Pag

e1

5th GradeTNReady Science Study Guide

STANDARD NOTES AND INFORMATION SAMPLE QUESTION 507.1.1

Identify the

major parts of

plant and animal

cells, such as the

nucleus, cell

membrane, cell

wall, and

cytoplasm.

507.1.2

Compare and

contrast basic

structures and

functions of plant

and animal cells.

NUCLEUS – control activities of the cell; the “brain”

CYTOPLASM – the jelly like substance that fills the cell;

2/3 water

CELL MEMBRANE – thin flexible outer covering of the cell;

controls what comes in and goes out of the cell

MITOCHONDRIA – produces energy used by the cell; the

“power house” of the cell

VACUOLE – sac like structure that holds water, nutrients,

and waste

CELL WALL – tough rigid outer covering of a plant cell;

protects the cell and gives it structure

CHLOROPLAST – contains chlorophyll; makes a plant green;

where photosynthesis takes place

Only PLANT cells have a CELL WALL and

CHLOROPLASTS. They also have LARGER VACUOLES

than animal cells.

Pag

e2

507.3.1 Identify

photosynthesis as

the food

manufacturing

process in plants.

1. How does this leaf originally gets its energy?

2. What is the original source of energy?

3. What is the “food” that is produced by the plant?

4. What are the products of the process that makes food for the plant?

5. What is the waste of the plant?

6. What cell part stores the food for the plant until it needs to be used? Draw

this plant part.

7. What is the cell part that makes the food? Draw it.

507.3.2 Compare how

plants and

animals obtain

energy.

Plants are PRODUCERS because they make their own food.

Animals are CONSUMERS because they obtain energy by consuming other organisms.

Mosses and algae are plants, which mean they are producers.

Herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores are consumers.

1. Draw a food chain. Make sure the arrows are pointing in the correct direction. Label how each organism gets its energy.

“sugar”

Pag

e3

507.4.1

Recognize that

information is

passed from

parent to

offspring during

reproduction.

507.4.2

Distinguish

between

inherited traits

and those that

can be attributed

to the

environment.

Offspring receive genetic information from BOTH parents during the

process of reproduction. Traits such as freckles, hair and eye color, birthmarks, height, rolling

tongue – are all INHERITED TRAITS. Traits such as scars, broken bones, cutting or coloring your hair, pierced

ears – are all ENVIRONMENTAL TRAITS. These can also be called acquired traits.

1. Draw one inherited trait being passed down.

2. Draw an environmental or acquired trait.

Pag

e4

507.2.1

Describe the

different types

of nutritional

relationships that

exist among

organisms.

A FOOD CHAIN is a community of organisms where each member is eaten in turn by another member.

A FOOD WEB is a community of organisms where there are several

interrelated food chains.

Predators hunt and eat prey. Animals that eat plants are just consumers, not

predators because they are not hunting anything.

In order for them to be prey, they must be hunted and eaten, therefore, producers cannot be prey even though they can be consumed.

The arrow in a food chain shows the direction that the energy moves to. If a mouse eats grass then the energy moves from the grass to the mouse. Grass>>>>mouse>>>>>>>snake. The snake ends up with most of the energy.

Pag

e5

507.2.2

Distinguish

among symbiotic

relationships:

commensalism mutualism parasitism

WHO SMILES? COMMENSALISM - - one organism is helped; the other is not helped

or harmed MUTUALISM - both organisms are helped PARASITISM - The parasite lives on the host and is helped, but the

host is harmed. Remember: In order to be a symbiotic relationship, at least one organism must benefit.

1. Draw/describe an example of parasitism.

2. Draw/describe an example of commensalism

3. Draw/describe an example of mutualism.

Pag

e6

507.2.3

Use information

about the impact

of human actions

or natural

disasters on the

environment to

support a simple

hypothesis.

Both can cause habitat destruction, create lakes and mountains, kill organisms that live in affected areas, change (upset) the food chains/food webs of an ecosystem

Waste released into rivers, lakes, streams, or the ocean can cause the animal populations to decrease.

Sometimes animal habitats are destroyed by a natural disaster or harmful human activities.

If a volcano releases ash into the air and it blocks the sunlight, it can cause some plants to die.

507.5.1

Identify physical

and behavioral

adaptations that

enable animals

such as

amphibians,

reptiles, birds,

fish, and

mammals survive

in a particular

environment.

Some PHYSICAL animal adaptations include: fins, fur, feather, webbed feet, lungs, gills, moist skin, scales, sticky tongues, claws, beaks of different shapes and sizes, layers of fat, camouflage, being nocturnal, quills, poisonous, sharp or dull teeth, shells, mimicry in the way the animal or plant looks

Some BEHAVIORAL animal adaptations include: playing dead, mimicry with sound or behavior, hiding under rocks during the hottest part of a day, hibernation, migration, burrowing in the ground or under snow.

1. Draw an animal that lives in a desert and label each adaptation it has.

2. Draw an animal in the Tundra and label the adaptations it has.

3. Draw an animal that lives in a Tropical Rainforest and label each adaptation it has.

4. Draw an animal that lives in a freshwater biome and label each adaptation it has.

5. Draw an animal that lives in a Savannah and label each adaptation it has.

Pag

e7

507.5.2

Explain how

fossils provide

information

about the past.

A FOSSIL is the preserved remains of a once-living organism.

Fossils give clues about organisms that lived long ago, showing how they have changed over time.

Fossils provide evidence of how Earth’s surface has changed over time.

Fossils help us understand what environments may have been like long ago.

We can look at a fossil and tell which type of environment it lived in. If it had legs, then it was a land animal, or if it had fins or some other way of moving through water it probably lived in water.

If the animal had dull teeth, it ate plants. If it had sharp teeth then it ate meat (other animals), if it had both, it ate both plants and animals.

A trilobite is the ancestor of present day arthropods (arachnids, crustaceans, and insects)

****** USE COMMON SENSE! THINK ABOUT WHAT PRESENT DAY ANIMALS USE DIFFERENT ADAPTATION FOR. The fossil probably used that adaptation or body part for the same thing!!

Pag

e8

507.6.1

Distinguish

among the

planets according

to their known

characteristics

such as

appearance,

location,

composition, and

apparent motion.

Our Solar System has eight planets which orbit the

sun. In order of distance from the sun they are;

Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn,

Uranus, and Neptune.

Pag

e9

507.6.2

Select

information

from a complex

data

representation

to draw

conclusions

about the

planets.

READ THE CHART!!!!! READ THE CHART!!!!! READ THE CHART!!!!!

What is diameter of a planet?

507.6.3

Identify

methods and

tools for

identifying

star patterns.

We can see different Constellations each season.

How to read a star map or star

chart:

*Hold the star map at your waist

with the direction you are facing

closest to your body.

*Raise the star map over your head

to see what stars and constellations

are visible.

*Stars do not move; our planet does

instead.

* Constellations look differently in

the northern hemisphere than in

the southern hemisphere. Some

appear upside down or some cannot

be seen at all, while you can only see

part of others.

*Constellations are star patterns.

Pag

e10

507.7.1

Describe internal

forces such as

volcanoes,

earthquakes,

faulting, and

plate movements

that are

responsible for

the earth’s major

geological

features such as

mountains,

valleys, etc.

Folded Mountains are the most common type of mountain. The Rocky

Mountains are folded. A fault is a break or crack in the Earth’s crust and is usually near plate

boundaries because plates bumping into each other cause stress on nearby rock.

The Earth’s plates move because of convection heat. This heat transfer heats the rocks in the mantle causing a churning action making the plates float on top.

The Earth’s plate shift constantly. If it causes the land to shake then it is an Earthquake.

Magma builds up pressure underneath the Earth’s crust, when enough heat and pressure build up, and volcano can form.

Volcanoes, earthquakes, and faults occur most often near plate boundaries.

Faults are breaks or cracks in the Earth’s crust cause by plate bumping into each other.

Mountains can be built from two plate colliding or the land folding in other places.

Pag

e11

507.8.1

Describe the

effects of

oceans on

weather and

climate.

507.8.2

Explain how

mountains affect

weather and

climate.

Oceans release heat slowly, so in the winter, coastal areas are warmer than areas farther inland.

Oceans take longer to heat up in the summer because of its large volume. In coastal areas, the ocean cools off the air blowing on to shore, making the beach cooler than cities inland.

Warm air and water rises and cool air and water sinks. This is the convection current.

Warm air moves up mountain slopes and cools off near the top of the mountain forming a cloud that causes rain.

Once air has cooled off at the top of a mountain, a rain shadow effect happens and the cool, dry air sinks on the other side of the mountain.

The rain shadow effect is the result of moist air on the windward side of the mountain rising, cooling, and causes precipitation. The air that moves over the mountain to the leeward side is cool and dry. The closer the air moves to the bottom of the mountain, the warmer it gets. Deserts are usually found here.

Pag

e12

507.9.1

Distinguish

between physical

and chemical

properties.

A physical change takes place when a change happens and it is still the same substance.

A chemical changes takes place when it makes a new substance. Physical changes can be a change in mass, density, volume, shape, size,

state of matter, conducting electricity or heat, or dissolving. Chemical changes: a change such as rusting, burning, reacting with other

substances, forming other substances, rotting, spoiling, bubbles forming when substances are joined together, or breaking down into simpler substances.

507.9.2

Describe the

difference among

freezing, melting,

and evaporation.

>>>>>>> >>>>>>> Solid

Has a stable, definite shape Has a definite volume Particles are packed closely together Cannot move freely, can only vibrate Energy and temperature are very low Can only change their shape by force

Liquid Does not have a definite shape Shape is determined by the container in which it is held Volume is definite Particles are farther apart than in solids; can slide past each other easily Energy and temperature, in comparison to a solid, are higher

Gas Has an indefinite, unstable shape Volume is determined by the container that is closely sealed Particles are far apart from each other; can move around quickly Energy & temperature are the higher than those of solids and liquids.

When a substance is a solid and heat is added, it melts into a liquid.

When a substance is a liquid and heat is added, it evaporates into a gas.

When a substance is a gas, and heat is removed it condenses into a liquid.

Some substances can change directly from a gas to a solid. This is known as sublimation.

Some substances can change directly from a solid to a gas. This is known as deposition.

STATES

OF

MATTER

Pag

e13

507.9.3

Describe factors

that influence

the rate at which

different types

of material

freeze, melt, or

evaporate.

If you increase the surface area or the amount of heat, it will change state faster.

If you increase the volume or pressure then it will decrease the change in state of matter.

If you decrease the volume or pressure then it will increase the change in states of matter.

If you decrease the surface area or heat then it will decrease the change in state of matter.

507.10.1

Differentiate

between

potential and

kinetic energy.

Potential energy is when an object could possibly move but is not, & is at its highest when it has the possibility of moving the farthest.

Kinetic Energy is when the object is moving and is at its highest when it is moving the fastest.

The higher up from the Earth an object is, the more potential energy it has. As kinetic energy increases, potential energy will decrease.

1. Draw a roller coaster and show where you would have the most

potential energy and where you would have the least. 2. On the roller coaster, label where you would have the most kinetic

energy.

Pag

e14

507.10.2

Use data from an

investigation to

determine the

method by which

heat energy is

transferred from

one object or

material to

another.

Convection is heat that is transferred through liquid or air. Convection heats the air, water, & even the rocks inside the Earth. Conduction is heat transferring from one material touching another one

such as the bottom of a pot touching the water in it. Radiation is heat transferring through empty space like the Sun heating

water or land. The warmer object always moves the heat to the colder object. 1. Draw a pot of water being heated and label the different types of heat

transfer that are present.

507.11.1

Explain the

relationship that

exists among

mass, force, and

distance

traveled.

The more force you apply to an object, the faster it moves.

The larger the mass is of an object, the more force it will take to stop it.

An object with a larger mass will always take longer to stop than one with

a smaller mass, if you use the same amount of force to stop.

Friction is an opposing force. It pushes in the opposite direction as the

moving object.

What should you look for in a graph or chart on questions such as this?

Pag

e15

507.12.1

Recognize that

the earth

attracts objects

without touching

them.

507.12.2

Identify the

force that causes

an object to fall

to the earth.

Earth pulls everything on it toward the ground because it is the

largest object that is the closest to us.

The amount of gravity an object has depends on its mass and the

distance between it and other objects.

Gravitational pull is the reason that planets orbit around the Sun,

and the moon as well as satellites orbit around the Earth.

The Earth exerts the force of gravity on objects causing everything

on Earth to be pull toward the ground.

All objects fall to the Earth at the same rate because the rate of

gravity is the same for all objects on Earth, although air resistance

and mass will make them hit the ground at different times. Draw a baseball being thrown and label the forces and draw arrows to should all of the forces directions acting on the ball.

507.12.3

Use data to

determine how

shape affects

the rate at which

a material falls to

Earth.

The amount of air resistance an object has depends on the

shape and surface area of the object. Air resistance is a

force that pushes air against the object and works against

the force of gravity.

Pag

e16

INQUIRY and TECHNOLOGY AND ENGINEERING

STANDARD NOTES AND INFORMATION SAMPLE QUESTION

507.TE.1

Select a tool,

technology, or

invention that

could be used to

answer a specific

question.

When reading a question and the possible answers, look for things that connect or go together. Look for things that make sense together.

What tool, technology , or invention could help solve the following problems? Tell what had to be understood in order for it to be invented.

1. Getting from one place to another faster.

2. Electricity in homes.

3. Satellites that give us information about other planets.

507.TE.2

Recognize the

connection

between a

scientific

advance and the

development of a

new tool or

technology.

507.Inq.1

Select an

investigation that

could be used to

answer a specific

question.

When reading a question and the possible answers, look for things that connect or go together. Look for things that make sense together.

The development of the thermometer made it possible to measure a person’s body temperature.

The invention of the telescope allowed people to see things far away on Earth and on other planets.

The invention of the stethoscope allows doctors to listen to a patient’s heart.

Understanding gravity helped scientists develop a satellite that orbits the Earth.

Tools for a scientific method is anything that helps you observe, research, measure, experiment, or collect data.

Use the Scientific Method to answer a question that can be tested.