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After weeks of acrimonious negotiations and public blame game, Indias broadcasters, advertisers, ad

agencies and Television Audience Measurement (TAM) Media Research the sole agency which

measures viewership

TVT will capture viewership in absolute numbers. This is a way to address the complaints of

television networks which said TRPs, measured in relative terms in points, did not accurately presentthe growth in viewership. TVTs will be the sole currency in the public domain.

TVT rolling averagewill be provided every week. This is statistically more stable data. But for

internal evaluation, the percentage of television viewership rating weekly will be provided to

advertisers and agencies. All future changes in audience measurement will be made based on inputs

by a joint technical committee of the industry body, the Broadcasting Audience Research Council.

TRPs fail ed to present viewership growth accurately, complain networks Now, TVT rol li ng average wil l be provided every weekIndia, China trying to evolve effective mechanismsto check LAC face-offs: AntonyNEW DELHI, July 27, 2013Till the final settlement of the border issue, we are trying to find out more effective mechanisms to

prevent occasional incidents. There are many points in the LAC that are disputed and they are

patrolled by both sides. So, sometimes it leads to some face-off, Mr. Antony told reporters here on

the 14th anniversary of Kargil Vijay Diwas (26th JULY).

On the one side, both sides are trying to find a long-term solution to the long pending border

dispute. Till that time, our aim is to maintain peace and tranquility (free from disturbance) at the

border, he said.

We are going to have another round of meeting of the Joint Working Group in Beijing soon on this

issue. So, I think we will be able to find out a solution to such unpleasant incidents on the border, he

said.

In one of the recent incidents of incursion, Chinese troops had entered Chumar area in Ladakh on

July 16-17 on horses and ponies, staking their claim and demanding that Indian troops leave the

area.

Two sides to meet again in Beijing soon

Chinese troops had entered Chumar area on July 16-17

DIFFERENT TERRORIST GROUPS?

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South Africa fights to protect rooibos tea name

It is a tea not quite like any other. It can be drunk hot or cold, with milk or without, by infants and

pensioners alike. Six cups a day are said to be good for the health, and rinsing in it can supposedly

work wonders for pets with skin allergies.

Rooibos(red bush in Afrikaans) has been grown exclusively in South Africa for generations and is

now worth an estimated 600 million rand ($62 million approximately) a year for the country. So a

French companys attempt to trademark its name was never going to be dismissed as a mere storm in

a teacup.

Caffeine-free and rich in minerals, antioxidants and vitamins, rooibos is traditionally grown in the

Cederberg region, 150 miles north of Cape Town. The plant is harvested, cut and sprayed with water,

and the damp leaves are allowed to ferment for 12 hours before being spread out and dried in the

sun, giving them a distinctive amber hue.

South Africa began exporting the tea in 1904 and now 70 per cent goes to European Union (EU)

states. The industry employs about 4,500 people.

I think its one of the most special products, Ms. Snyman said. It comes from an internationally

recognised biodiversity hotspot and areas where there is not a lot of other economic activity. Many of

us have grown up cultivating it and have a lot of fond memories. Its got a natural sweetish taste and

a lot of health benefits. Its different from other herbal teas.

The namerooibos can only be used to refer to the dry product, infusion or extract that is 100 per

cent pure rooibos, derived fromAspalathus linearis

President Barack Obama has nominated yet another Indian American , Vince Girdhari Chhabria, to a

key judicial post in California.

Nominated to be U.S. District Judge for the Northern District of California, Mr. Chhabria is currently

deputy city attorney for government litigation at the San Francisco city attorneys office, where he

has worked since 2005.

PARAM is a series ofgigaflopsupercomputers designed and assembled by theCentre for Developmentof Advanced Computing (C-DAC) in Pune, India. The latestmachine in the series is the PARAM Yuva II.

Param means supreme in Sanskrit.

After being deniedCraysupercomputersas a result of a technologyembargo (ban on trade; with a

particular country), India started a program to develop indigenous supercomputers and supercomputingtechnologies. Supercomputers were considered a double edged weapon capable of assisting in the development

ofnuclear weapons. For the purpose of achieving self-sufficiency in the field, the Centre for Development of

Advanced Computing (C-DAC) was set up in 1988 by the then Department of Electronics with Dr. Vijay

Bhatkaras its Director.[2]The project was given an initial run of 3 years and an initial funding of

300,000,000 . Because the same amount of money and time was usually expended to purchase a

supercomputer from the US. In 1990, a prototypewas produced and was benchmarked at the 1990

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Zurich Supercomputering Show. It surpassed most other systems, placing India second after

US.

The final result of the effort was the PARAM 8000, which was installed in 1991.[1]It is

considered India's first supercomputer.

PARAM SeriesPARAM 8000

Unveiled in 1991, PARAM 8000 usedInmos 8000 transputers. Transputers were a fairly new and

innovative microprocessor architecture designed for parallel processing at the time.It was a distributed

memory MIMD architecture with a reconfigurable interconnection network.[6]It had 64 CPUs.

PARAM 8600

PARAM 8600 was an improvement over PARAM 8000. It was a 256 CPU computer. For every four Inmos

8000, it employed an Intel i860 coprocessor.[6]The result was over 5 GFLOPS at peak for vector processing.

Several of these models were exported.

PARAM 9900/SS

PARAM 9900/SS was designed to be a MPP system. It used theSuper SPARC II processor. The design was

changed to be modular so that newer processors could be easily accommodated. Typically, it used 32-40

processors. But, it could be scaled up to 200 CPUs using the clos networktopology.PARAM 9900/US was

the Ultra SPARCvariant and PARAM 9900/AAwas the DEC Alphavariant.

PARAM 10000

In 1998, the PARAM 10000 was unveiled. PARAM 10000 used several independent nodes, each based on

the Sun Enterprise 250 server and each such server contained two 400 Mhz UltraSPARC II processors. The

base configuration had three compute nodes and a server node. The peak speed of this base system was

6.4 GFLOPS.[7]A typical system would contain 160 CPUs and be capable of 100 GFLOPS[8]But, it was easilyscalable to the TFLOP range.

PARAM Padma

PARAM Padma (Padma meansLotus in Sanskrit) was introduced in April 2003. It had a peak speed of 1024

GFLOPS (about 1 TFLOP) and a peak storage of 1 TB. It used 248 IBM Power4 CPUs of 1 GHz each.

The operating systemwas IBM AIX 5.1L. It used PARAM net II as its primary interconnect. It was the first

Indian supercomputer to break the 1 TFLOP barrier.[9]

PARAM Yuva

PARAM Yuva (Yuva means Youth in Sanskrit) was unveiled in November 2008. It has a maximum sustainable

speed (Rmax) of38.1 TFLOPS and a peak speed (Rpeak) of 54 TFLOPS. There are 4608 cores in it, basedon Intel 73XX of 2.9 GHz each. It has a storage capacity of 25 TB up to 200 TB .[11]It uses PARAM net 3 as its

primary interconnect.[9]

Further developments

In July 2009, it was announced that C-DAC was developing a new high-speed PARAM. It was expected to be

unveiled by 2012 and was expected to break the 1 Peta FLOPSbarrier.[12]

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Param Yuva II

Param Yuva II was made byCentre for Development of Advanced Computing in a period of three months, at a

cost of 16 crore (US$3 million), and was unveiled on 8 February 2013. It performs at a peak of524 teraflops

and consumes 35% less energy as compared to Param Yuva. It delivers sustained performance of 360.8

teraflops on the community standard Linpack benchmark, and would have been ranked 62 in the November

2012 ranking list of Top500. In terms of power efficiency, it would have been ranked 33rd in the November

2012 List of Top Green 500 supercomputers of the world.[13][14]It is the first Indian supercomputer achieving

more than 500 teraflops.[15][16]

Param Yuva II will be used for research in space, bioinformatics, weather forecasting, seismic data analysis,

aeronautical engineering, scientific data processing and pharmaceutical development. Educational institutes

like the Indian Institutes of Technology and National Institutes of Technology can be linked to the computer

through the national knowledge network. This computer is a stepping stone towards building the future

petaflop-range supercomputers in India.

PARAM net

PARAMnet is a high speed high bandwidth lowlatencynetworkdeveloped for the PARAM series. Each port

provided 400 Mb/s in both directions (thus 2x400 Mbit/s) as it is was a full-duplex network. It was first used in

PARAM 10000.

PARAMnet II, introduced with PARAM Padma, is capable of 2.5 Gb/swhile working full-duplex. It supports

interfaces like Virtual Interface Architecture and Active messages. It uses 8 or 16 port SAN switches. The grid

computing networkGARUDAis also based on it.[18]

Operators

PARAM supercomputers are used by both public and privateoperators for various purposes. As of 2008, 52

PARAMs have been deployed, of these 8 are located in Russia, Singapore, Germanyand Canada. PARAMs have

also been sold to Tanzania, Armenia, Saudi

Arabia, Singapore, Ghana,Myanmar, Nepal, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.

In computing, FLOPS (for FLoating-point Operations Per Second) is a measure ofcomputer performance,

especially in fields of scientific calculations that make heavy use offloating-point calculations, similar to the

older, simpler, instructions per second.

Cray Inc. is an American supercomputermanufacturerbased in Seattle, Washington.[1]

The company's

predecessor, Cray Research, Inc. (CRI), was founded in 1972 by computer designerSeymour Cray.

PMO steps in for Attappady tribes (PALSKKAD district in KERALA)

The Prime Ministers Office (PMO) has intervened in the problem of malnutrition deaths plaguing

the tribal belts of Attappady in Palakkad district in the State. (As many as 54 children have

reportedly died owing to malnutrition in the Attappady hills in the past 11 months.)

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Beypore port is a Sub-port ofKozhikodeport and is situated approximately 10 km south of Kozhikode. It is an

estuarine port, where Beypore river discharges into the Arabian Sea. Beypore is 180 km North of Cochin and

391 km away from Trivandrum. Beypore port is the second biggest port in Kerala after Cochin and currently

handles about 100,000 tones of cargo and 7500 passengers per annum. The nearest competing ports are

Kochi and Mangalore. Now the port has a depth of about 4 meters alongside wharf and approach channel and

it is proposed to be developed in stages and utilities like storage shed, cranes and tugs are already installed.

Beypore port is one of the oldest ports in Kerala from where trading was done to the Middle East.

Lokayukta courts cant act on private complaintssans sanction: HC

A big relief for elected representatives, bureaucrats and others

Public servants can heave a sigh of relief now. For, one cannot simply drag them to the SpecialLokayukta Courts citing corruption charges against them through a private complaint like what has

been done in cases of many Ministers, MLAs, and bureaucrats during the past three years.

The Karnataka High Court has now made it clear that the Special Lokayukta Courts in the State

cannot entertain private complaints, alleging offences under Sections 7, 10, 11, 13 and 15 of the

Prevention of Corruption (PC) Act, unless the complaint is accompanied with the sanction for

prosecution of public servants concerned under Section 19 (1) of the PC Act.

The High Court also declared that the Special Courts [established under PC Act], cannot even direct

the Lokayukta police to conduct an investigation under Section 156 (3) of the Code of Criminal

Procedure (Cr. PC) on the allegations made in the complaint sans sanction.

UK to go ahead with Rs 2.7 lakh visa bond

Under a pilot scheme, to be introduced in November, first-time visitors from six non-white

Commonwealth countries, including India, Pakistan and Bangladesh, will be required to deposit a

cash bond of 3,000 for a British visa. It will apply only to those seeking a six-month visitors visa.

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According to the government, these six countries pose the most significant risk of abuse of visas by

their citizens. Sri Lanka, Ghana and Nigeria are the other countries.

In the long run, we are interested in a system of bonds that deters overstaying and recovers costs ifa

foreign national has used our public services, the Home Office said.

British traders ire

On Saturday, the paper said that the u-turn had provoked anger in Britains business circles, who

described the plan as an insulting deterrent to wealthy tourists from countries like India and

Nigeria.

They are urging the government o drop the pilot, saying the restrictions will damage their business

if Commonwealth tourists, particularly Nigerians, now the sixth biggest spenders on luxury goods in

Britain, are put off, it said.

Meanwhile, the Home Office was accused of racism by the ruling coalitions own senior figures for

launching an advertising campaign telling illegal immigrants to go home or face arrest.

British Home Office says it was meant to target only high-risk applicants

Four Indian-American professors are among 13 mathematicians, theoretical physicists and

theoretical computer scientists selected for the Simons Investigators awards for their cutting-edge

research. Kannan Soundararajan, Rajeev Alur, Salil P. Vadhan and Senthil Todadri will receive

$1,00,000 a year for five years for long-term research.

FSI: authorities, planners warned

The Supreme Court has cautioned planners and the authorities against allowing builders to increasethe Floor Space Index (FSI) without taking into consideration the availability of adequate

infrastructure. The concept of FSI implies the buildable potential of a plot of land. The FSI to be

allowed must take into consideration the availability of civic infrastructure, including open spaces,

transport facilities, requirements for protection against fire, and water supply and sewerage as well

as electricity. An increase in FSI is likely to result into an increase in the density of population. FSI

has an important bearing on the quality of urban life. A relaxation of FSI norms or, as the case may

be, an enhancement of FSI by urban planners cannot be removed from the issue of adequacy, or as

the case may be, inadequacy of civic services.

The transportation system is plagued by inadequate capacity of the existing arterial roads,

overriding surface of the roads, traffic bottle-necks and over burdened suburban rail system. Thetraffic density at peak hours is 6 to 8 km per hour. All these aspects will have to be kept in mind

while examining the issues concerning recreational areas and traffic problems. The consequence is

that the schemes of reconstruction bring along more population and vehicles into an already

congested area. The question is whether such exemption is justified, valid and legal? When the cities

are overcrowded, the roads are narrow and the traffic is increasing, the situation will be extremely

hazardous for the children and senior citizens.

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There will be no greens in the buildings and the people will always crave for fresh and pure air. The

buildings without greens will add to the ever increasing temperature of the overcrowded cities and

urban areas. To put it differently, all constructions without adequate green and recreational areas

will have a serious impact on the environment and human life.

An increase in FSI is likely to resul t in to an increase in the density of population: JusticeSinghvi

Schemes of reconstruction br ing along more populati on and vehicles in to an al readycongested area: Bench

Agreement on Master Partnership signed for giantOptical Telescope

Canada, China, India, Japan and the U.S. sign the pact in Hawaii

Thirty Metre Telescope. Photo: Special Arrangement

Early on Friday, at about 8-30 a.m. India time, the Master Partnership Agreement (MPA) for the

construction of the $1.5-billion Thirty Metre Telescope (TMT), what would be the worlds largest

optical and infrared telescope, was signed by the five partner countries Canada, China, India,

Japan and the U.S. in Hawaii, the site for the proposed telescope. The in-principle approval of

Indias participation in the TMT project was accorded in 2010 itself (The Hindu , June 26, 2010).

India also hosted a meeting of the Board of Directors of the project in New Delhi which laid the road

map towards the TMT construction ( The Hindu , January 23). However, a go-ahead from the legal

section of the External Affairs Ministry to sign the MPA, which had to be done before the end of themonth, had not come in till Wednesday.

The Department of Science and Technology (DST), the main government agency coordinating the

Indian participation, immediately authorised P. Sreekumar, the Director of the Indian Institute of

Astrophysics (IIA), Bangalore, the nodal Indian institution, to sign the agreement and transmit it to

the ongoing meeting of the Board of Directors in Hawaii. The same was scanned and sent to B. Eswar

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Reddy of the IIA, one of the Indian representatives in the Board of Directors attending the current

meeting.

Besides the IIA, the other participating institutions in the TMT-India Programme are the Inter-

University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCCA), Pune, and the Aryabhatta Research

Institute of Observational Sciences (ARIES), Nainital. While the IUCAA functions under the UGC,the other two are under the DST.

With the signing of the MPA, India will be moving from its current observer status to a full-fledged

partner in the project and will be a member of what is called the TMT Collaborative Board. This

Board will eventually be replaced by a Governing Board, which will manage the TMT International

Observatory on behalf of its partners. We are part of every decision of the project development,

said Dr. Reddy. The next stage is signing of the same document by the financial authorities to move

forward with ground-breaking at Mauna Kea, Hawaii, the home for the TMT, he added. The

telescope will be located just below the summit at Mauna Kea at a height of 4,050 m.

The main promoters of this international project are Caltech and the University of California in the

U.S. and the Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy (ACURA), with China,

India and Japan providing additional financial and technical support in return for participation in its

construction and observation time. The construction is expected to begin next year and the telescope

is expected to become operational in 2022.

India is a 10 per cent partner in the project, which implies a financial commitment of about Rs. 1,000

crore. Much of Indias contribution will be in-kind. Indian institutes and the industry are

collaborating to build much of the telescopes control systems, whose estimated value is about Rs.

600 crore, said Dr. Reddy who is also the Programme Director for TMT-India. The DST and the

Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) will jointly fund the Indian component. According to the

arrangement, Indian astronomers will get observational time in proportion to Indias share in the

total project cost. It may be pointed out here that the financial sanction is yet to be obtained.According to T. Ramasami, Secretary, DST, the Finance Ministrys sanction will be needed only next

year.

At present, India has three 2 m class optical-IR telescopes and a 3.6 m telescope waiting to be

commissioned. The apertures of the current ground-based large optical-IR telescopes are in the 8-10

m range, though other bigger ones like the TMT are also on the anvil, the 39 m European Extremely

Large Telescope (E-ELT) in particular. Though the Indian astronomical community has been using

the existing 8-10 m class telescopes, such usage has largely been limited to individual efforts.

The TMT, which belongs to what are called the new technology telescopes, was proposed after the

enormous success of the first new technology telescope, the twin 10 m Keck telescope on Mauna Kea.The TMT will also be a segmented mirror telescope with its primary 30 m mirror made up of 492

hexagonal segments of 1.44 m each. Precisely aligned, these segments will work as a single reflective

surface of 30 m diameter. The TMT has a collecting area of 650 sq. m. and will have observational

windows from UV to mid-IR wavelengths (310 nanometres to 28 micrometres). Its large collecting

area makes it 81 times more sensitive (measure of the faintest signal that it can detect) than the

current largest ground-based telescopes.

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Ground-based telescope

Like all ground-based observatories, TMT is limited in spatial resolution by the atmospheric

turbulence. While the 30 m primary mirror builds on the technological and operational experience of

the Keck Telescope, it will be the first ground-based telescope to incorporate the technology of

Adaptive Optics (AO) as an integral component of the telescope. AO refers to systems designed tosense atmospheric turbulence in real time, make the appropriate corrections to the beam and enable

true image on the ground limited only by optical diffraction. The AO capability will enable the TMT

resolve objects by a factor of 3 better than the 10 m-class telescopes and 12 times better than the

Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

According to Dr. Reddy, Indias contributions will include fabrication of edge sensors, which sense

relative displacement of segments due to gravity and temperature while tracking objects in the sky.

This information is relayed to actuators which move the segments so that all the 492 segments act as

a single monolithic mirror to provide the best possible image of objects in the sky. India has the

responsibility to build the entire actuator system. The companies involved in the project include

General Optical Asia Ltd. (GOAL), Puducherry, Avasarala Technologies, Bangalore and Godrej,

Mumbai.

We have taken up prototype manufacture of both the edge sensors and actuators. The first batch of

them were made and passed rigorous tests at Jet Propulsion Lab (JPL). USA, said Dr. Reddy.

India designing mirror coating system

Godrej and Avasarala have taken up segment support assembly, a very complicated system on

which the primary mirror segments sit. Also, India is designing a mirror coating system and

exploring the possibilities of setting up a unit to polish 100 segments to the project, he added. India

may also provide a part of the 492 mirror segments.

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U.S. lawmakers have asked President Barack Obama to tell India that it should consider constructive

ways to address the deteriorating trade and investment climate, especially policies pertaining to

intellectual property rights violations.

In a June 18 letter, 171 Congressmen asked the President to ensure that these issues were raised at

the highest levels of the Indian government and they were a top priority at the coming U.S.-India

Strategic Dialogue and other bilateral and multilateral meetings. India is a highly valued strategic

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partner, and we support strong, continued growth in the trade and investment relationship. In an

effort to continue this positive trajectory, the Indian government should consider constructive ways

to address the deteriorating trade and investment climate in India.

Troubled by the growing trade imbalance, the lawmakers said that in the last year, Indian

policymakers and courts had taken a series of actions designed to block imports by forcing localproduction of a wide range of goods.

In particular, they were worried that the intellectual property (IP) climate had become increasingly

challenging. U.S. companies suffered a host of IP issues in information technology, renewable energy

and bio-pharmaceuticals. Last year, several bio-pharmaceutical companies had their patents revoked

inappropriately or their appeals denied by Indian courts to market a variety of life-saving drugs.

Furthermore, the government issued its first compulsory licence (CL) for a stage three liver and

kidney cancer drug. These actions by the Indian government greatly concern us because innovation

and the protection of IP are significant driving engines of the U.S. economy, the letter said.

The lawmakers said nearly 40 million workers, or 30 per cent of the U.S. workforce, were employed

directly or indirectly in IP-intensive industries. These industries would dictate U.S. success or failure

in the global marketplace, andwere increasingly important for the Indian economy, too. On a

bipartisan basis, we understand that the U.S. must demonstrate a strong leadership in protecting IP

rights and ensure that our trading partners pursue high standards of IP protection. The chilling

effect on global R&D investment, both in the U.S. and India, as a result of Indias IP policies, could

have a significant impact on jobs and investment in the U.S.

Furthermore, the letter said, India was a thought leader among emerging countries, and others had

started emulating its IP policies. The U.S. government must send out a strong signal to the Indian

government that these actions are inconsistent with Indias international obligations, set a bad

precedent, and undermine the culture of innovation that Prime Minister Manmohan Singh himself

has been promoting.

171 Congressmen

say Indias policies could have impact

on jobs and investment in U.S.

60th anniversary of Korean war marked amiduncertain peaceLess than forty eight hours after the collapse of talks between South and North Korea over the re-

opening of the Kaesong industrial estate, seen as a ray of hope for a possible re-unification of the two

countries, the two sides marked the 60th anniversary of the armistice that ended the devastating

1950-53 Korean War in total contrast.

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Foreign exchange reserves decline to $279.20 billionIndias foreign exchange reserves dipped by $985 million to $279.20 billion during the week ended

July 19, the Reserve Bank of India said in its weekly statistical supplement.