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6 dB Precission Attenuator Measurements 5th August 2004-08-06

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7/28/2019 6 dB Precission Attenuator Measurements 5th August 2004

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7/28/2019 6 dB Precission Attenuator Measurements 5th August 2004

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7/28/2019 6 dB Precission Attenuator Measurements 5th August 2004

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Considerations to select TRL Standards [1]

Optimal LINE length is wavelength or 90 of insertion phase relative to the THRU at the center

frequency or at the geometer mean of the desired span. An insertion phase is recommended to be

between 20 to 160 respect to the THRU along the overall span to meet phase requirements.

Usable bandwidth of a single THRU/LINE pair is 8:1 (frequency span/start frequency).

Assuming a transmission media that exhibits linear phase, the following expression can be used to

select a LINE with wavelength line at the center frequency:

Electrical Length (cm) = = (LINE THRU) =( ) ( )[ ]GhzfGhzf

15

maxmin +

To determine whether this LINE meets the conditions of acceptable insertion phase, the following

expression can be used:

Phase (degrees) = (360 x f x )/c = 12 x f(Ghz) x(cm)

In this example of TRL Calibration it was used a3 cm air coaxial LINE, then with the given

formulas it was calculated thefrequency span given by:

fmin = 1 Ghz and fmx = 4 Ghz

[1] Product Note 8510 8A Agilent Network Analysis Applying the 8510 TRL Calibration for

Non-Coaxial Measurements. Agilent Technologies.