55thth Information Revolution: Information Revolution:

The Toolshed HomeThe Toolshed Home

CA201 - 8

The Toolshed Home

• Coming of electricity

• Communication without transportation

• Radio, phonograph, newspaper & magazines – were all enjoyed at home

The Great DepressionThe Great Depression

• Mass unemployment

• Bread lines, soup kitchens

• Families evicted from homes

• They wanted FREE entertainment

““Free” EntertainmentFree” Entertainment

• Free radio entertainment was all that many people can afford

• “the Golden Age of Radio”

• Radio was much more personal

The Power of RadioThe Power of Radio

• October 30, 1938• Orson Welles’ Mercury

Theater• HG Well’s War of the

Worlds• Demonstrated the

emotional power of media• Hypodermic Needle

Effect

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Television Technology: BeginningsTelevision Technology: Beginnings

• “seeing at a distance”

• Scientific American June 1907

• Visual wireless, visual radio, electric vision

Television Technology: BeginningsTelevision Technology: Beginnings

1884Paul Gottlieb Nipkow

“Nipkow Disk”1st major technological discovery to suggest

that pictures could travel

Television Technology: BeginningsTelevision Technology: Beginnings

1923Vladimir Zworykin

Developed an all-electronic system to transform a visual

image into an electrical signalthat could travel through air.

Television Technology: BeginningsTelevision Technology: Beginnings1930

Philo FarnsworthImproved Nipkow’s

Mechanical scanning device:Cathode ray, reproduces

electronic images more clearly.

Television Technology: BeginningsTelevision Technology: Beginnings

April 30, 1939NBC’s Commercial TV debut

1939 World’s Fair, NYPres. Franklin Roosevelt –

1st president to appear on TV

Early Television ProgrammingEarly Television Programming

• Like radio with pictures: variety shows, sitcoms, drama, Westerns, detective stories, soap operas and quiz shows

Rise of Television NewsRise of Television News

November 22, 1963Assassination of JFK

More than 9 out 10 American watched the coverage

1968Anti-War Demonstrations and Vietnam War

Radio in the TV EraRadio in the TV Era

1936Edwin Armstrong

introduces FM(frequency modulation)

radio

1935Martin Block

1st DJLicensed recordingslaunch disc jockeys

Gordon McLendonIntroduced format

radio-Standardized

-programs

Portable RadiosPortable Radios

1928William LearCar Radio

“drive-time audiences”6-9 am; 4-7pm

Gerald Bartell 1957

Radio’s New RoleRadio’s New Role

• Once the leisure-time “reward”

• Now accompanies almost every type of activity

• Radio as companion• Radio survived

because it adapted to fill a different need for its audience

Wiring the Toolshed: CATVWiring the Toolshed: CATV

• CATV – Community Antenna Television

• 1948 • John Walson • Demonstrated TV using

army surplus twin-lead cable

• Jerrold Electronics – designed the system

Wiring the Toolshed: CATVWiring the Toolshed: CATV

• Early CATV systems received broadcast television signals off the air and distributed the over coaxial cable to subscribers’ television

• These systems did not originate programming

Originating ProgrammingOriginating Programming

• 1951• Martin Malarkey• Pottsville,

Pennsylvania• Responsible for

local origination with his 30 min local program

• CATV was now “cable tv”

Trying to Record TelevisionTrying to Record Television

John Logie BairdThe first to produce

moving television images.

Tried to record a picture signal on

phonograph records.

Lee de ForestBuilt an

apparatus that included a revolving wheel and needles that etched a moving

film coated with silver.

RVL Harley and HE Ivesdevised the kinescope.

x x

The First Videotape MachinesThe First Videotape Machines• 1956• Ampex succeeded in

devising a video recorder

• 3M worked with Ampex to make high quality recording tape

• 1958 – networks were recording in color

• 1971 – Sony introduced the Umatic ¾ cassette tape recorder

Home VideosHome VideosPeople do not have to read a

book when its delivered. Why should they have to

see a TV program when it is delivered?

Akio MoritaSONY President

1975SONY introduced the

Betamax.

1976JVC introduced theVHS (video home

system).

Cellular Phones

• A long-rage, portable electronic device used for mobile communication

• 1945 – 0G phones were introduced

• 1970 – Amos Joel of Bell Labs invented the “call-handoff” feature

• Martin Cooper of Motorola – inventor of the first practical mobile phone

• Mid-1980s – 1G phones were launched – 1st fully automatic mobile phone system

To SummarizeTo Summarize

• NEED– Free entertainment, information by

demand• MEANS

– Radio, phonograph, telephone• SOLUTION

– Television, new radio formats, cable TV, VCRs, fiber optics, cellular phones

• EFFECT– Old media adapting to old media, time

shifting, heavy media usage, contacts decreasing