6713

Extrait des Annales de la Societe Royale Zoologique de BelgigueTome 101, 1971, fasc. 1-2, pp. 65 a 75

4=T [Communication re^zie Ie 8 fevrier 1971.)

TURBELLARIES POLYCYSTIDIDAEVhaaMJnstituutyB^i^nELLARlA, KALYPTORHYNGHIA)

MmulatttfHFROM THE MARSEILLE-AREA

II. GALLORHYNGHUS SIMPLEX N.G.N.SP.AND G. MEDITERRANEUS N.SP.

Ernest E. SCHOCKAEBT and Michel BRUNETInstituut voor Dierkunde Laboratoire de Biologie Animale,

Rijksuniversiteit Gent Faculte des Sciences St. Charles,(Belgium Marseille (France)

^ /

RESUME

Deux nouvelles especes de Polycystides sont decrites pour lesquellesil est cree Ie nouveau genre Gallorhynchus. Elles ont. ete recoltees enMediterranee, dans la region de Marseille (France).

Le conduit femelle est un ductus uterocoirLmunis. Les gonades sontimpaires. L'appareil genital male possede une partie prostatique inter -calee dans Ie calcul genital male, tandis qu'une vesicule prostatique libremanque. L'appareil cuticulair est constitne de deux stylets concentriques.Choz Gallorhynchus simplex n.sp., Ie stylet exterieur de 190 [JL est garnide rayures spiralees. II n'y a pas d'organe cuticulaire accessoire.

Chez Gallorhynchus mediterraneus n.sp., les deux stylets sont lisses;leur longueur est de 220 y.. Un organe euticulaire accessoire est present .

Les relations systematiques du nouveau genre sont indiquees.

ABSTRACT

Two new species of Polycystidids are described and a newgenus is proposed to contain these species. The systematicposition in the family is indicated.

INTRODUCTION

The two new species, for which we propose the new genusGallorhynchus, have been collected and studied alive by one of

^1

66 ERNEST E. SCHOCKAEET AND MIOHBL BRUNET

us (M.B.), while the anatomical investigations on preservedmaterial were made by the other author (E.R.8.).

A first contribution on polystidid species from this area hasbeen made by BRUNET (1969).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The two species belong to the mesopsammal fauna, and havebeen collected near Marseille (France), mostly in the so-calledAmphioxus-sand of this area. The description and precise situa-tion of the habitats has been given earlier (BRUNET, 1969,p. 208-210 and fig. 1). The material was fixed in formol-sublimateacetic acid; the sections were stained with Heidenhain's iron -hematoxylin of Ehriich's hematoxylin, using eosin as counter-stain. Total preparations have partly been studied with theinterference fasecontras-t microscope.

Type material is in deposition at the Swedish Museum ofNatural History, Section for Invertebrate Zoology, Stockholm,Sweden.

DIAGNOSIS OF THE NEW GENUS GALLOBHYNCHUS

Polycystididae with male oopulatory organ with interposedseminal bulb (conjuncta type, see KARLING, 1965, p. 189, 190),.without free prostatic vesicle, the cuticular apparatus consistingof two concentrio stylets. Seminal vesicle and gonads unpaired.Female canal is a ductus uterocommunis.

Type species : Gallorhynchus simplex n.sp.

SPECIES DESCRIPTIONS

GaUorhynchus simplex n. sp. (Figs. 1-8)

Distribution :

1. Between the island of Jarre and the coast, on the « Plateaudes Chevres » (Station 10, 8-10 m), Amphioxus-sand, 3.2.66and 28.2.67 (Type locality).

POLYCYSTIDIDAE FROM MAESE1LLE 67

2. Between the islands of Riou and Plane (statioxi 16, 18-20 m),Amphioxus-sand, 23,5.64.

3. Near the island of Ratonneau (Station 9, 14-16 m), Amphio-xus-sand, 27.4.66 and 30.12.66.

4. S.E. of the island of Pomegues, coarse sand mixed with mud(Station 12, 35 m), 27.4.66.

5. Near the island of Plane (Station 18, 16 m), fine sand, 15.1.68and 5.5.70.

Material : Several animals studied alive. Two total prepara-J,

tions (one of them. designed as holotype). Two sectioned speci-mens.

External characters. Animals about 1-1,7 mm long, colourlessand more or less filiform. No eyes. Excretory apparatus notobserved.

Body wall. Epithelium with the usual syncytial appearance,2,5 [L high. with. lobate nuclei. Ciliation 2 ^i high. Rb.abditesabsent.

Proboscis. The proboscis is relatively large (Fig. 4) with bulband cone of nearly equel size in the living animal. In the totalpreparation, the bulb was however much smaller due to thecontraction of its muscles (Fig. 1). Its diameter is about 80 [Land no nuclei were seen inside. In the total preparation, theapex is clearly visible but, it was not observed in the livingmaterial. The muscles inserting on the bulb are : three pairsof retractors plus two small latero-ventral retractors, the sixrows of fixators and some delicate protractors.

One dorsal and one ventral pair of integument-retractorsare also present. Proboscis retractors and integument retractorsinsert on the body wall in the neighbourhood of the ovary,except the small lateroventral retractors; they insert near thepharynx.

The epithelium of the wall of the probosciscavity is extremelythin and was only observed in the proximal and the very distalpart of the cavity. An interesting feature is the prescence of4 (5?) nuclei in the cavity epithelium at the junction (Fig. 3).

68 ERNEST B. SCHOCKAERT AND MICHEL BBL'NET

In the cross sectioned animal they had a very elongated shape.More or less alternating with the position of these nuclei, thebasement membrane seems to be interrupted (Fig. 2).

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Figs. 1-3. - Gallorhynchus simplex1. Proboscis from total preparation. 2-3. Horizontal sections of the

proboscis at the junction of basal cone and cavity epithelium.

The cavity is surrounded by circular muscles, replaced byfine longitudinal ones in its distal part. The basal glandularepithelium is very high and filled with strongly basophiloussecretiondroplets; the apical sensorial epithelium has a morehomogeneous aspect, strongly folded in the sections.

The pharynx, 50 p. in diameter is situated just in front of thebody middle and slightly directed forewords. The proximalopening shows the four cuticular knobs, typical for Polycystidi-dae. The epithelium surrounding the lumen bears a gurdle of4 nuclei in its middle.

Reproductive system. The gonads are impaired, laying in a posi-tion as shown in Fig. 4. The common genital pore has a caudal

POLYCYSTIDLDAB FROM MABSEILLJi 69

subterminal) position. Very small eosinophilous secretion drop-lets enter the genital canal (Fig. 5). The genital atrium is prac-tically inexistant.

Female atrial organs (Figs. 4-5). All female organs communicatewith the genital pore by a ductus uterocommunis. This duct islined with a high and rather basophilous epithelium withnumerous large nuclei. The surrounding muscles are circularin the proximal part and longitudinal in the distal one. Ventrally -y<

the uterus stalk enters this duct. Dorsally (and slightly on theright) the oviduct enters the ductus uterocom.munis; it is astrom.atic tissue which is continuous at one end with the epi-thelium. of the ductus uterocommunis and at the other end with

the tunica propria of the ovary. The oviduct is joined by thevitelloduct dorsally. In its dorsal area the stroma is connectedwith the bursa by a very weakly cuticularized spermatic duct.A.t the entrance of the spermatic duct, a kind of seminal^_

receptable is differentiated in the bursa tissue. It is surroundedby a strongly basophilous cellmass with numerous large nuclei.

Male atrial organs (Figs. 4-8). The unpaired seminal vesicleis a large bag just behind the pharynx. It is lined with a nucleatedflattened epithelium and surrounded by a spiralised muscle-layer. A rather long and narrow tube, the seminal duct, connectsseminal vesicle with the subspheric seminal bulb. Inside thisseminal bulb the spermcanal remains clearly visible. Only onekind of prostatic secretions is present, and the prostatic glandsdischarge through pores next to the entrance of the seminalduct. Cellparts with nuclei were observed here, probably intra-capsular parts of the prostatic glands. The seminal vesicle issurrounded by a strong and spiralised muscle layer. An otherlong and narrow section of the seminal duct leads from. theseminal bulb to the cuticular stylet. In the proximal funnel ofthe cuticular organ, cellparts with about four nuclei are present;they evidently belong to the epithelium of the seminal duct.The cuticular apparatus itself consists of two concentrio stylets(Fig. 6-8). The external stylet, measuring 190 ^ is ornamentedwith spirally arranged edges (Fig. 7-8). Proximally, both styletsgrow wider to form a funnel and are sticked together at their

70 ERNEST E. SCHOCKAEET ANB MTCHEL BEUN£TI

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Figs. 4-8. Gallorhynchus simplex4. General organisation in ventral view (from living material). 5. Sagital

reconstruction of the genital apparatus (from the left). 6. Cuticular

organ. - 7. Detail of the cuticular organ. 8. Transverse section of thecuticular organ.

71POLYCYSTIDIDA'E FROM MABSBILLE

most proximal border. In the most distal section on the otherhand, the internal stylet could not be followed anymore, whilethe external one forms a hook.

The whole cuticular organ lies in a narrow canal, apparentlywithout epithelium, and is enclosed by a strongly spiral musclesheath. Distally the muscle fibers spread out and insert on thebodywall in the neighbourhood of the genital pore.

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Diagnosis. Gallorhynchus-species with cuticular organ consis-ting of two concentric stylets, 190 ^ long, the outer one withspirally arranged edges and forming a. hook in its distal part.No accessory cuticular organ present.

Gallorhynchzis mediterraneus n. sp. (Figs. 9-10)

Distribution :

1. Amphioxus-sand of the « Plateau des Chevres » (station 10,see G. simplex), 3.2.66 and 27.4.66 (Type locality).

2. Fine sand, near the island of Plane (Station 18), 25.4.68.3. Coarse sand with mud, at S.E. of the island of Pomegues

(Station 12 et 13, 35 m), 27.4.66 and 26.7.66.Material. Several animals studied alive. Four total preparations1

(one of them holotype). Two specimen sectioned (one of themimmature on slide).

External characters. Animals about 1 mm long. colourless and-without eyes. No observations on the excretory apparatus.

Epidermis as in Gallorhynchus simplex, 4 [i high., cilia 3 [L.No rhabdites.

Proboscis. The proboscis is extremely delicate, less than 20 y.diameter when strongly contracted. New material is requiredin & I/

to give detailed information on its anatomy. We could only&

establish the presence of the six rows of the fixator-system.No nuclei were observed at the junction of the cavity epitheliumand the basal epithelium of the cone as in G. simplex. No distinctapex was seen neither in the living nor in the preserved materialProboscis retractors and integument retractors are well developedbut difficult to number

72 ERNEST E. SCHOCKAERT AND MTCHEL BxlUNET

Pharynx. The pharynx is about 35 ^ in diameter, with thefour cuticular knobs at its proximal opening and four nucleiin the middle of the lumen epit.helium. As in G. simplex thepharynx is situated just before the body centre and slightlydirected forewa.rds.

Reproductive system. The whole organisation of the genitalapparatus is quite the same as in G. simplex. We ghall onlymention here the main differences between the two species;these differences all concern the male atrial organs. The seminal

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the male copulatory organ. 11. Distal part of the seminal bulb in theimmature individual. 12. Cuticular apparatus. 13. Detail of thecuticular apparatus (distal part).

POLYCYSTIDIDAE FBOM MAR8EILLE 73

bulb is more elongated in this species compared with the firstone the intracapsular parts of the prostatic gla.nds being rela-tively larger. These cellparts were not present tn the youngsectioned animal. As a whole the seminal bulb was uncompleteh Ta

formed in this individual. On the other hand, large nucleatedcellparts were here observed at the distal pore. The meaningof these remains obscure (parts of the epithelium of the seminalduct?). The most striking difference between both species canbe found in the structure of the cuticular organ. The two con-centric stylets (220 pi) are present, but the outer one lacks theornamentation. of spiral edges (Fig. 12). On the contrary, anaccessory cuticular organ is present (59 p.) (Figs 12-13). Styletand accessory cuticular organ are not rigidly connected. Themuscle coat afound the cuticularized parts is distally difFeren-tiated in a retractor and a flexor for the accessory cuticulai t

organ (Fig. 10).

Diagnosis. Gallorhynchus-species with. two smooth concentricstylets (220 y.) and an accessory cuticular organ (59 pi).

DISCUSSION

Gallorhynchus n.g. is supposed to be related to the species-group composed by Neopolycystis tridentata, Scanorhynchus limo-pMhis, S. forcipatus and Danorhynchns gosoeensis (all species : *

KABLING, 1955). Also Annulorhynchus adriaticus KARLING, 1956,is introduced in this species group. We consider Gallorhynchnsmediterraneus as a (e.g.) Scanorhynchus-\ike polycystid in whichthe free prostatic is regressed. In Gallorhynchus simplex theaccessory cuticular organ has disappeared as well. Moreover, allthese species have impaired gonads (except the testes in Neo-polycystis trdeintata KABLING, 1955 and Danorhynchus gosoeensisKABLING, 1955), and have a comparable organisation of thefemale organs.

ABBREVIATIONS IN THE FIGURES

ag atrial glandsb bursa

74 ERNEST B. SCHOCKAEBT AND MICHEL BRVNET

cm circular musclesco copulatory organds seminal duct

fd female duct (ductns uterocommunis)fix fixator of the proboscisgep glandular epithelium of proboscisgg prostatic glandsgp common genital poreir integument retractorIS internal stylet1m longitudinal musclesn nucleus

ov ovary

p proboscispb proboscis bulbpc probosciscavityph pharynxpr protractorr retractor of proboscissb seminal bulb

sep sensorial epithelium of probosciss styletss accessory cuticular organte testis

ut uterus

vd vitellaryvs seminal vesicle

SUMMARY

Two new species of Polycystididae from the french area of the Mediter-anean. sea are described and included in the new genus. Qallorhynchus.r

The female duct is a ductus uterocommunis, the gonade are unpaired.The male copulatory organ has an interposed prostatic part and no freeprostatic vesicle. The cuticular apparatus consists of two concentricstylets.

In Gallorhynchus simplex n. sp. the outer stylet is ornamentated withspirally arranged edges and 190 y. long. An accessory cuticular organis lacking.

POLYCYSTIDIDAE FEOM MARSEILLE 75

In Gallorhynchus mediterraneus n. sp. the stylets are smooth, the outer220 [i long. An accessory cutioular organ is present. The systematicposition of the new genus is discussed.

REFERENCES

BBUNET, M. (1969). Turbellaries Polycystidae de la region de Marseille.I. Le genre Rogneda. Bull. Soc. Zool. Fr., 94, 2, 207-222.

KABUNG, T. G. (1955). Studien iiber Kalyptohynchien (Turbellaria).V. Der Verwandtsehaftskreis van Gyratrix Ehrenberg. Acta Zool.Fenn., 88, 1-39.

KABUNG, T. G. (1956). Morphologisch-histologische Untersuchungenan des mannliohen Atrialorganen der Kalyptorhynohia (Turbellaria).Ark. Zool., N.S., 9, 3, 187-279.