6202.0 labour force, australia (aug 2014)...jul 14 to jul 2014 aug 2014 aug 14 k e y f i g u r e s...

pts0.4 pts0.465.264.9Participation rate (%)

pts0.3 pts–0.36.16.4Unemployment rate (%)

%7.9–33.5755.1788.5Unemployed persons ('000)

%2.2121.011 703.511 582.5Employed persons ('000)

Seasonally Adjusted

pts0.1 pts0.165.064.9Participation rate (%)

pts0.5 pts0.16.26.1Unemployment rate (%)

%10.28.0764.1756.1Unemployed persons ('000)

%1.518.711 638.411 619.8Employed persons ('000)

Trend

Aug 13 toAug 14

Jul 14 toAug 14Aug 2014Jul 2014

K E Y F I G U R E S

T R E N D E S T I M A T E S ( M O N T H L Y C H A N G E )

! Employment increased to 11,638,400.

! Unemployment increased to 764,100.

! Unemployment rate increased 0.1 pts to 6.2%.

! Participation rate increased 0.1 pts to 65.0%.

! Aggregate monthly hours worked increased 3.2 million hours (0.2%) to 1,613.6 million

hours.

S E A S O N A L L Y A D J U S T E D E S T I M A T E S ( M O N T H L Y C H A N G E )

! Employment increased 121,000 to 11,703,500. Full-time employment increased 14,300 to

8,094,300 and part-time employment increased 106,700 to 3,609,200.

! Unemployment decreased 33,500 to 755,100. The number of unemployed persons

looking for full-time work decreased 24,600 to 541,000 and the number of unemployed

persons only looking for part-time work decreased 8,900 to 214,100.

! Unemployment rate decreased 0.3 pts to 6.1%.

! Participation rate increased 0.4 pts to 65.2%.

! Aggregate monthly hours worked increased 0.1 million hours to 1 ,609.5 million hours.

L A B O U R U N D E R U T I L I S A T I O N ( Q U A R T E R L Y C H A N G E )

! Trend estimates: The labour force underutilisation rate increased to 14.3%.

! Seasonally adjusted estimates: The labour force undertuilisation rate increased 1.0 pts to

14.6%. The male labour force underutilisation rate increased 1.0 pts to 12.7%. The female

labour force underutilisation rate increased 1.0 pts to 16.9%.

K E Y P O I N T S

E M B A R G O : 1 1 . 3 0 A M ( C A N B E R R A T I M E ) T H U R S 1 1 S E P 2 0 1 4

LABOUR FORCE A U S T R A L I A

6202.0A U G U S T 2 0 1 4

For further informationabout these and relatedstatistics, contact theNational Information andReferral Service on1300 135 070, [email protected] Labour Force onCanberra (02) 6252 6525,[email protected].

Employed Persons

Aug2013

Nov Feb2014

May Aug

'000

11220

11340

11460

11580

11700

11820TrendSeas adj.

Unemployment Rate

Aug2013

Nov Feb2014

May Aug

%

5.6

5.8

6.0

6.2

6.4

6.6TrendSeas adj.

I N Q U I R I E S

w w w . a b s . g o v . a u

12 March 2015February 2015

12 February 2015January 2015

15 January 2015December 2014

11 December 2014November 2014

6 November 2014October 2014

9 October 2014September 2014

RELEASE DATEISSUEFO R T H C O M I N G I S S U E S

Jo n a t h a n Pa l m e r

Ac t i n g Au s t r a l i a n S t a t i s t i c i a n

0.8 ptsto0.0 pts0.4 ptsParticipation rate0.1 ptsto–0.7 pts–0.3 ptsUnemployment rate4 300to–71 300–33 500Total Unemployment

178 600to63 400121 000Total Employment

95% Confidence interval

Monthly

change

MOVEMENTS IN SEASONALLY ADJUSTED SERIES BETWEEN JULY 2014 AND AUGUST 2014

The estimates in this publication are based on a sample survey. Published estimates and

the movements derived from them are subject to sampling variability. Standard errors

give a measure of sampling variability (see Standard Errors section). The interval

bounded by two standard errors is the 95% confidence interval, which provides a way of

looking at the variability inherent in estimates. There is a 95% chance that the true value

of the estimate lies within that interval.

SA M P L I N G ER R O R

Estimates of change shown on the front cover and used in the commentary have been

calculated using unrounded estimates, and may be different from, but are more accurate

than, movements obtained from the rounded estimates. The graphs on the front cover

also depict unrounded estimates.

RO U N D I N G

For information on changes to Labour Force outputs, refer to 'Changes in this and

upcoming Labour Force Issue' on pages 7-8.

CH A N G E S IN TH I S AN D

UP C O M I N G I S S U E S

2 A B S • L A B O U R FO R C E • 6 2 0 2 . 0 • A U G 2 0 1 4

N O T E S

Mar2013

Jul Nov Mar2014

Jul

%

60.0

60.5

61.0

61.5

62.0

62.5

63.0TrendSeasonally adjusted

EMPLOYMENT TO POPULAT ION RATIO , PERSONS, March 2013 toAugust 2014

A strong increase in the seasonally adjusted estimate of employment contributed to

Australia's unemployment rate decreasing 0.3 percentage points to 6.1% in August 2014

(seasonally adjusted). This follows a comparable increase in the unemployment rate in

July. The number of unemployed persons decreased by 33,500 to 755,100 in August 2014

following an increase of 41,800 in July 2014 (seasonally adjusted). In trend terms the

number of unemployed persons in August 2014 increased by 8,000 to 764,100 and the

unemployment rate was 6.2%. Because of the unusually strong increase in employment

estimates, the ABS has extensively checked the data. See 'About the data' for further

details.

The seasonally adjusted underemployment rate increased 0.7 percentage points from

May 2014 to 8.5% in August 2014. Combined with the August unemployment rate of

6.1%, the latest seasonally adjusted estimate of total labour force underutilisation

increased 1.0 percentage points to 14.6% in August 2014. In trend terms, the

underemployment rate increased 0.4 percentage points to 8.2% in August 2014 and total

labour force underutilisation increased 0.4 percentage points to 14.3%.

August 2014 saw the seasonally adjusted participation rate increase 0.4 percentage points

(based on unrounded estimates) to 65.2%. The trend participation rate increased 0.1

percentage points to 65.0% in August 2014.

The seasonally adjusted number of employed persons increased by 121,000 in August

2014 to 11,703,500 persons following a decrease of 4,100 persons in July 2014. The

increase in August was driven by part-time employment. The employment to population

ratio, which expresses the number of employed persons as a percentage of the civilian

population aged 15 years and over, increased 0.6 percentage points to 61.3% (seasonally

adjusted).

In trend terms, which reduces the impact of the irregular component of the seasonally

adjusted series and can provide a better basis for analysing the underlying behaviour of

the series, employment increased by 18,700 persons to 11,638,400 persons in August

2014 and the trend employment to population ratio increased less than 0.1 percentage

points to 61.0%.

NA T I O N A L ES T I M A T E S

A B S • L A B O U R FO R C E • 6 2 0 2 . 0 • A U G 2 0 1 4 3

L A B O U R F O R C E C O M M E N T A R Y A U G U S T 2 0 1 4

The largest absolute decreases in seasonally adjusted unemployment were in South

Australia (down 10,900 persons), New South Wales (down 5,400 persons) and Victoria

(down 3,400 persons).

The largest absolute increases in seasonally adjusted employment were in New South

Wales (up 45,300 persons), Queensland (up 26,500 persons) and Victoria (up 26,100

persons).

Tasmania had the largest increase in the seasonally adjusted participation rate (up 0.7

percentage points), followed by New South Wales (up 0.6 percentage points) and

Queensland (up 0.5 percentage points).

Seasonally adjusted estimates are not published for the territories.

ST A T E ES T I M A T E S

Seasonally adjusted part-time employment increased by 106,700 persons to 3,609,200

persons while full-time employment increased by 14,300 persons in August 2014 to

8,094,300 persons. The increase in total employment resulted from increases in:

! male part-time employment, up 65,400 persons

! female part-time employment, up 41,300 persons

! female full-time employment, up 11,900 persons

! male full-time employment, up 2,400 persons.

In original terms total employment usually decreases between July and August (the

decreases recorded between these months for the last three years were 117,000 persons,

103,900 persons and 96, 800 persons respectively). The last time total employment

increased between July and August was in 1991. Contrary to this historical pattern,

employment increased in August 2014 by 32,100. Full-time employment was fairly typical

of the historical pattern with a decrease of 79,700 (resulting in a modest seasonally

adjusted increase of 14,300) while part-time employment was atypical increasing by

111,800 compared to a decrease in three of the last four years and a highest increase in

the previous 20 years of 43,600 in August 1992. This increase in part-time employment

was driven by several factors:

! The incoming rotation group reported a higher proportion of part-time employed

persons than the rotation group it replaced, and contributed 47,000 to the increase

in part-time employment. (However, the incoming rotation group contributed a

decrease of 50,100 in full-time employment.)

! Householders who responded in both July and August 2014 (called the matched

part of the common sample and shown in the Gross flows in Table 17) reported a

net weighted increase of 82,000. For further details see 'About the data'.

! Similar patterns in gross flows were observed across most age groups.

! The increase in part-time employment was observed in all states and territories

except the Australian Capital Territory.

Seasonally adjusted aggregate monthly hours worked increased 0.1 million hours (less

than 0.01%) in August 2014 to 1,609.5 million hours.

NA T I O N A L ES T I M A T E S

continued


L A B O U R F O R C E C O M M E N T A R Y A U G U S T 2 0 1 4 continued

Seasonally adjusted employment - particularly part-time employment - for August 2014

increased significantly and as a result the ABS investigated possible causes. The

investigation included the following:

! A new Labour Force questionnaire was introduced in July 2014. As an increase in

part-time employment was not observed in July, the new instrument would not have

contributed to a change in the reporting of part-time employment in August.

! There were minor wording changes to the monthly Labour Force questionnaire

between July and August but these changes did not impact the sequencing

leading into or the content of the employment part of the questionnaire and

would not have contributed to a change in the reporting of part-time

employment.

! The August questionnaire included additional quarterly questions including

occupation and industry which were only sequenced to householders identified

as employed by the standard monthly questions, and redundancy questions

which were asked of all in-scope householders towards the end of the

questionnaire. Due to their position in the questionnaire the quarterly

questions would not have contributed to a change in the reporting of part-time

employment.

! In previous years seven of the eight rotation groups received the Employee Earnings

Benefits and Trade Union Membership (EEBTUM) supplementary survey. These

supplementary questions were only asked of those householders identified as

employed and it was speculated that this contributed to a lower response rate and

to the lower employment estimates in original terms usually observed in August.

While it is not possible to separately confirm or quantify this impact, the seasonal

adjustment process removes calendar related variations, including this impact if it

did exist.

! The response rate for August 2014 was similar to historical patterns for August

relative to July, indicating that this has not contributed to a change in the

reporting of part-time employment.

AB O U T TH E DA T A

np not available for publication but included in totals whereapplicable, unless otherwise indicated

6.16.46.26.1Australianpnp4.64.3Australian Capital Territorynpnp4.84.6Northern Territory7.17.67.37.4Tasmania5.05.25.05.0Western Australia5.97.26.76.8South Australia6.76.86.76.6Queensland6.87.06.86.7Victoria5.75.95.85.8New South Wales

%%%%

AugustJulyAugustJuly

SEASONALLYADJUSTEDTREND

UNEMPLOYMENT RATE, STATE AND TERRITORIES, Ju l y 2014 andAugust 2014

ST A T E ES T I M A T E S continued



While the EEBTUM supplementary survey was not conducted this August, a new

supplementary survey, Characteristics of Employment, was conducted and

included similar content to the previous supplementary. The supplementary

survey is asked at the end of the Labour Force Survey for each householder and

is unlikely to have resulted in a change in the reporting of part-time

employment.

A new processing system is being introduced for the Labour Force Survey. The

survey responses for August were run on both the existing and new systems and

produced the same results.

Diagnostic checks from the ABS's seasonal adjustment system confirmed that the

seasonal factors are stable, although the trend estimates for part-time employed

persons and therefore total employed persons are affected by the large August 2014

movement in the seasonally adjusted series. When the original estimates do not

follow the usual seasonal pattern additional volatility is included in the seasonally

adjusted estimates, as the seasonal factors adapt, over time, to a possible new

seasonal pattern.

The ABS checked a significant number of records with part-time employment to

ensure that the processing system had correctly treated these.

The ABS extensively checked the methodologies used to compile the August 2014

estimates and identified no deficiencies in these methodologies.

Householders who responded in both July and August 2014 (called the matched part of

the common sample and shown in the Gross flows in Table 17) reported a net weighted

increase, in original terms, of 82,000 in part-time employment. This comprises:

a net 36,000 increase in part-time employment from not in the labour force,

compared to an average move of 21,000 in the opposite direction over the previous

three years.

a net 29,000 increase in part-time employment from full-time employment

a net 17,100 increase in part-time employment from unemployment.

The total contribution to the increase in part-time employment of the incoming rotation

group (47,000) and the matched part of the common sample (82,000) was 129,000, As

the total increase in part-time employment in original terms was 111,800 the unmatched

part of the common sample and weighting differences contributed approximately

negative 17,200.

AB O U T TH E DA T A continued



The following changes have already been made to the detailed monthly and quarterly

Labour Force releases:

! Products produced for the final time with the June 2014 issue of the detailed

monthly Labour Force release (cat. no. 6291.0.55.001) and not available with future

issues are:

! Spreadsheet tables 15a and 15b;

! Data cube EM2 - this will be replaced by two separate data cubes from the

January 2015 issue;

! Data cube UM1;

! Data cube RM2.

! Products produced for the final time with the May 2014 issue of the detailed

quarterly Labour Force release (cat. no. 6291.0.55.003) and not available with future

issues are:

! Data cube EO1;

! Data cube UQ2 - this will be replaced by two separate data cubes from the

November 2014 issue;

! Data cube UQ3 - this will be replaced by two separate data cubes from the

November 2014 issue.

These products have been ceased due to:

! duration of unemployment since last full-time job no longer being collected as this

item was replaced by duration of unemployment in 2001 and is therefore obsolete

(Spreadsheet tables 15a and 15b; Data cubes UM1 and RM2), and

! expanded scope and changed response categories for employed persons who

worked fewer than their usual number of hours during the reference week (Data

cube EM2 which will be replaced, and Data cube EO1 for which the information will

largely be available in other products).

Further information on changes to outputs is available in the Information Paper:

Forthcoming Changes to Labour Force Statistics (cat. no. 6292.0), released on 26 June

2014.

The ABS changed the measurement of the duration of a person’ period of

unemployment from July 2014. This change only applies to those persons already

identified as unemployed and does not impact on the number of unemployed persons.

Previously, the duration of a person’ period of unemployment could only end with a

spell of work of two weeks or more. This was inconsistent with the definition of

employment which recognises any work of one hour or more during the reference week.

Changes already made

As advised in previous issues, changes to standard Labour Force products will be

implemented from the July 2014 to May 2015 issues of this and related releases. These

changes have arisen from the ABS review in 2010-11 of content included in the labour

household survey program, as described in the Information Paper: Outcomes of the

Labour Household Surveys Content Review, 2012 (cat. no. 6107.0).

There have not been any changes to the format of the pdf, spreadsheets or data cube in

this issue. However, changes have already been made to the related detailed monthly

and quarterly releases and further changes to all releases are planned.

CH A N G E S TO LA B O U R

FO R C E OU T P U T S


C H A N G E S I N T H I S A N D U P C O M I N G L A B O U R F O R C E I S S U E S

From July 2014 the ABS will ask when a person last worked (in paid employment of one

hour or more). This is both consistent with the definitions of employment and

unemployment as well as international standards. The data impacted by this change is

only released in the detailed monthly Labour Force release (cat. no. 6291.0.55.001).

Also in July 2014 the ABS refined some of the questions used to determine if a person is

actively looking for work. From time to time the ABS updates these questions to ensure

alignment with international standards and to reflect the changing way that people look

for work in Australia. For details of the changes made in July see 6202.0 - Labour Force,

Australia, Jul 2014. There is no evidence that these changes had a significant impact on

the July 2014 estimates of unemployed persons.

The ABS planned to implement changes to the pdf, spreadsheets and data cubes in this

publication and in the detailed monthly Labour Force release (cat. no. 6291.0.55.001)

from the September issues, with blank templates of the new spreadsheets and datacubes

to be released with the August issues. To allow further time for validation, the changes to

these releases will be delayed one month and implemented with the October issues of

this publication and the detailed monthly Labour Force release. The changes to the

detailed quarterly Labour Force release will be implemented with the November issue as

planned. To give clients additional time to prepare for these changes, the blank

templates of the new spreadsheets and datacubes will be released on 25 September as a

supplement to this publication, and the detailed monthly and quarterly Labour Force

releases. At the same time the Information Paper: Forthcoming Changes to Labour

Force Statistics (cat. no. 6292.0) will be updated to clarify changes being made.

As a result of delaying the introduction of the new monthly outputs from the September

to October issues, quarterly rebenchmarking (which revises estimates to reflect the latest

Estimated Resident Population) planned for the October 2014 issue will be deferred. The

timing of the quarterly rebenchmarking will be advised on 25 September when the

dummy products and updated information paper are released.

Changes already made

continued


C H A N G E S I N T H I S A N D U P C O M I N G L A B O U R F O R C E I S S U E Scontinued

65.06.26.412 402.5764.1552.811 638.43 552.98 085.6August64.96.16.312 375.8756.1547.111 619.83 539.28 080.6July64.86.16.312 346.0747.1541.511 599.03 527.38 071.6June64.86.06.212 317.1738.2535.411 578.93 517.68 061.3May64.75.96.212 290.9731.3530.411 559.63 511.18 048.5April64.75.96.212 267.6726.8527.411 540.83 507.98 032.9March64.75.96.212 246.6723.9526.111 522.73 506.98 015.7February64.75.96.212 225.9721.1525.511 504.83 504.38 000.5January

2014

64.75.96.212 204.0716.7523.911 487.43 497.17 990.3December64.75.86.112 185.1709.8520.311 475.33 487.97 987.4November64.75.86.112 171.9702.6515.811 469.33 477.97 991.4October64.85.76.012 165.8696.8511.811 469.03 469.08 000.0September64.95.76.012 164.1693.4509.811 470.83 460.88 010.0August

201365.15.35.411 989.2629.6457.711 359.63 359.68 000.0August 201265.45.25.211 835.2609.9435.511 225.43 327.27 898.2August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


201358.75.36.15 483.0289.6182.75 193.52 366.52 827.0August 201258.95.36.05 408.0285.8176.45 122.32 338.02 784.3August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


201371.75.25.06 506.2340.0275.06 166.2993.15 173.0August 201272.15.04.86 427.2324.1259.16 103.1989.25 113.9August 2011

MA L E S

%%%'000'000'000'000'000'000

Total

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Part

time

Full

time

Participation

rate

UNEMPLOYMENTRATE

Labour force

UNEMPLOYEDEMPLOYED

LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER) : Trend1



2014


201364.95.15.511 957.1610.2463.411 346.93 362.77 984.3August 201265.45.25.311 835.4619.3444.911 216.03 321.57 894.5August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


201358.45.06.15 456.6273.3181.25 183.32 372.42 811.0August 201258.85.36.05 399.6285.3178.15 114.32 336.42 777.9August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


201371.65.25.26 500.5337.0282.26 163.6990.35 173.3August 201272.25.25.06 435.8334.0266.86 101.7985.15 116.6August 2011

MA L E S

%%%'000'000'000'000'000'000

Total

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Part

time

Full

time

Participation

rate

UNEMPLOYMENTRATE

Labour force

UNEMPLOYEDEMPLOYED

LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER) : Seasona l l y Adjus ted2


64.76.06.119 095.36 737.512 357.8735.5519.111 622.23 614.98 007.3August64.76.06.319 069.26 736.212 333.1743.0542.211 590.13 503.18 087.0July64.75.96.319 043.26 717.512 325.7723.7535.311 602.03 584.38 017.7June64.85.86.219 013.36 699.412 313.9718.9532.811 595.03 533.78 061.3May64.85.86.118 983.46 680.112 303.3714.6516.611 588.73 577.38 011.5April65.06.26.218 953.56 624.412 329.1766.8530.111 562.33 570.27 992.2March65.26.86.718 925.76 594.912 330.8837.8582.111 493.03 402.68 090.5February64.26.46.918 897.96 771.512 126.4772.8592.711 353.63 395.27 958.4January

2014

65.05.76.018 870.26 604.112 266.0695.3511.711 570.73 507.58 063.2December64.45.45.718 840.16 711.712 128.5657.0486.811 471.53 462.88 008.7November64.75.66.018 810.16 630.912 179.2679.9506.711 499.33 547.47 951.9October65.25.75.818 780.16 540.612 239.5692.5498.511 547.03 420.08 127.0September64.25.65.818 753.66 705.212 048.4679.4487.911 369.03 443.27 925.8August

201364.35.05.318 418.16 568.511 849.6589.9442.311 259.83 364.37 895.5August 201264.85.15.118 094.96 367.311 727.6597.0422.311 130.73 321.27 809.4August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


201358.04.85.79 337.73 924.25 413.6262.5168.45 151.12 379.22 771.9August 201258.45.15.79 177.43 821.45 356.1274.7165.35 081.42 342.22 739.3August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


201370.95.15.19 080.42 644.36 436.0327.4273.96 108.7985.15 123.6August 201271.55.14.88 917.52 545.96 371.6322.3257.06 049.3979.15 070.2August 2011

MA L E S

%%%'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Total

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Part

time

Full

time

Participation

rate

UNEMPLOYMENTRATE

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over

Not in

labour

force

Labour

force

UNEMPLOYEDEMPLOYED

LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER) : Or ig ina l3


6 091.663.65.7222.73 653.42 556.263.35.8224.93 629.22 557.2August6 085.063.05.9228.13 608.12 564.063.25.8221.93 625.02 552.3July6 078.663.15.7220.03 616.22 537.463.25.7218.73 620.52 544.6June6 071.163.05.7218.33 605.32 535.063.15.6215.43 616.42 535.9May6 063.663.25.4208.13 626.42 525.663.15.6212.83 612.02 525.9April6 056.263.05.2200.23 616.82 520.463.05.6212.13 606.62 515.1March6 049.263.15.7218.83 600.42 515.863.05.6213.53 599.52 504.6February6 042.263.05.8219.23 586.12 480.963.05.7216.43 591.62 496.4January

2014

6 035.262.95.8219.93 574.82 485.463.05.8219.63 584.62 491.9December6 027.763.25.9224.13 585.12 499.263.15.8221.43 581.22 491.6November6 020.363.25.8222.63 583.02 491.663.25.8221.33 582.62 495.8October6 012.863.15.6212.23 582.22 500.663.35.8219.73 588.52 503.9September6 006.263.75.9225.73 600.22 523.863.55.7217.73 596.42 514.5August

20135 919.962.74.7173.13 541.12 489.163.25.1189.13 550.52 511.9August 20125 845.563.65.4201.13 513.72 468.263.45.3196.23 510.22 473.6August 2011

PE R S O N S

3 097.657.56.0106.51 675.0917.057.06.0105.31 660.6913.5August3 094.356.66.2109.31 643.3910.457.05.9104.11 658.5915.5July3 091.056.95.7100.71 658.8913.156.95.9103.01 656.9916.1June3 087.256.75.799.01 651.9918.356.95.8102.11 655.7916.6May3 083.457.15.799.61 660.5917.857.05.8101.61 654.7915.8April3 079.657.25.8102.01 658.0919.557.05.8101.61 653.3913.6March3 076.157.06.1106.81 645.1919.557.05.8101.71 650.6910.0February3 072.657.15.8102.11 652.2889.156.95.8101.81 647.1906.7January

2014

3 069.156.75.697.61 642.4902.456.95.8101.81 643.8904.8December3 065.356.85.9102.41 638.2909.656.95.8101.71 642.2905.1November3 061.656.95.9103.21 639.5906.957.05.8101.81 642.2906.9October3 057.856.95.798.61 640.9909.157.15.9102.31 643.9909.8September3 054.557.86.0105.31 658.7921.157.35.9102.81 646.3912.8August

20133 011.456.14.473.71 615.4890.456.64.881.91 622.0904.2August 20122 973.157.05.490.91 602.9872.556.95.593.21 597.4876.9August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


20132 908.569.64.999.41 925.71 598.870.05.3107.21 928.51 607.7August 20122 872.470.45.5110.21 910.81 595.770.25.1103.01 912.81 596.7August 2011

MA L E S

'000%%'000'000'000%%'000'000'000

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over

SEASONALLY ADJUSTEDTREND

LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— New South Wales4



2014


20134 608.164.85.6166.22 821.01 946.665.15.5164.82 836.81 951.9August 20124 529.265.35.1151.82 806.71 960.965.55.2154.12 814.31 957.1August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


20132 349.058.95.576.41 306.5688.459.25.779.41 310.0687.3August 20122 308.658.55.675.51 274.8684.358.75.575.21 280.0683.6August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


20132 259.071.05.689.81 514.51 258.271.45.385.41 526.81 264.7August 20122 220.672.44.776.31 531.91 276.672.74.979.01 534.21 273.5August 2011

MA L E S

'000%%'000'000'000%%'000'000'000

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over


LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— Victo r ia5



2014


20133 657.166.85.9144.62 297.31 651.066.45.9142.92 284.21 641.6August 20123 581.167.76.1149.12 276.21 625.767.45.5133.62 279.71 628.2August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


20131 851.460.06.167.51 044.1584.459.96.066.61 042.3584.8August 20121 812.662.06.371.01 052.2588.461.55.662.61 052.9590.0August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


20131 805.773.75.877.01 253.21 066.673.05.876.41 241.91 056.8August 20121 768.573.66.078.11 224.01 037.373.45.570.91 226.81 038.1August 2011

MA L E S

'000%%'000'000'000%%'000'000'000

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over


LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— Queens land6


1 387.162.85.951.8819.7541.362.76.758.4811.6538.6August1 386.262.47.262.7802.9533.962.66.859.0808.9537.2July1 385.262.97.363.8807.3540.462.56.959.3806.1535.6June1 383.962.16.858.6800.8531.662.36.959.2803.4533.9May1 382.662.16.354.3804.7532.462.26.858.7801.0532.5April1 381.362.17.160.9796.8527.062.16.858.1799.2531.2March1 380.262.06.756.9798.3535.462.06.757.6798.0530.2February1 379.161.96.656.0797.2529.162.06.757.1797.5529.4January

2014

1 378.062.06.757.6797.2528.862.06.757.0797.2528.6December1 376.862.26.958.7798.0527.362.06.756.9797.1527.8November1 375.662.16.757.1796.6525.862.16.656.8797.6527.7October1 374.462.15.950.7802.4533.562.36.656.6799.1529.2September1 373.562.46.959.5797.7525.062.56.656.2801.7532.2August

20131 361.162.55.748.2802.5527.662.75.648.0805.4531.4August 20121 347.563.35.043.0810.5544.163.55.244.8810.7540.8August 2011

PE R S O N S

705.957.46.024.4380.8182.956.86.224.9375.9182.6August705.456.16.325.0370.4179.656.66.325.1374.1181.7July704.956.66.425.7373.5185.956.46.325.2372.2180.5June704.355.96.826.8367.2176.456.26.425.3370.4179.1May703.856.15.622.0372.6178.656.06.425.3368.7177.8April703.256.06.927.2366.6174.455.86.425.3367.3176.7March702.755.76.626.0365.3177.355.86.425.2366.6176.3February702.155.56.123.9365.6175.255.86.425.0366.5176.9January

2014

701.655.76.324.5366.3179.655.86.324.8366.8178.2December701.056.46.826.9368.7180.055.96.324.7367.3179.6November700.456.06.023.5368.5179.156.06.324.6367.7181.1October699.855.95.421.2370.2186.356.26.324.7368.3182.5September699.456.57.127.9366.9182.156.46.324.9369.2183.9August

2013693.156.65.220.4372.1176.856.95.421.4373.3178.9August 2012686.357.34.818.8374.1184.757.35.019.8373.2182.1August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


2013667.968.66.127.8430.4350.868.75.826.6432.2352.4August 2012661.269.75.224.1436.4359.469.95.425.0437.5358.7August 2011

MA L E S

'000%%'000'000'000%%'000'000'000

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over


LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— South Aust ra l ia7



2014


20131 976.169.14.054.01 310.7953.169.24.054.11 313.4954.0August 20121 906.668.44.457.51 246.8884.468.54.355.51 249.4890.2August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


2013981.761.74.326.2579.3310.661.64.527.3577.2313.8August 2012950.660.54.123.8551.7290.960.94.224.1555.2294.4August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


2013994.476.33.727.8731.4642.576.73.526.8736.2640.2August 2012956.076.24.633.8695.2593.575.94.331.4694.2595.9August 2011

MA L E S

'000%%'000'000'000%%'000'000'000

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Civilian

population

aged 15

years and

over


LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— Western Aust ra l ia8



2014


2013416.960.66.817.3235.2150.460.56.817.2234.9149.6August 2012415.760.35.313.3237.4155.060.45.213.0237.9156.4August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


2013210.955.07.18.2107.848.955.06.98.0108.049.0August 2012210.655.24.95.7110.550.755.24.95.7110.652.3August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


2013205.966.36.69.1127.4101.566.16.89.2126.9100.6August 2012205.165.65.67.6126.9104.465.65.57.4127.3104.1August 2011

MA L E S

'000%%'000'000'000%%'000'000'000

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Partici-

pation

rate

Unemp-

loyment

rate

Total

unemp-

loyed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over


LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— Tasman ia9


185.873.54.86.5130.2107.8August185.574.14.66.3131.2108.8July185.274.64.36.0132.1109.7June184.475.24.15.7132.9110.4May183.775.63.95.4133.4110.7April182.975.73.75.2133.5110.3March182.575.63.75.2132.9109.3February182.275.33.95.4131.9107.9January

2014

181.875.04.25.7130.7106.6December181.574.94.56.2129.7105.7November181.274.94.96.6129.1105.1October181.074.95.27.1128.5104.6September180.775.15.57.5128.1103.9August

2013176.974.04.15.3125.5102.8August 2012173.172.44.15.1120.297.5August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


201385.770.54.22.557.942.6August 201284.068.24.02.355.040.3August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


201391.277.24.02.867.660.2August 201289.176.34.12.865.257.1August 2011

MA L E S

'000%%'000'000'000

Participation

rate

Unemployment

rate

Total

unemployed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over

TREND

LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— Northern Ter r i to ry10



2014


2013302.172.93.98.5211.6158.0August 2012296.372.64.18.7206.3155.1August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


2013154.469.53.33.6103.767.5August 2012151.768.03.73.899.465.3August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


2013147.776.44.44.9107.990.5August 2012144.677.34.44.9106.989.8August 2011

MA L E S

'000%%'000'000'000

Participation

rate

Unemployment

rate

Total

unemployed

Total

employed

Employed

full time

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over

TREND

LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— Aust ra l ian Cap i ta l Ter r i to ry11


64.76.06.119 095.36 737.512 357.8735.5519.111 622.23 614.98 007.3Australia

70.95.04.1314.691.7222.911.16.8211.853.2158.6Australian Capital Territory73.44.14.1185.849.3136.55.54.6130.923.1107.9Northern Territory60.87.08.1419.6164.3255.317.913.0237.489.3148.2Tasmania68.24.85.02 109.5671.71 437.868.750.31 369.1405.3963.8Western Australia61.85.76.31 387.1529.2857.948.735.7809.2275.3533.9South Australia66.26.46.53 805.01 287.62 517.4161.2113.52 356.2726.91 629.3Queensland64.76.77.04 782.11 686.33 095.8208.1146.72 887.6939.61 948.0Victoria62.95.65.66 091.62 257.33 834.3214.3148.53 620.01 102.32 517.7New South Wales

PE R S O N S

58.85.96.79 677.73 987.85 689.8337.2204.95 352.62 506.52 846.1Australia

67.45.34.3160.752.4108.35.73.1102.635.067.6Australian Capital Territory68.83.33.288.927.861.12.01.459.216.942.2Northern Territory56.25.98.1212.393.0119.47.14.5112.361.351.0Tasmania60.74.95.51 046.5411.0635.531.018.5604.5288.8315.7Western Australia56.25.37.1705.9309.4396.521.013.8375.4194.8180.6South Australia61.06.16.91 929.1752.51 176.572.343.71 104.2510.5593.7Queensland58.56.77.82 436.61 011.01 425.695.658.41 330.0636.1693.8Victoria57.05.86.43 097.61 330.71 766.9102.561.51 664.4763.0901.4New South Wales

FE M A L E S

70.86.05.79 417.62 749.76 667.9398.3314.36 269.61 108.45 161.2Australia

74.54.73.9153.839.2114.65.43.7109.218.291.0Australian Capital Territory77.74.74.696.921.675.33.53.271.86.265.6Northern Territory65.67.98.1207.371.3135.910.88.5125.128.097.2Tasmania75.54.74.71 063.0260.8802.237.731.8764.5116.5648.1Western Australia67.76.05.8681.2219.8461.527.721.9433.880.5353.3South Australia71.56.66.31 876.0535.11 340.888.969.81 251.9216.41 035.5Queensland71.26.76.62 345.5675.31 670.2112.588.31 557.7303.51 254.2Victoria69.15.45.12 993.9926.62 067.3111.887.01 955.6339.31 616.3New South Wales

MA L E S

%%%'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Total

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Part

time

Full

time

Participation

rate

UNEMPLOYMENTRATE

Civilian

population

aged 15

years

and over

Not in

labour

force

Labour

force

UNEMPLOYEDEMPLOYED

LABOUR FORCE STATUS (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER) , States & ter r i to r ies :

Or ig ina l —August 201412


4.544.354.719.028.6153.166.2652.4164.8August4.544.154.418.928.7151.366.7648.8165.5July4.543.954.018.728.6148.866.8645.8166.4June4.543.853.718.528.4145.766.4643.4166.9May4.443.753.318.128.0141.865.2642.2167.3April4.343.753.017.627.4137.063.1642.2167.3March4.143.852.817.026.6132.260.6643.2166.8February4.043.952.616.726.1128.958.7644.0166.1January

2014

3.943.952.616.525.9127.857.9644.1165.7December4.043.952.716.626.0128.358.1644.4165.5November4.044.052.916.726.2129.959.0645.6165.7October4.144.353.216.826.4131.159.9649.0166.4September4.144.753.616.726.5130.860.4654.6167.6August

20134.345.554.716.824.1133.962.1664.4195.8August 20124.146.655.215.623.3124.759.1676.6194.9August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


20133.247.956.415.024.760.222.4340.368.2August 20123.548.857.314.826.259.824.5345.169.0August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


20135.343.253.118.523.773.739.7324.1127.7August 20124.644.553.216.421.565.034.6331.5125.9August 2011

MA L E S

%%%%%'000'000'000'000

Total

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Full

time

Unemployment

to population

ratio – looking

for full-time

work

Employment

to

population

ratio

Participation

rate

UNEMPLOYMENTRATEUNEMPLOYEDEMPLOYED

PERSONS AGED 15– 19 YEARS, Labour Force Status : Trend13



2014


20134.445.754.816.624.6133.063.5667.4194.7August 20124.246.855.215.223.7122.261.3680.2197.3August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


20133.347.855.914.626.057.823.4339.266.5August 20123.249.557.413.824.955.922.9350.469.0August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


20135.443.853.818.723.875.240.1328.2128.1August 20125.144.253.116.723.066.338.4329.8128.3August 2011

MA L E S

%%%%%'000'000'000'000

Total

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Full

time

Unemployment

to population

ratio – looking

for full-time

work

Employment

to

population

ratio

Participation

rate

UNEMPLOYMENTRATEUNEMPLOYEDEMPLOYED

PERSONS AGED 15– 19 YEARS, Labour Force Status : Seasona l l y Ad jus ted14


* estimate is subject to sampling variability too high for most practical purposes

3.652.117.226.81 472.3705.1767.2132.053.1635.2490.5144.6August 20143.950.816.427.01 464.9721.5743.5122.157.9621.4465.0156.4August 20133.951.815.624.41 459.3702.8756.6118.357.3638.2460.4177.9August 20123.852.114.223.41 453.1696.3756.8107.755.0649.1468.7180.4August 2011

Persons

2.553.815.327.5717.2331.0386.259.117.9327.1279.947.2August 20143.552.815.232.6712.8336.1376.757.125.2319.6267.552.1August 20132.852.913.424.8709.9334.5375.550.520.0325.0264.460.5August 20122.854.412.823.7707.3322.8384.549.419.6335.1272.462.8August 2011

Females


Males

TO T A L

1.543.218.467.51 141.7648.9492.890.816.8402.0393.98.1August 20141.441.016.255.81 122.1661.6460.474.615.4385.8373.612.2August 20130.941.114.147.21 092.1643.4448.763.29.5385.5374.810.7August 20120.841.313.151.01 066.1625.7440.457.78.9382.7374.18.6August 2011

Persons

*1.147.516.2*58.7578.6303.5275.144.5*6.1230.5226.2*4.3August 20141.345.814.569.1566.5306.8259.737.57.2222.1218.9*3.2August 2013

*0.545.011.2*32.1556.3306.0250.328.0*2.6222.3216.9*5.5August 2012*0.646.712.1*47.3538.9287.4251.530.5*3.1221.0217.5*3.5August 2011

Females

1.938.721.373.8563.2345.4217.746.310.6171.4167.7*3.8August 20141.536.118.547.6555.5354.8200.737.18.1163.7154.78.9August 20131.337.017.857.1535.8337.4198.435.36.9163.2157.9*5.2August 20121.135.814.453.2527.2338.3188.927.25.8161.7156.6*5.1August 2011

Males

AT T E N D I N G FU L L - T I M E ED U C A T I O N


Persons

8.580.213.121.5138.727.5111.114.611.796.553.742.9August 201412.280.016.726.8146.329.3117.019.617.997.548.648.8August 201311.381.518.024.0153.628.4125.222.517.4102.747.655.1August 2012

9.779.014.221.7168.335.3133.018.816.4114.254.959.3August 2011Females


Males

NO T AT T E N D I N G FU L L - T I M E ED U C A T I O N

%%%%'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Total

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Part

time

Full

time

Unemployment

to population

ratio – looking

for full-time

work

Participation

rate

UNEMPLOYMENTRATE

Civilian

population

aged

15–19

years

Not in

labour

force

Labour

force

UNEMPLOYEDEMPLOYED

PERSONS AGED 15– 19 YEARS, Educat ion & Labour Force Status : Or ig ina l15


— nil or rounded to zero (including null cells)* estimate is subject to sampling variability too high for most practical purposes

3.652.117.226.81 472.3705.1767.2132.053.1635.2490.5144.6Australia

*3.650.928.8*40.723.211.411.83.4*0.88.47.2*1.2Australian Capital Territory*6.942.320.6*34.316.39.46.91.4*1.15.53.32.1Northern Territory5.953.623.541.033.515.518.04.22.013.710.92.8Tasmania

*3.053.313.8*19.0162.876.086.812.0*4.874.954.220.7Western Australia*2.949.012.6*24.2104.353.251.16.4*3.044.635.39.4South Australia6.059.820.533.6311.0125.1185.938.218.6147.7111.036.7Queensland3.051.218.528.6356.1173.9182.333.810.6148.5122.026.5Victoria2.648.314.521.1465.0240.6224.532.612.1191.8146.745.2New South Wales

TO T A L

1.543.218.467.51 141.7648.9492.890.816.8402.0393.98.1Australia

*1.844.133.8*70.119.611.08.62.9*0.45.75.6*0.2Australian Capital Territory*—23.0*12.5*—10.58.12.4*0.3*—2.11.9*0.2Northern Territory

*4.245.428.3*100.026.114.211.93.4*1.18.58.5*—Tasmania*1.140.817.2*60.7113.667.346.38.0*1.238.437.6*0.8Western Australia*1.639.213.9*69.083.650.932.74.6*1.328.227.6*0.6South Australia*1.348.719.0*47.0222.3114.1108.220.6*3.087.684.2*3.4Queensland*1.946.420.1*73.1303.2162.6140.728.3*5.7112.3110.3*2.1Victoria*1.139.116.1*81.5362.8220.8142.022.8*4.1119.2118.2*0.9New South Wales

AT T E N D I N G FU L L - T I M E ED U C A T I O N

11.083.015.021.0330.656.2274.441.236.3233.296.6136.6Australia

*13.287.8*15.1*31.03.6*0.43.1*0.5*0.52.7*1.6*1.1Australian Capital Territory*19.377.4*25.0*36.25.81.34.5*1.1*1.13.41.42.0Northern Territory*11.882.4*14.3*23.57.4*1.36.1*0.9*0.95.22.42.8Tasmania

*7.482.2*9.9*15.449.38.840.5*4.0*3.636.516.619.9Western Australia*7.988.5*10.1*15.720.7*2.418.3*1.8*1.616.57.78.8South Australia17.687.622.731.988.811.077.717.615.660.126.833.3Queensland*9.478.7*13.1*16.952.911.341.6*5.5*5.036.111.724.4Victoria7.880.711.915.3102.219.782.59.88.072.728.444.2New South Wales

NO T AT T E N D I N G FU L L - T I M E ED U C A T I O N

%%%%'000'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Total

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Looking

for f/t

workTotal

Part

time

Full

time

Unemployment

to population

ratio – looking

for full-time

work

Participation

rate

UNEMPLOYMENTRATE

Civilian

population

aged

15–19

years

Not in

labour

force

Labour

force

UNEMPLOYEDEMPLOYED

PERSONS AGED 15– 19 YEARS, States & ter r i to r ies :

Or ig ina l —August 201416


(a) Gross flows figures do not match published labour force estimates. Refer to gross flows in Glossary.

14 765.34 944.09 821.4560.39 261.12 861.96 399.2Matched Civilian Population4 995.04 585.2409.8141.3268.5179.589.0Not in Labour Force9 770.3358.89 411.6418.98 992.62 682.46 310.2Labour Force

569.6125.7443.9333.8110.163.147.0Unemployed Total9 200.7233.18 967.785.18 882.52 619.36 263.2Employed Total2 779.9143.52 636.346.12 590.32 305.1285.2Employed Part time6 420.989.56 331.339.16 292.2314.25 978.0Employed Full time

PE R S O N S

7 464.32 934.44 529.9256.34 273.51 997.52 276.0Matched Civilian Population2 979.52 748.1231.475.1156.3111.444.9Not in Labour Force4 484.8186.34 298.5181.24 117.21 886.12 231.1Labour Force

252.857.8195.1148.246.932.414.5Unemployed Total4 231.9128.54 103.433.14 070.41 853.82 216.6Employed Total1 960.290.51 869.722.61 847.01 670.9176.2Employed Part time2 271.838.02 233.810.42 223.3182.92 040.5Employed Full time

FE M A L E S

7 301.12 009.65 291.5304.04 987.6864.44 123.2Matched Civilian Population2 015.51 837.1178.466.2112.268.144.1Not in Labour Force5 285.6172.55 113.1237.74 875.4796.34 079.1Labour Force

316.867.9248.9185.663.230.732.5Unemployed Total4 968.8104.64 864.252.14 812.2765.64 046.6Employed Total

819.753.0766.723.4743.2634.2109.0Employed Part time4 149.151.54 097.628.74 068.9131.43 937.6Employed Full time

MA L E S

'000'000'000'000'000'000'000

Matched

Civilian

Population

Not in

Labour

Force

Labour

ForceUnemployed

Employed

Total

Employed

Part time

Employed

Full time

LABOUR FORCE STATUS IN AUGUST 2014

Labou r fo r ce sta tu s in

Ju l y 2014

LABOUR FORCE STATUS GROSS FLOWS (a) , MATCHED RECORDS July 2014 AND August

2014(a) : Or ig ina l17


1 609.5251.31 358.21 613.6249.81 363.7August1 609.4246.91 362.51 610.4249.41 361.0July1 626.2250.91 375.31 607.4249.41 358.1June1 606.2248.91 357.21 604.3249.41 354.9May1 573.2249.51 323.71 601.8249.61 352.3April1 608.4250.71 357.61 600.2249.71 350.5March1 600.6245.91 354.71 599.2249.91 349.4February1 613.1254.81 358.31 598.6249.61 349.0January

2014

1 592.8247.01 345.81 598.2248.81 349.4December1 589.3246.91 342.31 597.7247.51 350.1November1 597.9248.11 349.81 596.1245.91 350.1October1 592.0244.21 347.81 594.7244.21 350.5September1 600.5238.51 361.91 594.2242.71 351.5August

20131 575.7234.31 341.41 578.9233.81 345.1August 20121 594.0236.31 357.71 595.6236.01 359.6August 2011

PE R S O N S


2014


2013604.6165.8438.8608.0165.5442.5August 2012617.5167.6450.0616.3167.1449.2August 2011

FE M A L E S


2014


2013971.168.4902.7971.068.3902.6August 2012976.568.8907.7979.368.9910.3August 2011

MA L E S

millionsmillionsmillionsmillionsmillionsmillions

Total

Part

time

workers

Full

time

workersTotal

Part

time

workers

Full

time

workers


AGGREGATE MONTHLY HOURS WORKED18


np not available for publication but included in totals where applicable, unless otherwise indicated

1 613.629.319.831.0195.5111.2333.3390.6503.0August1 610.429.219.931.0194.6110.6332.6390.6501.8July1 607.429.220.031.0193.6110.2332.3390.5500.5June1 604.329.220.131.0192.7109.8332.0390.3499.2May1 601.829.120.131.0192.0109.5332.1390.0498.0April1 600.229.020.030.9191.5109.4332.4389.9497.1March1 599.228.820.030.8191.2109.4332.6390.0496.6February1 598.628.719.830.5190.9109.3332.6390.2496.5January

2014

1 598.228.619.730.3190.7109.0332.8390.6496.6December1 597.728.519.630.1190.4108.5332.9390.8496.9November1 596.128.419.429.9189.9107.9332.8390.5497.2October1 594.728.419.329.8189.3107.6332.2390.1498.0September1 594.228.419.129.6188.8107.7331.3390.1499.2August

20131 578.928.819.230.6190.3109.1321.6385.9493.4August 20121 595.629.218.832.0182.7112.1330.6393.6496.5August 2011

TR E N D

1 609.5npnp30.9195.5111.6333.1387.4502.5August1 609.4npnp30.9196.1110.1331.6390.9500.8July1 626.2npnp31.0196.0111.8335.1396.1506.7June1 606.2npnp31.1191.1109.2335.0391.5498.3May1 573.2npnp31.2187.3108.2324.8381.7491.6April1 608.4npnp30.9193.7109.9332.6393.4498.7March1 600.6npnp30.4193.2108.6332.5389.4497.6February1 613.1npnp31.2191.8111.5339.5392.1498.3January

2014

1 592.8npnp30.0189.2108.4330.6390.5496.1December1 589.3npnp30.1189.1108.7329.8388.8495.3November1 597.9npnp29.9190.3107.1331.2392.6498.2October1 592.0npnp29.8189.6108.6332.2388.1496.1September1 600.5npnp29.6190.7107.2334.6390.9499.7August

20131 575.7npnp30.9188.2107.5321.8386.6492.6August 20121 594.0npnp32.0181.1112.7330.1394.0496.3August 2011

SE A S O N A L L Y AD J U S T E D

millionsmillionsmillionsmillionsmillionsmillionsmillionsmillionsmillions

Australia

Australian

Capital

Territory

Northern

TerritoryTasmania

Western

Australia

South

AustraliaQueenslandVictoria

New

South

Wales

HOURS WORKED

AGGREGATE MONTHLY HOURS WORKED, States & ter r i to r ies19


14.48.51 050.114.68.51 053.214.38.21 013.2August13.57.6940.013.67.7950.013.97.9968.5May14.37.5928.313.57.5913.613.67.6931.1February

2014

13.07.6924.213.57.6925.513.47.5917.2November13.37.6917.413.57.6922.413.37.5916.0August12.97.3894.113.17.5904.113.17.4901.3May13.47.3885.112.67.2867.612.77.2874.0February

201311.96.9819.512.27.0831.012.47.1854.0August 201211.86.7790.512.26.8808.512.27.0828.3August 201112.07.2825.312.47.3847.112.37.1827.5August 2010

PE R S O N S

16.510.6603.816.910.7612.016.710.4591.2August15.89.7551.916.09.9559.716.210.0567.4May16.99.7545.215.99.5535.615.89.7547.1February

2014



FE M A L E S

12.76.7446.312.76.6441.212.36.3422.0August11.55.8388.111.75.9390.311.96.0401.1May12.25.7383.111.55.7378.011.75.8384.0February

2014



MA L E S

%%'000%%'000%%'000

Labour

force under-

utilisation rate

Under-

employment

rate

Under-

employed

workers

Labour

force under-

utilisation rate

Under-

employment

rate

Under-

employed

workers

Labour

force under-

utilisation rate

Under-

employment

rate

Under-

employed

workers

ORIGINALSEASONALLY ADJUSTEDTREND

LABOUR UNDERUT IL ISAT ION (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER)— August 201420


14.48.51 050.114.68.51 053.214.38.21 013.2Australia

11.56.614.612.06.614.911.56.614.6Australian Capital Territory7.83.85.28.04.05.57.13.65.0Northern Territory

18.211.228.717.710.527.017.510.226.2Tasmania11.97.1102.712.17.2104.512.17.0100.6Western Australia15.710.085.916.210.389.515.69.481.7South Australia15.38.9224.115.89.0228.315.38.7219.2Queensland15.79.0277.215.88.9278.715.28.6266.1Victoria13.78.1311.714.08.1311.613.88.0305.4New South Wales

PE R S O N S

16.510.6603.816.910.7612.016.710.4591.2Australia



FE M A L E S

12.76.7446.312.76.6441.212.36.3422.0Australia



MA L E S

%%'000%%'000%%'000

Labour

force under-

utilisation rate

Under-

employment

rate

Under-

employed

workers

Labour

force under-

utilisation rate

Under-

employment

rate

Under-

employed

workers

Labour

force under-

utilisation rate

Under-

employment

rate

Under-

employed

workers

ORIGINALSEASONALLY ADJUSTEDTREND

LABOUR UNDERUT IL ISAT ION (AGED 15 YEARS & OVER) , States & ter r i to r ies —August 201421


EF F E C T OF NE W SE A S O N A L L Y AD J U S T E D ES T I M A T E S ON TR E N D ES T I M A T E S

6.16.26.2August6.16.16.1July6.06.16.1June6.06.06.0May

2014

(2) 5.9 i.e.

falls by 2.20%

(1) 6.2 i.e.

rises by 2.20%

WHAT IF NEXT MONTH'S SEASONALLYADJUSTED ESTIMATE IS:

Trend as

published

Feb2014

Apr Jun Aug

%

5.6

5.8

6.0

6.2

6.4Published trend12

UN E M P L O Y M E N T RA T E

11 646.411 662.011 638.4August11 622.911 631.311 619.8July11 599.711 602.211 599.0June11 578.611 577.611 578.9May

2014

(2) 11 675.4 i.e.

falls by 0.24%

(1) 11 731.6 i.e.

rises by 0.24%

WHAT IF NEXT MONTH'S SEASONALLYADJUSTED ESTIMATE IS:

Trend as

published

Feb2014

Apr Jun Aug

'000

11450

11525

11600

11675

11750Published trend12

EM P L O Y M E N T

Each time new seasonally adjusted estimates become available, trend estimates are

revised. This revision is a combined result of the concurrent seasonal adjustment process

and the application of surrogates of the Henderson average to the seasonally adjusted

series (see paragraphs 28 to 36 of the Explanatory Notes).

The examples in the tables below show two illustrative scenarios and the consequent

revisions to previous trend estimates of employment and the unemployment rate. The

revisions in the scenarios are due to the use of surrogates of the Henderson average, as

the impact of revision of seasonally adjusted estimates can not be estimated in advance.

(1) The September seasonally adjusted estimate is higher than the August estimate by:

0.24% for employment

2.20% for the unemployment rate

(2) The September seasonally adjusted estimate is lower than the August estimate by:

0.24% for employment

2.20% for the unemployment rate

The percentage changes of 0.24% and 2.20% represent the average absolute monthly

percentage changes in employment and the unemployment rate respectively. Estimates

in the graphs have been calculated using unrounded estimates, and may be different

from, but more accurate than, rounded estimates depicted in the corresponding table.

TR E N D RE V I S I O N S


W H A T I F . . . ? RE V I S I O N S TO TR E N D ES T I M A T E S

3 The Labour Force Survey is based on a multi-stage area sample of private dwellings

(currently approximately 26,000 houses, flats, etc.) and a list sample of non-private

dwellings (hotels, motels, etc.), and covers approximately 0.32% of the civilian

population of Australia aged 15 years and over.

4 Information is obtained from the occupants of selected dwellings by specially trained

interviewers using computer-assisted interviewing, or self-completion online.

5 Households selected for the Labour Force Survey are interviewed each month for

eight months, with one-eighth of the sample being replaced each month. The first

interview is generally conducted face-to-face. Subsequent interviews are conducted by

telephone (if acceptable to the respondent).

6 From December 2012 to April 2013, the ABS conducted a trial of online electronic

data collection. Respondents in one rotation group (i.e. one-eighth of the survey sample)

were offered the option of self completing their labour force survey questionnaire online

instead of via a face-to-face or telephone interview. From May 2013, the ABS expanded

the offer of online electronic collection to 50% of each new incoming rotation group. For

more information see the article in the April 2013 issue of this publication. From

September 2013, online electronic collection has been offered to 100% of private

dwellings in each incoming rotation group. From April 2014, 100% of private dwellings

are being offered online electronic collection.

7 The interviews are generally conducted during the two weeks beginning on the

Sunday between the 5th and 11th of each month. The information obtained relates to

the week before the interview (i.e. the reference week). Each year, to deal with

operational difficulties involved with collecting and processing the Labour Force Survey

around the Christmas and New Year holiday period, interviews for December start four

weeks after November interviews start (i.e. between the 3rd and 9th December), and

January interviews start five weeks after December interviews start. As a result, January

interviewing may commence as early as the 7th or as late as the 13th, depending on the

year. Occasionally, circumstances that present significant operational difficulties for

survey collection can result in a change to the normal pattern for the start of

interviewing.

8 Estimates from the Labour Force Survey are usually published first in this publication

32 days after the commencement of interviews for that month, with the exception of

estimates for each December which are usually published 39 days after the

commencement of interviews.

LA B O U R FO R C E SU R V E Y

2 The conceptual framework used in Australia’s Labour Force Survey aligns closely with

the standards and guidelines set out in Resolutions of International Conferences of

Labour Statisticians. Descriptions of the underlying concepts and structure of Australia's

labour force statistics, and the sources and methods used in compiling the estimates, are

presented in Labour Statistics: Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 6102.0.55.001)

which is available on the ABS website <http://www.abs.gov.au>.

CO N C E P T S , SO U R C E S AN D

ME T H O D S

1 This publication contains estimates of the civilian labour force derived from the

Labour Force Survey component of the Monthly Population Survey. The full time series

for estimates from this publication are also available electronically. More detailed

estimates are released one week after this publication in various electronic formats – see

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed – Electronic Delivery (cat. no. 6291.0.55.001) and

Labour Force, Australia, Detailed, Quarterly (cat. no. 6291.0.55.003).

I N T R O D U C T I O N


E X P L A N A T O R Y N O T E S

11 The Labour Force Survey estimates are calculated in such a way as to add to

independent estimates of the civilian population aged 15 years and over (population

benchmarks). These population benchmarks are based on the most recently released

estimates of Final and Preliminary quarterly Estimated Resident Population (ERP). For

information on the methodology used to produce the ERP see Australian Demographic

Statistics (cat. no. 3101.0). Since the most recently released ERP estimates lag the current

time period for Labour Force estimates by nine months, the Labour Force population

benchmarks are created by projecting forward three quarters past the most recently

released quarterly ERP estimates. The projection is based on the historical pattern of

each population component – births, deaths, interstate migration and net overseas

migration (NOM). Projected estimates of NOM are supplemented with other data

sources to better forecast population changes in the short-term. The main data source is

the forecasts published by the Department of Immigration & Border Protection in the

publication The Outlook for Net Overseas Migration.

12 Commencing in March 2010, the ERP series has been revised twice-yearly, in the

March and September quarter issues of Australian Demographic Statistics (cat. no.

3101.0). This biannual revision cycle incorporates more up to date information available

for NOM. From November 2012, each biannual revision to ERP estimates have been used

to update the population benchmarks used in creating the Labour Force Survey

estimates, usually resulting in revisions to approximately the last two years of the

historical time series.

13 Every five years, the ERP series are revised to incorporate additional information

available from the latest Census of Population and Housing (Census). Labour Force

Survey population benchmarks, and the estimates, are revised following this five-yearly

revision in the ERP. The process of incorporating the revised population benchmarks is

referred to as 'rebasing'. From the January 2014 issue of this publication, labour force

estimates have been compiled using population benchmarks based on the results of the

2011 Census. Revisions were made to historical Labour Force estimates from June 2006

to December 2013. In addition, estimates from July 1991 to May 2006 were revised to

reflect population benchmarks based on ERP revised following the 2011 Census. The

next rebasing based on the Census will be following the release of the 2016 Census-based

ERP estimates, which will incorporate revisions back five years. For more information on

revised ERP estimates, refer to the June 2012 issue of Australian Demographic Statistics (cat. no. 3101.0) released in December 2012.

14 In between Censuses, the ABS revises the Labour Force population benchmarks

using the latest ERP according to the paragraphs above. These were introduced in the

July 2010, November 2012 and April 2013 issues. The revisions planned for the

October 2013 issue and April 2014 issues were not implemented, see What's New in the

Labour Force in the September 2013 issue of this publication. From the October 2014

issue, following the Census rebasing in the January 2014 issue, rebenchmarking will be

undertaken quarterly in the April, July, October and January issues. For more

PO P U L A T I O N BE N C H M A R K S

10 In the Labour Force Survey, coverage rules are applied which aim to ensure that

each person is associated with only one dwelling, and hence has only one chance of

selection. The coverage rules are necessarily a balance between theoretical and

operational considerations. Nevertheless, the chance of a person being enumerated at

two separate dwellings in the survey is considered to be negligible.

CO V E R A G E

9 The Labour Force Survey includes all persons aged 15 years and over except

members of the permanent defence forces, certain diplomatic personnel of overseas

governments customarily excluded from census and estimated population counts,

overseas residents in Australia, and members of non-Australian defence forces (and their

dependants) stationed in Australia.

SC O P E OF SU R V E Y


E X P L A N A T O R Y N O T E S continued

16 From April 1986, the definition of employed persons was changed to include

persons who worked without pay between 1 and 14 hours per week in a family business

or on a farm (i.e. contributing family workers). For further information, see

paragraphs 22 and 23 of the Explanatory Notes in the February 2003 issue of Labour

Force, Australia (cat. no. 6203.0).

17 The ABS introduced telephone interviewing into the Labour Force Survey in

August 1996. Implementation was phased in for each new sample group from

August 1996 to February 1997. During the period of implementation, the new method

produced different estimates than would have been obtained under the old

methodology. The effect dissipated over the final months of implementation and was no

longer discernible from February 1997. The estimates for February 1997 and onwards are

directly comparable to estimates for periods prior to August 1996. For further details, see

the feature article in the June 1997 issue of Labour Force, Australia (cat. no. 6203.0).

18 From April 2001 the Labour Force Survey was conducted using a redesigned

questionnaire containing additional data items and some minor definitional changes.

The definition of unemployed persons was changed to include all persons who were

waiting to start work and were available to start in the reference week. This change was

introduced in February 2004, when historical unit record data were revised from

April 2001 to January 2004. This revision created a small trend break at April 2001 in

unemployed persons and unemployment rate series. For further details, see

Information Paper: Forthcoming Changes to Labour Force Statistics, 2003 (cat. no.

6292.0), released in December 2003. From July 2014 the Labour Force Survey

questionnaire was further redesigned and definitional changes made to active job search

steps and duration of job search. For further details, see the Glossary and Information

Paper: Forthcoming Changes to Labour Force Statistics, June 2014 (cat. no. 6292.0),

released in June 2014.

19 Core labour force series were revised in April 2001 for the period

April 1986 to March 2001 for the remaining definitional changes introduced with the

redesigned questionnaire, to reduce the impact of the changes on labour force series.

For further details, see Information Paper: Implementing the Redesigned Labour Force

Survey Questionnaire (cat. no. 6295.0) and Information Paper: Questionnaires Used in

the Labour Force Survey (cat. no. 6232.0).

20 In May 2007, an improved method of estimation, known as composite estimation,

was introduced into the Labour Force Survey. In introducing this change, the ABS

revised unit record data from April 2001 to April 2007 based on the new estimation

method. No change was identified in the trend breaks in the unemployed persons and

unemployment rate series which arose with the introduction of a redesigned survey form

CO M P A R A B I L I T Y OF SE R I E S

15 The estimation method used in the Labour Force Survey is Composite Estimation,

which was introduced in May 2007. In January 2014 composite estimation was applied to

all estimates from July 1991 as part of the 2011 Census rebenchmarking. Composite

Estimation combines data collected in the previous six months with current month's data

to produce the current month's estimates, thereby exploiting the high correlation

between overlapping samples across months in the Labour Force Survey. The Composite

Estimator combines the previous and current months' data by applying different factors

according to length of time in the survey. After these factors are applied, the seven

months of data are weighted to align with current month population benchmarks. For

details see Information Paper: Forthcoming Changes to Labour Force Statistics, 2007

(cat. no. 6292.0).

ES T I M A T I O N ME T H O D

information, refer to the article Rebenchmarking of Labour Force Series in the

November 2012 issue of this publication.

PO P U L A T I O N BE N C H M A R K S

continued



28 Seasonal adjustment is a means of removing the estimated effects of normal

seasonal variation from the series so that the effects of other influences on the series can

be more clearly recognised. Seasonal adjustment does not aim to remove the irregular or

non-seasonal influences which may be present in any particular month. This means that

month-to-month movements of the seasonally adjusted estimates may not be reliable

indicators of trend behaviour.

SE A S O N A L AD J U S T M E N T AN D

TR E N D ES T I M A T I O N

25 Two types of error are possible in an estimate based on a sample survey: sampling

error and non-sampling error.

26 Sampling error occurs because a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed. One measure of the likely difference resulting from not including all dwellings

in the survey is given by the standard error. There are about two chances in three that a

sample estimate will differ by less than one standard error from the figure that would

have been obtained if all dwellings had been included in the survey, and about nineteen

chances in twenty that the difference will be less than two standard errors. Standard

errors of key estimates for the latest month and of movements since the previous month

of these estimates are shown in the standard errors section of this publication. Standard

errors for other estimates and other movements may be calculated by using the

spreadsheet contained in Labour Force Survey Standard Errors, Data Cube

(cat. no. 6298.0.55.001) which is available free of charge on the ABS website

<http://www.abs.gov.au>.

27 Non-sampling error arises from inaccuracies in collecting, recording and processing

the data. Every effort is made to minimise reporting error by the careful design of

questionnaires, intensive training and supervision of interviewers, and efficient data

processing procedures. Non-sampling error also arises because information cannot be

obtained from all persons selected in the survey. The Labour Force Survey receives a

high level of co-operation from individuals in selected dwellings, with the average

response rate over the last year being 94%. See Glossary for definition of response rate.

RE L I A B I L I T Y OF ES T I M A T E S

22 The current Labour Force Survey sample has been selected using information

collected in the 2011 Census of Population and Housing.

23 The sample was introduced over four months – May 2013 to August 2013. Two

rotation groups (i.e. one-quarter of the survey sample) were introduced each month.

During the sample phase-in, the increased sample rotation had an impact on the quality

of estimates. Movement standard errors increased by approximately 10%, representing,

for example, an increase on the standard error on the Australian monthly change in

employment for May 2013 from 27,000 to approximately 29,700.

24 Due to the use of composite estimation, there was a marginal impact on the quality

of level estimates. Gross Flows analysis were impacted by the sample phase-in with

between 60% to 70% of the sample available for matching between the current and

previous months instead of the usual 80%. After full transition to the new sample, the

quality of level and movement estimates is at the level designed for under the 2011

sample design and are of similar quality as the 2006 sample design. For further details,

see Information Paper: Labour Force Survey Sample Design (cat. no. 6269.0) released

on 30 May 2013.

LA B O U R FO R C E SU R V E Y

SA M P L E

in April 2001 (as noted above in paragraph 19). For further details, see Information

Paper: Forthcoming Changes to Labour Force Statistics, 2007 (cat. no. 6292.0).

21 As one of a range of ABS savings initiatives for the 2008–09 financial year, there was

a 24% reduction in the LFS sample size for the period July 2008 to August 2009, relative

to the June 2008 sample size. The sample reduction was reversed from September 2009

to December 2009, with December 2009 estimates being the first produced under the

fully reinstated sample.

CO M P A R A B I L I T Y OF SE R I E S

continued



29 The Labour Force Survey uses the concurrent seasonal adjustment method to

derive seasonal factors. Concurrent seasonal adjustment uses data up to the current

month to estimate seasonal factors for the current and all previous months. This process

can result in revisions each month to estimates for earlier periods. However, in most

instances, the only noticeable revisions will be to the seasonally adjusted estimates for

the previous month and one year prior to the current month.

30 The revision properties of the seasonally adjusted and trend estimates can be

improved by the use of Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) modelling.

ARIMA modelling relies on the characteristics of the series being analysed to project

future period data. The projected values are temporary, intermediate values, that are

only used internally to improve the estimation of the seasonal factors. The projected data

do not affect the original estimates and are discarded at the end of the seasonal

adjustment process. The Labour Force Survey uses an ARIMA model for the majority of

the individual time series. The ARIMA model is assessed as part of the annual reanalysis.

For further details, see the feature article in the October 2004 issue of Australian

Economic Indicators (cat. no. 1350.0).

31 Seasonal adjustment is able to remove the effect of events which occur at the same

time in the survey every year. However, there are some events, like holidays, which are

not always at the same time in the survey cycle or which are not at the same time across

Australia. The effects of these types of events on Labour Force Survey estimates cannot in

all cases be removed, because the pattern of their effects cannot be determined.

However, two events for which adjustment is made in the seasonally adjusted series are

the January interview start date and the timing of Easter. For further details, see

Information Paper: Forthcoming Changes to Labour Force Statistics (cat. no. 6292.0)

released in December 2003.

32 While seasonal factors for the complete time series are estimated each month, they

will continue to be reviewed annually at a more detailed level to take into account each

additional year's original data. This annual review will not normally result in significant

changes to published estimates. The review is usually conducted in February each year

with the results released in the February issue of this publication.

33 The smoothing of seasonally adjusted series to produce 'trend' series reduces the

impact of the irregular component of the seasonally adjusted series. These trend

estimates are derived by applying a 13-term Henderson-weighted moving average to all

months except the last six. The last six monthly trend estimates are obtained by applying

surrogates of the Henderson average to the seasonally adjusted series. Trend estimates

are used to analyse the underlying behaviour of a series over time.

34 While this smoothing technique enables estimates to be produced for the latest

month, it does result in revisions in addition to those caused by the revision of

seasonally adjusted estimates. Generally, revisions due to the use of surrogates of the

Henderson average become smaller, and after three months have a negligible impact on

the series.

35 Trend estimates are published for the Northern Territory in table 10 and for the

Australian Capital Territory in table 11. Unadjusted series for the two Territories have

shown, historically, a high degree of variability, which can lead to considerable revisions

to the seasonally adjusted estimates each month when seasonal factors are estimated.

For this reason, seasonally adjusted estimates are not currently published for the two

Territories. In addition, caution should be exercised in the interpretation of trend

estimates for the two Territories, particularly for the three most recent months, where

revisions may be relatively large.


TR E N D ES T I M A T I O N continued



Technical and Further EducationTAFE

seasonally adjustedSeas adj.

percentage pointspts

part timep/t

Labour Force SurveyLFS

full timef/t

estimated resident populationERP

catalogue numbercat. no.

computer assisted interviewingCAI

Australian Bureau of StatisticsABS

percentage%

thousands'000

DefinitionSymbol

42 SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONSSY M B O L S AN D

AB B R E V I A T I O N S

41 Estimates have been rounded and discrepancies may occur between sums of the

component items and totals. Estimates of movement shown in this publication are

obtained by taking the difference of unrounded estimates. The movement estimate is

then rounded. Where a discrepancy occurs between the reported movement and the

difference of the rounded estimates, the reported movement will be more accurate.

EF F E C T S OF RO U N D I N G

40 As well as the statistics included in this and related publications, the ABS may have

other relevant data available. Inquiries should be made to the Labour Force contact

officer on (02) 6252 6525, email [email protected] or to any ABS office.

DA T A AV A I L A B L E ON

RE Q U E S T

37 Users may also wish to refer to the following publications:

! Labour Force Survey Standard Products and Data Item Guide (cat.no. 6103.0).

This publication is a reference guide for users of Labour Force Survey data standard

products.

! Australian Labour Market Statistics (cat. no. 6105.0). This publication presents key

indicators of the labour market, articles on a range of labour market issues, and

information about the latest developments in the labour statistics program. For

further information about this publication, please contact Labour Market Statistics

on (02) 6252 7206.

38 ABS information about the labour market can be found on the Topics @ a Glance

page on the ABS website <http://www.abs.gov.au>.

39 Information about current publications and other products released by the ABS is

available from the statistics page on the ABS website. The ABS also issues a daily release

advice on the website, Upcoming Product Releases, which details products to be

released in the week ahead.

RE L A T E D PU B L I C A T I O N S

36 For further information, see A Guide to Interpreting Time Series – Monitoring

Trends (cat. no. 1349.0) or contact the Assistant Director, Time Series Analysis on

(02) 6252 6345 or email [email protected].


TR E N D ES T I M A T I O N continued



0.30.40.51.51.91.40.80.81.00.60.5ptsUnemployment to population ratio –

looking for f/t work

0.81.11.13.61.72.82.02.01.81.21.5ptsParticipation rate

1.01.31.55.64.93.62.42.42.52.11.7ptsTotal1.01.31.65.93.83.62.62.32.52.21.8ptsLooking for p/t work2.34.02.814.99.28.65.16.45.65.43.9ptsLooking for f/t work

Unemployment rate15.110.010.71.30.91.14.43.07.75.89.7'000Not in labour force11.28.18.10.80.30.93.32.15.54.47.1'000Labour force

7.85.25.80.70.30.72.11.34.93.94.0'000Total6.04.34.10.60.10.51.60.93.33.23.1'000Looking for p/t work4.92.84.00.30.30.51.30.83.22.12.4'000Looking for f/t work

Unemployed

10.27.57.30.70.20.83.02.04.83.96.5'000Total9.17.06.30.70.20.72.51.74.23.55.7'000Part time5.43.64.60.40.20.41.71.12.62.03.7'000Full time

EmployedAged 15–19 years





Unemployed


EmployedAged 15 years and over

PersonsFemalesMales

AUSTRALIA

ACTNTTas.WASAQldVic.NSW

To illustrate, let us say the published level estimate for employed persons aged

15–19 years is 700,000 and the associated standard error is 9,000. The standard error is

then used to interpret the level estimate of 700,000. For instance, the standard error of

9,000 indicates that:

! There are approximately two chances in three that the real value falls within the

range 691,000 to 709,000 (700,000 + or – 9,000)

! There are approximately nineteen chances in twenty that the real value falls within

the range 682,000 to 718,000 (700,000 + or – 18,000).

The real value in this case is the result we would obtain if we could enumerate the total

population.

The following table shows the standard errors for this month's level estimates.

LEVEL ESTIMATES

The estimates in this publication are based on information gained from the occupants of

a sample survey of dwellings. Because the entire population is not surveyed, the

published original, seasonally adjusted and trend estimates are subject to sampling error.

The most common way of quantifying such sampling error is to calculate the standard

error for the published estimate or statistic. For more information, see paragraphs 25 to

27 of the Explanatory Notes.

ST A N D A R D ER R O R S


S T A N D A R D E R R O R S

0.40.50.61.62.11.40.90.91.00.60.7ptsUnemployment to population ratio –

looking for f/t work





Unemployed


EmployedAged 15–19 years





Unemployed


EmployedAged 15 years and over

PersonsFemalesMales

AUSTRALIA

ACTNTTas.WASAQldVic.NSW

The following example illustrates how to use the standard error to interpret a movement

estimate. Let us say that one month the published level estimate for females employed

part-time in Australia is 1,890,000; the next month the published level estimate is

1,900,000 and the associated standard error for the movement estimate is 11,900. The

standard error is then used to interpret the published movement estimate of 10,000. For

instance, the standard error of 11,900 indicates that:

! There are approximately two chances in three that the real movement between the

two months falls within the range – 1,900 to 21,900 (10,000 + or – 11,900)

! There are approximately nineteen chances in twenty that the real movement falls

within the range – 13,800 to 33,800 (10,000 + or – 23,800).

The following table shows the standard errors for this month's movement estimates.

MOVEMENT ESTIMATES


S T A N D A R D E R R O R S continued

The estimation methodology used in the Labour Force Survey. Composite Estimationuses sample responses from nearby months as well as from the reference month toderive estimates for the reference month. This approach achieves gains in efficiency byexploiting the high similarity between the responses provided by the same respondent in

Composite Estimation

All usual residents of Australia aged 15 years and over except members of the permanentdefence forces, certain diplomatic personnel of overseas governments customarilyexcluded from census and estimated population counts, overseas residents in Australia,and members of non-Australian defence forces (and their dependants) stationed inAustralia.

Civilian population aged 15years and over

Persons aged 15–24 years enrolled full time at a TAFE college, university, or othereducational institution in the reference week, except those persons aged 15–19 yearswho were still attending school.

Attending tertiary educationalinstitution full time

Persons aged 15–19 years enrolled at secondary or high school in the reference week.Attending school

Persons aged 15–24 years enrolled at secondary or high school or enrolled as a full timestudent at a Technical and Further Education (TAFE) college, university, or othereducational institution in the reference week.

Attending full time education

Aggregate monthly hours worked measures the total number of actual hours worked byemployed persons in a calendar month. It differs from the actual hours worked estimates(and the usual hours worked estimates) since these refer only to the hours worked inthe reference week.

The methodology used to produce aggregate monthly hours worked means that theseare synthetic estimates. Seasonally adjusted and trend estimates of aggregate monthlyhours worked are available for the period July 1978 onwards.

Further information on the methodology used to produce the aggregate monthly hoursworked estimates is available on the ABS website in Information Paper: Expansion ofHours Worked Estimates from the Labour Force Survey (cat. no. 6290.0.55.001).

Actual and usual hours worked cannot be aggregated across time to produce eitherquarterly or annual estimates as they relate to only a single week in the month. Incontrast, aggregate monthly hours worked estimates are a true monthly measure, andmay be aggregated across time to produce both quarterly and annual estimates.

Aggregate monthly hoursworked

Actual hours of work refers to a specified reference period and includes:! hours actually worked during normal periods of work;! time spent in addition to hours worked during normal periods of work (including

overtime);! time spent at the place of work on activities such as the preparation of the workplace,

repairs and maintenance, preparation and cleaning of tools, and the preparation ofreceipts, time sheets and reports;

! time spent at the place of work waiting or standing by; and! time corresponding to short rest periods.

Excluded are:! hours paid for but not worked, such as paid annual leave, public holidays or paid sick

leave;! meal breaks; and! time spent on travel to and from work (excluding some self-employed).

For multiple job holders actual hours worked should equal the hours worked at all jobs.

Actual hours of work

Includes written, telephoned or applied to an employer for work; had an interview withan employer for work; answered an advertisement for a job; checked or registered with aJob Services Australia provider or any other employment agency; taken steps to purchaseor start your own business; advertised or tendered for work; and contacted friends orrelatives in order to obtain work.

Actively looking for work


G L O S S A R Y

For any group, persons who were employed or unemployed, as defined.Labour force

The matching of respondents who report in consecutive months enables analysis of thetransition of individuals between the different labour force status classifications, referredto as the matched sample. The transition counts between the different labour forcestatus classifications from one point in time to the next are commonly referred to asgross flows.

The figures presented in gross flows are presented in original terms only and do notalign with published labour force estimates. The gross flows figures are derived from thematched sample between consecutive months, which after taking account of the samplerotation and varying non-response in each month is approximately 80 percent of thesample.

Caution should be exercised when analysing these gross flows data due to:! the figures presented sum to approximately 80 percent of the population values as the

gross flows data are based on the matched sample only;! there is no adjustment applied to account for changes due to seasonal patterns

(referred to commonly as seasonal adjustment); and! the estimates of relative sizes of each transition class are subject to bias due to the

matched sample being a non-representative sample.

Gross flows

Employed persons who usually worked 35 hours or more a week (in all jobs) and thosewho, although usually working fewer than 35 hours a week, worked 35 hours or moreduring the reference week.

Full time workers

Flow estimates are a measure of activity over a given period. For example, aggregatemonthly hours worked is a measure of the total number of hours worked in a calendarmonth.

Flow estimates

Estimated resident population (ERP), is Australia's official measure of the population ofAustralia and is based on the concept of usual residence. It refers to all people,regardless of nationality, citizenship or legal status, who usually live in Australia, with theexception of foreign diplomatic personnel and their families. It includes usual residentswho are overseas for fewer than 12 months. It excludes overseas visitors who are inAustralia for fewer than 12 months. Refer to Australian Demographic Statistics(cat. no. 3101.0).

Estimated resident population(ERP)

For any group, the number of employed persons expressed as a percentage of thecivilian population in the same group.

Employment to populationratio

All persons aged 15 years and over who, during the reference week:! worked for one hour or more for pay, profit, commission or payment in kind in a job

or business, or on a farm (comprising employees, employers and own accountworkers); or

! worked for one hour or more without pay in a family business or on a farm(i.e. contributing family workers); or

! were employees who had a job but were not at work and were:! away from work for fewer than four weeks up to the end of the reference week; or

! away from work for more than four weeks up to the end of the reference week and

received pay for some or all of the four week period to the end of the reference

week; or

! away from work as a standard work or shift arrangement; or

! on strike or locked out; or

! on workers' compensation and expected to return to their job; or

! were employers or own account workers, who had a job, business or farm, but werenot at work.

Employed

previous months. For details see Information Paper: Forthcoming Changes to LabourForce Statistics, 2007 (cat. no. 6292.0).

Composite Estimationcontinued


G L O S S A R Y continued

Employed persons aged 15 years and over who want, and are available for, more hours ofwork than they currently have. They comprise:! persons employed part time who want to work more hours and are available to start

work with more hours, either in the reference week or in the four weeks subsequentto the survey; or

! persons employed full time who worked part time hours in the reference week foreconomic reasons (such as being stood down or insufficient work being available). Itis assumed that these people wanted to work full time in the reference week andwould have been available to do so.

Underemployed workers

The number of underemployed workers expressed as a percentage of the labour force.Underemployment rate

A smoothed seasonally adjusted series of estimates. See Explanatory Notes paragraphs 33to 36 for more detail.

Trend series

Stock estimates are a measure of certain attributes at a point in time and can be thoughtof as stocktakes. For example, the total number of employed persons is an account ofthe number of people who were considered employed in the Labour Force Surveyreference week.

Stock estimates

A time series of estimates with the estimated effects of normal seasonal variationremoved. See Explanatory Notes paragraphs 28 to 32 for more detail.

Seasonally adjusted series

The number of fully responding dwellings expressed as a percentage of the total numberof dwellings excluding sample loss. Examples of sample loss include: dwellings where allpersons are out of scope and/or coverage; vacant dwellings; dwellings underconstruction; dwellings converted to non-dwellings; derelict dwellings; and demolisheddwellings.

Response rate

Employed persons who usually worked fewer than 35 hours a week (in all jobs) andeither did so during the reference week or were not at work during the reference week.

Part time workers

For any group, the labour force expressed as a percentage of the civilian population aged15 years and over in the same group.

Participation rate

Persons who were not in the categories employed or unemployed, as defined.Not in labour force

The non-market sector is an industry grouping comprising the following industries:Education and training; Public administration & safety; and Health care and socialassistance. Refer to Australian National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods (cat. no. 5216.0).

Non-market Sector

The market sector is an industry grouping comprising the following industries:Agriculture, forestry and fishing; Mining; Manufacturing; Electricity, gas, water and wasteservices; Construction; Wholesale trade; Retail trade; Accommodation and food services;Transport, postal and warehousing; Information media and telecommunications; Financeand insurance services; Rental, hiring and real estate services; Professional, scientific andtechnical services; Administrative and support services; Arts and recreation services; andOther services. Refer to Australian National Accounts: Concepts, Sources and Methods(cat. no. 5216.0).

Market sector

The number of long-term unemployed persons, expressed as a percentage of the totalunemployed population.

Long-term unemploymentratio

The number of persons unemployed for 52 weeks or over.Long-term unemployed

The sum of the number of persons unemployed and the number of persons inunderemployment, expressed as a proportion of the labour force.

Labour force underutilisationrate

A classification of the civilian population aged 15 years and over into employed,unemployed or not in the labour force, as defined. The definitions conform closely tothe international standard definitions adopted by the International Conferences ofLabour Statisticians.

Labour force status



Usual hours of work refers to a typical period rather than to a specified reference period.The concept of usual hours applies both to persons at work and to persons temporarilyabsent from work, and is defined as the hours worked during a typical week or day.Actual hours worked (for a specific reference period) may differ from usual hoursworked due to illness, vacation, strike, overtime work, a change of job, or similarreasons.

Usual hours of work

For any group, the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of thecivilian population in the same group.

Unemployment to populationratio

For any group, the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of thelabour force in the same group.

Unemployment rate

Unemployed persons who:! actively looked for part time work only; or! were waiting to start a new part time job.

Unemployed looking for parttime work

Unemployed persons who:! actively looked for full time work; or! were waiting to start a new full time job.

Unemployed looking for fulltime work

Persons aged 15 years and over who were not employed during the reference week, and:! had actively looked for full time or part time work at any time in the four weeks up to

the end of the reference week and were available for work in the reference week; or! were waiting to start a new job within four weeks from the end of the reference week

and could have started in the reference week if the job had been available then.

Unemployed



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All statistics on the ABS website can be downloaded freeof charge.

F R E E A C C E S S T O S T A T I S T I C S

Client Services, ABS, GPO Box 796, Sydney NSW 2001POST

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© Commonwealth of Australia 2014Produced by the Australian Bureau of Statistics

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