8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

1/14

Protocols

Connectionless simple sending of data withNO guarantee that it will be received. Like aletter in the mail, e.g. IP

Connection-orientedeach packets successfulreceipt acknowledged by recipient, e.g. TCP

Routable uses network addresses & can beused in large networks e.g. TCP/IP, IPX/SPX

Non-routable uses hardware addresses (MACaddresses) & can only be used in small LANs,e.g. NetBEUI

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

2/14

TCP/IP Protocol Suite

Developed as Internet protocol suite & now themost widely used network protocol.

Top 3 layers of OSI model

FTP file transfer protocol

Telnet logon to remote systems via Internet

SMTP simple mail transport protocol

Transport Layer TCP transmission control protocol, connectionoriented

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

3/14

TCP/IP cont.

Network Layer IP Internet protocol, handles all addressing and

routing, connectionless, fast but unreliable ARP address resolution protocol, maps hardware

addresses to IP addresses ICMP internet control message protocol, detects

network error conditions & warns IP to avoid certainnetwork areas

RIP routing information protocol determines

shortest path between sender & receiver (countshops) OSPF open shortest path first like RIP but with

less overhead.

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

4/14

TCP/IP cont.

Data Link Layer

ODI open driver interface, seen in Novellnets, allows multiple protocol stacks to use

same NIC.

NDIS network driver interface specification,seen in Microsoft nets, also allows multiple

protocol stacks to use the same NIC.

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

5/14

IP Addressing

Within TCP/IP nets, each computer isassigned a 32-bit IP address, e.g.192.168.24.123

Four decimal numbers from 0 to 255 Part of an IP address represents the

networks address & the other part

represents the address of a specificcomputer on that network. Similar to area code & phone number

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

6/14

IP Addressing cont.

Subnet Mask sets which part of the IP addressis network & which part is for a specific computeron the network (host).

Three Classes of Subnet Mask Class A 255.0.0.0 for very large nets, the first 3

digits are for the network, the rest for individualmachines on that net

Class B 255.255.0.0 for medium size nets Class C 255.255.255.0 for small nets, the first 9

digits are for the network, the rest for individualmachines maximum 255.

Total address 2554 = over 4 billion

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

7/14

IP Addressing cont.

Each IP address must be unique within an entireTCP/IP net. If your net is local or private only,then you can choose any range of IP addresses

you want. If you connect to the Internet, your ISP will

provide a valid range of IP addresses to use.

DHCP dynamic host configuration protocol,provides a way to dynamically assign IPaddresses to clients.

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

8/14

IPX/SPX

Used in Novell Netware networks Top 3 layers of OSI model

SAP service advertising protocol (print servers)

NCP netware core protocol file sharing

Transport Layer NCP also operates here

SPX sequenced packet exchange connection-orientedprotocol

Network Layer IPX internetwork packet exchange all addressing &routing, connectionless, is fast but unreliable

RIP like RIP in TCP/IP, finds the shortest path

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

9/14

IPX/SPX cont.

Data Link Layer

ODI open data-link interface, allows IPX towork with any NIC

When used with Ethernet, all computers mustuse the identical frame type or communicationwill not be possible.

Default in NetWare 2.x & 3.x is Ethernet 802.3 Default in NetWare 4.x & higher is Ethernet 802.2

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

10/14

Microsoft Networking

Top 2 layers of OSI model Redirector makes remote resources appear local SMB server message block provides peer-to-peer

communication between redirector on client and

server software Session Layer

NetBIOS network basic input output system,establishes sessions between computers & maintainsthose connections.

NetBIOS identifies each computer on a net with a 15-character name which must be unique within the netand is associated with the computers MAC address.

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

11/14

Microsoft Networking cont.

Transport/Network Layer

NetBEUI is small (requires little memory), fast,non-routable protocol used in small

workgroups. Was designed to be used withNetBIOS.

Because it is non-routable (uses only MAC

addresses), it is usually replaced by TCP orSPX in larger networks.

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

12/14

Other Protocols

Other than the most common: TCP/IP,IPX/SPX, NetBEUI

AppleTalk no detail on this

DECnet from Digital EquipmentCompany. Is routable and closely followsthe OSI model. typically found not in PCnets but in larger nets integrating mini &mainframe computers.

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

13/14

Other Protocols cont.

DLC data link control non-routable,used with IBM mainframes & printers

OSI suite of protocols that correlateexactly to OSI model. Seen in larger nets.

SNA system network architecture, fromIBM & like DECnet & OSI is a suite ofprotocols used in larger networks.

8/3/2019 7 310 Protocols

14/14

Configuring Protocols

For windows products use the networkcontrol panel (may be named slightlydifferently depending on version of

windows). Sometimes plug & play will install &

configure protocols for you.

Need administrator privileges toinstall/uninstall and configure protocols &the subnet mask