware-specific 36–37Touch screens as user interfaces 249,
503Transactions, 53, 726. See also
Active transactionsTranscoding
defined 323, 324techniques 336–338vs. transformation 323
Transcoding Publisher, IBM 337–338Transformation of Generic
Presentation-Abstraction-Control(PAC-TG)
applications 328–332benefits 327implementation techniques 333limitations 327–328overview 325–332
Transformationscontent 91, 95defined 323, 324techniques, mobile
applications 322–325,335
vs. transcoding 323XForms 334XSLT and 109–111, 334
Transformers 86, 91, 95
Transient stereotype and objectrelationships 184
Transitions defined 277, 392Transmission techniques 618–620Transport Layer security
described 737Triangulation defined 10, 677Trickling reintegration defined 658Triggered Location Reporting
Service (TLRS) described 697Types defined, WSDL 115
UUAN. See User Action Notations
(UAN)UAProf. See User Agent Profile
Specification (UAProf)UDP and active behavior 734UIML. See User Interface
Markup Language(UIML)
UIMS. See User InterfaceManagement System(UIMS)
Unification-based fusion defined 546Unified Modeling Language
(UML) 2.0,improvements to 158
activities 203, 211benefits of 160building blocks of 161–163call defined 201and CCXML 468–475compound transitions defined 212consistency, maintaining 796diagram defined 161(See also individual diagram by
name)event types 201history of 158interactions, representing 262–263interfaces
and abstract classes 180component reuse and 224defined 161function of 224import defined 225specifying 225
and J2ME applications 48–50
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Unified Modeling Language(cont.)
locations, representing 711–715mapping
and meta-tools 335XML namespaces 147–148, 149,
150methods
definition section,simplifying 179
elements of 179types 179
mobile agents, extensionsfor 574, 577–587
mobile applications 385–389, 757modeling
benefits of 156–157data replication/
synchronization 674–675exceptions 201GUIs 371–372interface components,
generic 283–286interface domain 284–286iterations 197locations 712–715mobile agent
interactions 185, 584, 586motion 715multi-channel
applications 506–511multimodal applications 506–511network services 642–646nodes 226overview 378QOS 622–624responsibilities 179security 750, 751software 156synchronization of data 674–675UI validation 375user interactions 263–268VUI 442–446, 447wireless communications 640–646
multimodal applications,describing 511–513
overview 155, 159–161and RDF 131–132roles 180
self-transition defined 212Specification and Support
Web site url 158state change, representing 201state element, sections of 211stereotypes 180–181system views 160–161time event defined 201tools 100–102transitions
and conflicts 212internal defined 213sources for 212–213
visibility identifiers inVUIs 421–425, 438–447Wisdom Model extensions 378–385and XML 144–146
Unit testing. See TestingUniversal Description Discovery
and Integration (UDDI) 117Universal Mobile
TelecommunicationsSystems (UTMS) 621–622, 638
Update command defined,SyncML 667
upload element defined 302–303URIs
data types 121request, parameters for 694in SIP 733
Usability testing 803–804Use case diagrams, UML
application 164–171, 756defined 162, 163–164Domain Models 377elements inessential defined 379and interactions 262mobile agents and 581, 582Wisdom extensions 380, 715
Use case maps, UML described 640, 641User Action Notations (UAN)
and multimodality 550User Agent Client defined, SIP 732User Agent Profile Specification
(UAProf)BrowserUA defined 141HardwarePlatform defined 140namespaces in 141
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Index 857
NetworkCharacteristicsdefined 141
overview 140–143PushCharacteristics defined 141SoftwarePlatform defined 140WAP Characteristics defined 141
User Agent Server defined, SIP 732User input 480–483User Interface Management
System (UIMS)BREW and 314and Cocoon 314event-based defined 280–281, 285grammar defined 280, 285and J2ME 314overview 280state machine
defined 280forms and 286user interface life cycle,
representing 285types of 280–281and VUI 427
User Interface Markup Language(UIML) 325, 366–371
User interfacesbinding and specialization 243–245building 241–243, 265–266, 335,
500, 605–606to CCXML 475channels 245–253components
and contexts 273states 285
consistency in 479datagloves as 250developing
mobile applications 16, 236–241,316, 318
multi-channel 233overview 16, 231–241, 376stationary PC based 235–236
device motion as 250dialogues, types of 261–262, 265elements
binding to instance data 303–305composite, creating from
atomic 308overview 245
element taxonomy 284form based, representing 286form controls 294–303graphic (GUI) (See Graphic
user interfaces (GUIs))health element in 234interactions, representing 267and J2ME 46keyboards as 249layering 243life cycle, representing 285managing 280–283and mixed initiative dialogues
261–262mobile, types of 318monitors as 249mortgage banking application
guidelines 240multi-channel systems (See
Multi-channel systems)multimodal (See
Multimodality)natural language in 259–261overview 276–279paper, printed as 250security for 739specializing 279, 369–371stylus as 249support for 47telephone as 250testing 802–804touch screens as 249, 503transitions defined 277translation of 404varying 15–17voice (VUI) (See Voice user
interfaces (VUIs))WAP support for 80workflow and 255XForms 288, 291,
308–310XML based technologies 121–122
Usersexperience, critical factors
affecting 499information gatheringrole model defined 376–377understanding 478
User view defined, UML 163–171
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858 Index
UTMS. See Universal MobileTelecommunicationsSystems (UTMS)
Utterance defined 403
VValidation
client-side defined 301control grammar and 301for mobile use cases 801and multimodal applications 551server-side defined 300UI, modeling 375
Variables, declaring 178Video, delivering to mobile
devices 533–536View defined, UML 161Visual Basic and Windows CE 65–66Visual XML Transformation Tool
defined 337Voice browsers, overview 431, 447–448Voice Extensible Markup
Language (VXML) 122Voice Portlets 495–496Voice recognition systems
accuracy, improving 481clarity in 483overview 407–410purpose of 400
Voice transcriptionfor mobile applications 406overview 405–407purpose of 400
Voice User Interfaces (VUIs)activity diagrams and 441class extensions, meta-model
for 444designing 477, 788–789interactions, building 426–427,
442languages for 429–431modeling
implementation 445with sequence diagrams 442, 446UML 442–446, 447
nesting 414–419overview 399–401and QOS 425tuning 483–484
UMLbuilding and high-level
speech APIs 438–447extensions, Lieberman’s 441grammars, representing 421–425
User Interface ManagementSystem (UIMS) 427
Wisdom Model architecture 439VoiceXML (VXML)
construct mapping 464, 465goals of 449–461overview 431, 448–449syntax tags 450–460and UML 461–463
VUI. See Voice User Interfaces(VUIs)
VXML. See Voice ExtensibleMarkup Language(VXML)
WWAP. See Wireless Application
Protocol (WAP)WAP Binary Extensible Markup
Language (WBXML) 125–126WapCharacteristics defined,
UAProf 141WBXML. See WAP Binary
Extensible MarkupLanguage (WBXML)
WDP. See Wireless DatagramProtocol (WDP)
Web-based DistributedAuthoring andVersioning (WebDAV) 672–673
WebDAV. See Web-basedDistributed Authoringand Versioning(WebDAV)
Web Servicesapplication servers and 781connection, direct 117and mobile applications 117–118.NET Framework 70proxy defined 117Windows CE and 70and XML 111–112
Web Services DescriptionLanguage (WSDL)
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addresses, representing 115binding defined 115messages 115overview 114–117and XForms 118
White box testing 798Windows CE
and mobile GUIs, building 365mobility, dimensions of 70–71and multimodality 532overview 64–70parsers 109and synchronization 661
Wireless Application Protocol(WAP)
active transactions and 80architecture 73–74, 140deployment of 73, 393–395device capabilities, limited 79vs. HTTP 342and J2ME 73location awareness in 79mobility, dimensions of 79–80and multimodality 532overview 72–73, 340–341,
351platform proliferation in 80power supply, limited and 79proxies and gateways 75–77Push 78–79, 728–731QOS and 79security 79, 737Thin-Client Wireless
Client-Server 72UI 74user interfaces, support for 80and WML 74XML parsing in 109
Wireless communicationsdefined 6, 615–616generations of 637–638vs. mobile computing systems 6–8modeling in UML 640–646networking technologies
and active computing 725–728overview 624security 742, 745–747
Wireless Datagram Protocol(WDP) 341
Wireless Markup LanguageScripting (WMLScript)
overview 342, 349–351XForms and 351
Wireless Markup Language(WML)
overview 122, 342, 343–349tags, descriptions of 344–348and WAP 74
Wireless Session Layer (WSP) 342Wireless Telephony Application
Interface (WTAI) 342Wireless Transaction Layer
(WTP) 342Wireless Transcoding Publisher
(WTP) 96, 97–99Wireless Transport Layer
Security (WTLS) 341–342Wisdom Model architecture
mobile applicationdevelopment and 756–757
overview 376–378UML extensions 378–380, 385,
715and VUI 439
WML. See Wireless MarkupLanguage (WML)
WMLScript. See WirelessMarkup LanguageScripting (WMLScript)
WSDL. See Web ServicesDescription Language(WSDL)
WSP. See Wireless Session Layer(WSP)
WTAI. See Wireless TelephonyApplication Interface(WTAI)
WTLS. See Wireless TransportLayer Security (WTLS)
WTP. See IBM WirelessTranscoding Publisher(WTP); WirelessTransaction Layer (WTP)
XXForms
advantages 339construct mapping 464, 465
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860 Index
XForms (cont.)events 305–306as form based application 288form controls 291, 305forms, representing 259instance data 288instance events, processing 310–314model 288model events, processing 310–314model item properties 313navigational interaction
events 306–308overview 122, 286–289processing model 288,
289–291schema 288transformations 334user interfaces 288, 291,
308–310to VXML 462–464WMLScript and 351and WSDL 118in XML schema 119and XPath 290
xforms: events definedactivate 307blur 307delete 312focus 307formcontrolinitialize 311help 307hint 307initializeDone 311insert 312modelConstruct 311modelInitialize 311next 306previous 307recalculate 312refresh 312reset 313submit 313UIinitialize 311valueChanged 308valueChanging 308
XHTMLdefined 121, 343functionality 351–355Mobile Profile 355–360
modulesbi-directional text 352client-side image map 352edit 352forms 353hypertext 352link 352list 352meta-information 353object 353presentation 353scripting 353server-side image map 353structure 353stylesheet 353table 353target 353text 352
Voice Profile 476XLink
expressions, using 292and resource bundles 294values in GML 691
XMI, purpose of 144XML. See Extensible Markup
Language (XML)XML Formatting Objects
(XSL-FO) defined 109xml:lang attribute defined 291–292XML Pipeline
constructive processes 124extraction processes 125inspection processes 124overview 122–125packaging processes 125resources, identifying 125
XML SchemaBase64 Encoded Binary Data
data type 121Boolean data type 121data types
complex 121defining in 120simple 121
Date data type 120Hexadecimal
EncodedBinaryData datatype 121
numeric data type 120
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Index 861
objects in 691String data type 120URI data type 121
XPath 109, 290XSL-FO. See XML Formatting
Objects (XSL-FO)defined
XSLTHTML and 111transformations and 334and XML, transforming 109–111
XSL Trace tool defined 337XSP 88–90X + V 515
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