6:3 i. towards a new government. disputes between the states causes: 1. suspicion & rivalry 2....
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6:3 I. Towards a New
Government
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Disputes between the statesCauses:
1. suspicion & rivalry2. postwar depression3. weak central government
Effects:1. boundary disputes2. states taxed goods from other states3. different currencies led to trade problems4. Shay’s Rebellion5. secession talks
American’s realize after 5 years that change is needed!!!
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A. Congress calls a meeting in Philadelphia
a. May 1787: Constitutional Conventionb. Purpose: revise Articles of Confederation
B. Attendees:a. 55 delegates: lawyers, judges, well educated and experienced politicians.b. George Washington – President c. James Madison – “Father of the Constitution”d. Alexander Hamiltone. Benjamin Franklin- (oldest delegate)
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C. Absenteesa. John Adams, Jefferson – in Europe as diplomatsb. Sam Adams, Patrick Henry,- opposed changing Art. Of Conf.
D. Meetings were private & details kept from public.
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II. Conflicts and Compromise“Bundle of Compromises!”A. Problem: Representation in
Congressa. Virginia Plan-
i. Written by James Madison ii. Supported by LARGE
statesiii. Proposed representation
based on population.
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The Virginia Plan—continued
The Virginia Plan called for... New government with 3 separate
branches (legislative, judicial, & executive)
Bicameral legislature – Representation based on population or upon how much money it gave in support of the central government.
Lower House – House of Rep. elected by popular vote from each State.
Upper House – Senate Chosen by the House from a list of nominations.
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b. New Jersey Plan- i. Written by William Patersonii. Supported by SMALL statesiii. Proposed equal representation in
Congressiv. Retain unicameral legislatures v. All states equal representation
vi. Limited powers to tax & regulate trade between states
vii. Federal Executive-Selected by Congressviii. Federal Judiciary- Selected by the
Executive
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c. Solution: THE GREAT COMPROMISEAlso known as the CT Plan
i. Representation in the lower house (House of Representation) based on populationii. Representation in upper house (Senate) is equal = all states get 2 each
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B. Problem: Do slaves count for representation/taxation?a. North – NO for representation, YES for taxesb. South – YES for representation, NO for
taxes.c. Solution: 5 slaves = 3 people for representation & taxes.
“THREE FIFTHS COMPROMISE”
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C. Problem : Importation of Slavesa. North – NOb. South – YESc. Solution: Slave importation could
continue for 20 more years (End in 1808)
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D. Taxation of Imports/Exportsa. Agricultural States – NOb. Manufacturing States- YESc. Solution: Congress can tax imports
but NOT exports.
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III. New Power of Congress
A. Levy & collect taxesB. Regulate foreign and interstate
commerceC. Coin $
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IV. Establishment of Executive Branch
A. Single executive w/ a 4 year term chosen by state electors.
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V. Establishment of a Judicial Branch
A. Supreme Court & power to create other courts established.
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VI. Ratification of the Constitution
A. NINE states required for ratification.a. Difficulty obtaining states’ approval.b. “Federalists”- supporters of the Constitution
i. Believed in Federalism (system in which power is shared by central & state governments).ii. Promised amendments would be added.iii. Published “The Federalist Papers”
I. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
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c. “Anti-Federalists”-opposed the Constitutioni. Patrick Henry, Sam Adams, John Hancockii. Central government too much poweriii. No mention of God in documentiv. Failed to protect basic libertiesv. Wanted to maintain status quo
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B. By July 1788, the Constitution was ratified by 9 states!!!! New government is launched!