6th grade ubd - unit 6 - greek cultural achievements
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Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle- Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle each developed distinctive philosophies.
They were similar to and different from other
philosophies.
Achievements of the Ancient Greeks- The ancient
Greeks were responsible for many cultural
achievements. These influenced societies around
them as well as future civilizations.
Alexander the Great- Alexander the Great
conquered the Persian Empire. He spread Greek ideas
and culture.
Reach Into Your Background
Plays were an important
part of Greek culture. A
play is a form of
literature written by a
playwright, usually
consisting of scripted
dialogue between
characters that is
intended for
performance. What are
the names of some
plays you know about? (
5 minutes)
Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your answer with theirs. What things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)
Key Term
Amphitheate
r- A round or
oval building,
typically
unroofed, with
a central
space for the
presentation
of dramatic
events.
Key Idea- Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
The philosophies of Socrates, Plato, and
Aristotle greatly influenced political and
cultural life in ancient Greece. These
philosophies were passed on through
the ages. They influenced leaders
throughout Western history.
The Golden Age of Greece
During the classical
period of ancient Greece
(about 479–323 BCE),
philosophy, literature,
architecture, and
sculpture flourished.
As a result, this period
came to be known as the
Golden Age of Greece.
The Golden Age of Greece
Philosophy, the search for
wisdom became an
important part of life in
Athens.
Greeks built palaces and
temples that still stand. The
influence of their
architecture and sculpture
can be seen in many modern
buildings and works of art.
Key Term
Socrates- A
ancient Greek
philosopher
who lived in
Athens during
its Golden Age
teacher of
Plato.
Socrates
Socrates, the famous Greek
philosopher and teacher,
developed a method of
teaching that involved
asking questions and
engaging people in
debate.
This approach came to be
called the Socratic method.
Socrates
Over the years,
Socrates attracted
many followers.
However, his
teaching often
opposed commonly
held beliefs of Greek
society and offended
powerful Athenians.
Socrates
Eventually, Socrates was
tried in court, convicted
of treason, and executed.
Socrates did not write
down his own ideas, but
many of his followers
wrote about him and his
teachings.
These writings influenced
many thinkers throughout
the ages.
Plato
Plato was
Socrates’s most
important student.
He established a
school called the
Academy that
provided instruction
in mathematics,
science, and
philosophy.
Plato
He also wrote a series of
dialogues, which often
depicted Socrates debating
moral and ethical issues.
These works criticized
popular views on concepts
like justice, courage, and
moderation.
Plato
One of Plato’s
most famous
dialogues is a
work called
the Republic, whic
h describes an
ideal state.
Key Term
Aristotle- One
of the greatest
of the ancient
Athenian
philosophers;
pupil of Plato;
teacher of
Alexander the
Great.
Aristotle
Plato also had a
famous student,
Aristotle, who
analyzed the process
of logical thinking and
wrote books on many
topics, including
forms of government.
Aristotle
Aristotle thought that monarchies,
aristocracies, and democracies all had serious
flaws.
Because of this, he reasoned that a
constitutional monarchy would work best.
With this type of government, a constitution
limits the power of the monarch.
Key Ideas- Achievements of the Ancient Greeks
The ancient Greeks developed the first version of
democracy.
The ancient Greeks developed a complex mythology. It
shaped Roman mythology.
The Olympic Games began in ancient Greece.
The Greek language forms the basis of many English
words.
Homer wrote the epic poems the Iliad and Odyssey.
Greek drama included comedy and tragedy.
Achievements of the Ancient Greeks
Ancient Greek thinkers were not just philosophers.
For generations, Greeks had traded with many
civilizations. They traded with Egyptians,
Phoenicians, Mesopotamians, and others.
From these groups, the Greeks adopted an alphabet.
They made coins. They learned innovations. As
Greek influence grew, Greek ideas led to innovations
in other societies. These ideas spread throughout the
region.
Math
Pythagoras, a
mathematician and
philosopher, developed
what has come to be
called the Pythagorean
Theorem, an important
and well-known
mathematical
equation.
Pythagorean Theorem
This famous equation, a2
+ b2 = c2, shows the
relationship between the
sides of a right triangle.
It is still used in geometry
today.
People use it to calculate
everything from the
heights of tall buildings to
the diagonal on a TV
screen.
Key Term
Hippocrates-
Medical
practitioner
who is
regarded as
the father of
medicine;
author of the
Hippocratic
oath.
Science
Hippocrates was a doctor
who lived during the
Classical period.
He studied the causes of
diseases and their
possible cures.
He also wrote about the
roles and responsibilities
of doctors to their
patients.
Science
In one work,
Hippocrates wrote
an oath. Those
who took the oath
swore to protect
patients from
harm. They swore
to live an ethical
life.
Science
Today, doctors still
make a similar
pledge. It is called
the Hippocratic Oath.
They make this
pledge before they
are licensed to
practice medicine.
Architecture
One of the best examples
of Greek architecture is the
Parthenon, a temple
dedicated to the goddess
Athena.
Ancient Greek architecture
has had a significant
impact on Western
architecture.
Art
During the
classical period,
the ancient
Greeks also
developed
sculptures that
were natural
and lifelike.
Religion in Ancient Greece
The ancient Greeks
practiced
polytheism, or the
belief in many gods.
They believed in 12
major gods and
goddesses, known
as the Olympians.
Religion in Ancient Greece
The Greeks also
believed that their
gods and
goddesses could
speak through
certain human
priests and
priestesses known
as oracles.
Religion in Ancient Greece
The Greeks consulted
these oracles for advice
in making decisions.
The Greeks thought that
their gods and
goddesses were involved
in their daily lives and
sometimes controlled
events.
Religion in Ancient Greece
Ancient Greek
religious beliefs
also informed their
myths, or stories
about heroes and
gods that
explained the
world around them
and human
behavior.
Religion in Ancient Greece
The mythology of
ancient Greece
impacted other
societies in its own
time, and still
influences world
literature today.
The Olympics
The ancient Greeks created the
Olympics, an athletic competition that
was part of a religious festival
honoring the god Zeus.
At first, the games only involved
running a race. Later, other events
were added, including longer races,
javelin throwing, and jumping.
The Olympics
After Rome conquered
Greece, the Romans banned
the games in 393 CE.
However, they were
revived in 1896 with the
first modern Olympic games
in Athens.
Since then, the Games have
become one of the most
important international
athletic events in the world.
Language and Literature
Literature was an
important element of
Greek culture.
The ancient Greeks
wrote many types of
literature but were
most well known for
their poetry and
drama.
Language and Literature
The poet Homer is
believed to have
written the Iliad and
the Odyssey, two epic
poems. The ancient
Greeks also wrote
plays, including
tragedies and
comedies.
Language and Literature
The Greek
language has
had a significant
impact on
English.
Many English
words are
derived from
Greek words.
Language and Literature
English also uses Greek
word parts to create
words that did not exist
in ancient Greek, such
as telephone and teles
cope (using the Greek
prefix tele-, which
means farseeing).
Key Ideas- Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great won a series of victories over
the Persian army. He gained control of the Persian
Empire.
Alexander helped the cultural exchange between
the Macedonians and the Persians.
Alexander conquered lands in Asia. The conquests
of Alexander spread Greek ideas and culture
throughout these lands.
The conquests of Alexander caused Greek and
Asian cultures to mix.
Key Term
Alexander the
Great- was a
king of
Macedonia, an
area just north of
Greece, in the
300s BCE. He is
known as one of
the greatest
military leaders
and conquerors
the world has
ever known.
Alexander the Great
In 336 BCE,
Alexander the
Great became
king of
Macedonia, a
northern Greek
state. Alexander
had been a
student of
Aristotle’s.
Alexander the Great
From his base in Greece, he
conquered many lands and
defeated the Persian
Empire, creating a great
empire.
By 331 BCE, Alexander had
conquered present-day
Turkey, the east coast of
the Mediterranean, and
Egypt.
Alexander the Great
Alexander went on to
conquer Babylon, Susa, and
Persepolis.
During the fighting, Darius
III of Persia was killed and
Alexander became the
undisputed king of Asia.
However, Alexander failed
to set up a stable
government.
Cultural Impact of Alexander the Great
After his sudden death in 323 BCE, at age 32, his
empire broke apart into several states. But
Alexander’s conquests had a lasting effect on the
world, as Greek ideas, architecture, and culture
spread throughout the Asian lands he conquered.
In return, Asian ideas and culture influenced Greece.
This intermingling of Greek and Asian cultures
produced a unique civilization called the Hellenistic
Civilization.
Independent Activity
What has been the
“muddiest” point so
far in this lesson? That
is, what topic remains
the least clear to you?
(4 minutes)