6705 302 ppt4_access equipment, supports bracings

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Level 3 Diploma in Bricklaying

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Unit 302: Repair and maintain masonry structures

Access equipment Temporary supports and bracings Removing masonry



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Introduction Session aims

By the end of this unit you will be able to:

• identify safety checks for access equipment

• explain methods of providing temporary supports and bracings while carrying out maintenance and repair

• describe ways of removing existing masonry and components from masonry structures.



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Identifying safety checks for access equipment Working at height Repairing and maintaining masonry structures can take place at any point in the building and, in many cases, at height. It is therefore vital that you have a good grasp of health and safety measures regarding the safe use of working platforms. It is important that: •access equipment is checked regularly for faults and deterioration

•records are made of safety checks and any faults recorded

•faulty access equipment is taken out of action immediately then destroyed to prevent others from using it.

© Shutterstock | Paul D Smith



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Ladders

Safety checks Before using a ladder, check that: • no rungs are missing or damaged

• all tie rods are in place

• the stiles are not damaged

• there is no twisting or warping

• there is no impact damage or dents

Note that wooden ladders should not be painted

© ToolStation.com



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Safety checks Before using a wood stepladder, check: • for loose screws, nuts, bolts and hinges

• that the tie ropes are in good condition and not frayed

• for splits or cracks in the stiles and that the treads are not loose or split

• that the ground is firm and even

• that the steps are fully open

Never work off the top tread of a step ladder and never use a ladder on top of another platform to gain additional height. Avoid working close to live electricity supplies as aluminium will conduct electricity.

Stepladders

© Wickes.co.uk



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Extension ladders Safety checks Extension ladders have two or more interlocking lengths. This is for convenient storage or to help slide the ladder apart to the desired length when in use. Safety checks should be made in the same way as you would when checking normal ladders. Pay particular attention to the holding mechanism that supports the ladder where the extension joins together When using ladders follow manufacturers’ guidelines. In general, there should be a minimum of three rungs of overlap between each section of the ladder.

© ToolStation.com



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Safety checks As with stepladders, ensure that the trestle is placed on firm and level ground. • Ensure that the correct pins are in place; never

use nails to adjust the height.

• Trestles should not be placed more than 1.2m apart.

• Ensure that scaffold boards are not split, warped or twisted.

• There should be a minimum of four scaffold boards on the working platform.

Trestles

© Wickes.co.uk



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Safety checks • Only a fully trained, competent, carded scaffolder is allowed to erect

or alter scaffolding.

• Although you are not allowed to alter a scaffold you must always give it a visual check before using it.

• Check that the scaffold is safe to use: Are there any signs telling you that the scaffolding is incomplete or unsafe?

• Ensure any scaffolding is not overloaded.

• Are there adequate guard rails and toe boards?

• Keep the scaffold clean and uncluttered.

Independent scaffolding

© Shutterstock | Paul D Smith



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Towers Safety checks

•Always follow manufacturers guidelines when erecting tower scaffolds.

•Any working platform above 2m high should always be fitted with toe boards and guard rails. Ensure guard rails are used below this height if there is a risk of falling onto something.

•Ensure guard rails and toe boards are fitted to all sides of platform.

•950mm is the minimum permissible height of guard rails.

•Follow manufacturer’s guidance on when to secure tower scaffolds and on height restrictions.

•Never walk up outside of a tower; always use the ladders on the inside.

© Wickes.co.uk



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Hop-ups Safety checks You should carry out a visual check to ensure the hop-up is not damaged. The base should be a minimum of 600 x 500mm and should be of sturdy construction. Do not use milk crates and other similar items as they are not designed to take your weight. Be mindful of over-reaching.

© Wickes.co.uk



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Roof ladders Safety checks

• As with all ladders, roof ladders should only be used for short duration work.

• Visual safety checks should be carried out in much the same way as you would with normal ladders.

• Pay particular attention to ensuring that the hooking bar that goes over the roof is secure and that the wheels are in good working order.

© screwfix.com



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Mobile elevated working platforms (MEWP) Safety checks •You must be fully trained and competent to use and check this piece of equipment. •There should always be a recorded program of daily checks. •Regular servicing should take place in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. •Operators must always report any defects immediately and the machine should be taken out of service until checked by a specialist.

© hss.com



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Providing temporary support Shoring

To prevent the possible collapse of a building while demolition work is being carried out it is essential to provide temporary support to prevent collapse of a structure. Before carrying out any demolition work you should always seek planning permission from the local authority planning department.

Dead shores

These are used to support a vertical loading from the structure above while work is being carried out below. Such work could include the removal of a wall to form part of a door opening.

© Shutterstock | Pavel L Photo and Video



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Dead Shoring – positioning of props Needles

Props

Joists running parallel the wall Where joists run parallel to a wall it will be necessary to place metal needles through the wall above the opening to support the structure above. Small steel RSJs can be inserted through the wall above the opening and supported on both sides of the wall by adjustable props (see picture).

Needle through wall

Adjustable prop

Scaffold board

Wall

© hss.com

© concerca.com



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Positioning of props Joists running directly into the wall props should be placed onto a scaffold board on the floor to prevent sliding. The board should extend past the opening by at least 1m. A second scaffold board sits on top of the props in line with the scaffold board on the floor, also extending 1m past the opening in line with the floorboards above spanning the joists to be supported. Props are placed at a maximum of 1.5m apart, plumbed up straight and tightened. Both sides of the wall must be supported with props.

© concerca.com



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Removal of debris

Elephant chute Waste skip

Remember to protect the general public from dust and debris when removing waste and segregate waste where possible to protect the environment.

© Shuttesrtock | Stephen Rees

© hss.com



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Any questions?

6705 302 ppt4_access equipment, supports bracings

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