6.2 Multimedia Elements

6.2.5 Video

Learning Outcomes :

At the end of this topic, students should be able to :

Describe the purpose of using video in multimedia

Identify surces of video

Identify different types of file format

Video

Video is a digital media that shows the arrangement or sequence of static pictures that give an illusion as though we are looking at moving pictures. - Agnew and Kellerman (1997)

- technology of capturing, recording, processing,

transmitting, and reconstructing moving pictures.

Capable of bringing elements that resemble actual situations, attract the users’ attention and emotions.

“Video consists of images displayed in motion.”(Shelly &

Vermaat, 2012)

Video is the product of recording moving images by using a camera or video machine.

Technology of electronically capturing, recording, processing, storing, transmitting, & reconstructing a sequence of still images representing scenes in motion.

The purpose of video is to provides a powerful impact in a multimedia program.

Video

Advantages Disadvantages

• video clips can be edited easily

• the digital video files can be stored like any other files in the computer and the quality of the video can still be maintained

• the video files can be transferred within a computer network

• it allows editing in any part of the video

• these digital video files are large in size

• transferring these files can take a long time especially when using the Internet.

Video

Analog signal into digitized signal

Purpose of using video

Its dramatic ability used to elicit an emotional response

Convey information about environment which is dangerous and costly in real life.

To give examples of phenomena or issues

Helpful in placing theoretical concept into context

Video places the highest performance demand on computer and its memory and storage.

Digital video has replaced analog as the method of choice for making and delivering video for multimedia.

Digital video eliminates the image-degrading analog-to-digital conversion.

Many digital video sources exist, but getting the rights can be difficult, time-consuming and expensive

Sources of video

i. Video cassette recorders

ii. laser disc

iii. BetaCam

iv. Camcoders

Video

i. video cassette recorders

• The video cassette recorder (or VCR, also known as the video recorder).

• type of electro-mechanical device that uses removable video tape cassettes that contain magnetic tape for recording audio and video from television broadcasts. • images and sound can be played back at a more convenient time.

Sources of Video

ii. laser disc

• is a home video disc format, and was the first commercial optical disc storage medium.

• the format itself produced a consistently higher quality image

Sources of Video

iii. BetaCam

• is a family of half-inch professional videotape products• It was developed by Sony in 1982

• "Betacam" singly is often used to refer to a Betacam camcorder, a Betacam tape, a Betacam video recorder or the format itself.

• All Betacam use the same shape cassettes, meaning • vaults and other storage facilities do not have to be changed when upgrading to a new format

Sources of Video

iii. Camcorders• A camcorder (video camera recorder) is an electronic device that combines a video camera and a video recorder into one unit

• capable of recording video, like mobile phones and digital compact cameras.

• generally identified as a portable

• self-contained device having video capture and recording as its primary function.

Sources of Video

Video Editor

Adobe Premeire

Windows Movie maker

Openshot

Leawo

Video file formats:

avi mpeg flv rmvb Mkv mov

Video File Formats

Video files Graphical icon Full name

.avi Audio Video Interleave

.mpeg Moving Picture Expert Group

.flv Flash Video

.rmvb RealMedia Variable Bitrate

.mkv Matroska Video

Video File Formats

AVI (Audio Video Interleave)

• supported by almost all computers using Windows

• Windows format, plays in Windows Media Player.

• Very good quality, even at smaller resolutions.

• Large file size – not recommended for delivering video over the internet.

• Popular format for videos stored on a computer.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_Video_InterleaveAudio Video Interleave (also Audio Video Interleaved), known by its acronym AVI, is a multimedia container format introduced by Microsoft in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows technology. AVI files can contain both audio and video data in a file container that allows synchronous audio-with-video playback. Like the DVD video format, AVI files support multiple streaming audio and video, although these features are seldom used. Most AVI files also use the file format extensions developed by the Matrox OpenDML group in February 1996. These files are supported by Microsoft, and are unofficially called "AVI 2.0".http://www.libtiff.org/video-formats.htmlThe AVI format, which stands for audio video interleave, was developed by Microsoft.It stores data that can be encoded in a number of different codec’s and can contain both audio and video data. The AVI format usually uses less compression than some similar formats and is a very popular format amongst internet users.

refference

MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group)

• The standard for compression storage of audio and motion video for use on the World Wide Web.

o Creates video small file sizeso Popular format for videos downloaded from the internet.

• Its biggerst advantage is that it will play in many different media players.

• MPEG has standardized the following compression formats and ancillary standards:

o MPEG-1o MPEG-2o MPEG-4

Video File Formats

• MPEG (Moving Picture Expert Group)

oMPEG-1 - designed to allow moving pictures and sound to be encoded into the bit rate of a Compact Disc

oMPEG-2,- Transport, video and audio standards forbroadcast- quality television.

oMPEG-4- offers higher image quality at much smaller file sizes and compresses files in a range from 5Kbps to 10Mbps making it adaptable for delivering video to everything from cell phones to HD quality output

Video File Formats

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moving_Picture_Experts_GroupThe 'Moving Picture Experts Group' (MPEG) is a working group of experts that was formed by ISO and IEC to set standards for audio and video compression and transmission.

http://www.fileinfo.com/extension/mpegPopular video format standardized by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG); compressed using MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 compression; often used for creating movies that are distributed over the Internet.MPEG movies are typically saved with an .MPG extension.

refference

• FLV (Flash Video) o New file format widely used on the Internet.o Plays in Adobe Flash Player.o Very small file sizeo Popular format for streaming video viewed over the internet

• RMVB (RealMedia Variable Bitrate)o Real Media video file compressed using a variable bit rate.o which is optimized for the content of the videoo A newer variation of the standard Real Media (.RM)o file format that allows for more efficient compression.

Video File Formats

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_VideoFlash Video is a container file format used to deliver video over the Internet using Adobe Flash Player versions 6–10. Flash Video content may also be embedded within SWF files. There are two different video file formats known as Flash Video: FLV and F4V. The audio and video data within FLV files are encoded in the same way as they are within SWF files. The latter F4V file format is based on the ISO base media file format and is supported starting with Flash Player 9 update 3.[1][2] Both formats are supported in Adobe Flash Player and currently developed by Adobe Systems. FLV was originally developed by Macromedia.

• RMVB (RealMedia Variable Bitrate)o Become a popular format for Anime and Asian movie titles because :

• They have smaller file sizes• Lower bitrates with better quality compared

to DivX (.DVX) files.

• MKV (Matroska Video)o Video container format similar to the .AVI, .ASF,

and .MOV formats.o Supports several types of audio and video codecs.o Become popular in the anime fan-subbing community

Video File Formats

Summary

• The purpose of using video in multimedia

• Sources of video

• Video file Formats