5gの人体暴露測定...em safety guidelines / regulations 0ghz it’is satimo art-fi 10 khz 10mhz...

MIC MRA International Workshop 2019, March 7, 2019

5Gの人体暴露測定Myles Capstick, IT’IS Foundation

Serge Pfeifer, IT’IS Foundation

Sven Kühn, IT’IS Foundation

Jingtian Xi, IT’IS Foundation

Leif Klysner, SPEAG

Romain Meyer, SPEAG

Katja Pokovic, SPEAG

Niels Kuster, IT’IS Foundation & ETH Zurich

内容

5G Sub6: 600 MHz – 6 GHz

5G mm波: 6 – 110 GHz- 安全ガイドライン: オープンイシュー- mmWave評価方法- Accurate E-Field Measurements <10 to >100 GHz

- プローブ較正 10 – 110 GHz

- スキャニングとフィールド再構成- 認証ソース- Uncertainty Budget

- システム認証

R&Dにおけるソリューション- Forward Transformation Evaluation

- 最大暴露評価- SAR とPower Densityの合成- 適合性評価- 送信電力の評価

結論

MIC MRA International Workshop 2019, March 7, 2019 2

EM Safety Guidelines / Regulations

0GHz

IT’IS

SATIMO

ART-FI

10MHz 0.10 kHz

3GHz 6

6GHz 3GHz 6

power density

GHz 10GHz

GHz 10GHz11

100kHz 300GHz

5G sub6 5G mmWave

ICNIRP SAR

FCC

IEEE


日本語訳不要

5G sub6: 600 MHz – 6 GHz


SAR 黄金規格: DASY6

IIEC 62209

FCC KDB 865664 …

IEEE 1528

ANSI-C63.19

IEC 62232

EN 50385

EN 50383:2010

EU Directive RED 2014/53/EU

AS/NZS 2772-2:2011

ARIB STD T-56 3.1

IS16133

DT-IFT-007-2015

IEEE/IEC 1528-62209

etc.


全身ファントム


最新の作成: IEC 1528-62209 5Gsub6向け

拡大周波数: 4 MHz – 10 GHz

MIMOを可能に- 相関および非相関信号用SAR combiner

- 特定ファントム- 腕- ゴーグル

no missing gaps for sub6

cDASY V6.10 ready for all sub6release 3Q19


5G mm波: 6 (10) – 110 GHz


安全性ガイドライン: オープンイシュー


規制: 改正中のガイドライン/ 開発された機器

incident 出力密度reactive near-fieldでの定義が不十分Re(S)

送信電力instrumentation ready by now

温度との関連averaging area

averaging time

combination w/ SAR


規格のための詳細な分析＆ソリューションの提案が含まれる最近の出版物

Pfeiffer S et al., Total Field Reconstruction in the Near-Field Using Pseudo-Vector E-Field Measurements: IEEE Transactions on

Electromagnetic Compatibility, 61 (2) , 2018

Carrasco E et al, Exposure Assessment of Portable Wireless Devices Above 6 GHz, Radiation Protection Dosimetry, ncy177, 2018

Neufeld E et al., Theoretical and Numerical Assessment of Maximally Allowable Power-Density Averaging Area for Conservative 5G

Exposure Assessment: Bioelectromagnetics, 39 (8), 2018

Neufeld E, et al., Systematic Derivation of Safety Limits for Time-Varying 5G Radio Frequency Exposure Based on Analytical Models and

Thermal Dose. Health Phys 115:705-711; 2018.- Foster KR Comments on Neufeld and Kuster. "Systematic Derivation of Safety Limits for Time-Varying 5G Radiofrequency Exposure Based on Analytical Models and

Thermal Dose." Health Phys. 115.6 (2018): 705-711 (submitted)

- Neufeld et al, Response to Prof. Foster's Comments on Our Paper "Systematic Derivation of Safety Limits for Time-Varying 5G Radiofrequency Exposure Based on

Analytical Models and Thermal Dose." Health Phys. 115.6 (2018): 705-711 (submitted)

Foster KR, et al. Thermal Analysis of Averaging Times in Radio-Frequency Exposure Limits Above 1GHz. IEEE Access 6:74536-74546;

2018

Samaras T et al, Theoretical Evaluation of the Power Transmitted to the Body as a Function of Angle of Incidence and Polarization at

Frequencies >6 GHz and its Relevance for Standardization. Bioelectromagnetics, 2019 (published online)

Christ A, et al., RF-Induced Temperature Increase in Layered Skin Tissue for Frequencies from 6 to 100 GHz: Bioelectromagnetics, 2019

(revision submitted)

Neufeld E, et al. Discussion on Consistent Spatial and Time Averaging Restrictions within the Electromagnetic Exposure Safety

Framework in the Frequency Range Above 6GHz for Pulsed and Localized Exposures. Bioelectromagnetics 2019 (revision submitted)


Incident Power Density (PD) versus SAR および送信電力(Str)

出力密度は意味がなく、非常に反応性の高い近接場では決定できない

特に10 GHz未満

代わりに SAR または Strを使用すべき!


mmWave評価方法


Near-Fieldにおける直接測定

E-field probes課題field distortions by substrates / probe body

directionality

H-field probes課題field distortion / scattering by probe body

E-field sensitivity

elctro-/magneto-optical probes課題spatial resolutions

sensitivity

wave-guide課題large field distortions

fixed impedance

近距離評価法

Far-Fieldでの測定による

measurement with horn antennas in the far

field + backward transformation to the near-

field課題

error < a few dBs


Backward Transformation (Towards the Source)

information about reactive fields and

evanescence fields are missing

backward propagation falls apart very close

to the source- example from 2mm to 0.1 mm

unreliable with uncertainties >10 dB

適合性試験には使用できない


By Direct Measurement in the Near-Field

E.field probeschallenges

‣ field distortions by substrates / probe body

‣ directionality

H-field probeschallenges

field distortion/scattering by probe body

E-field sensitivity

elctro-/magneto-optical probeschallenges

spatial resolutions

sensitivity

wave-guidechallenges

large field distortions

fixed impedance

近距離評価法

Via Measurement in the Far-Field

measurement with horn antennas in the far

field + backward transformation to the near-

fieldchallenges

‣ error < a few dBs


Accurate E-Field Measurements <10 to >100 GHz


EUmmWV2 Probe: Pseudo-Vector Design

プローブ- 2 dipoles (one each side of the quartz substrate)

- ≈0.9 mm long and diode loaded

- typical distance between physical tip and sensor

center: 1.5 mm

石英基盤- 幅0.9 mm

- 長さ20 mm

- 厚さ0.18 mm

- dipole sensors present

- 𝜀r = 3.8 (quartz) homogeneous

測定: three rotations around axis, (i.e., six

E-field measurements in total)

reconstruction of ellipse and elimination of

mechanical tolerances


EUmmWV2 プローブ: 反射の最小化


EUmmWV2 プローブ性能

周波数レンジ: 750 MHz – 110 GHz

ダイナミックレンジ: <20 – 10,000 V/m

with PRE-10 (minimum <50 – 3000

V/m)

hemispherical isotropyからの逸脱:

<0.5 dB at 60 GHz

linearity: <0.2 dB

compatibility: 5G-Module 1.0+ (DASY6) V1,

mmW-Module 1.0+ (ICE V2.0+)

ISO17025較正済み


EUmmW プローブ: DASY6 およびICEyへのシステム統合

Benefits

1st method to assess power density in the near-

field of sources


プローブの較正 10 – 110 GHz


較正方法 &手順

sensor model (f): 6 parameters

known calibration field: 3-antenna method

calibration points: 25 + 8 frequencies and

different inclination

determination of the sensor model parameters

with a least square fit

assessing deviation at 33 frequencies

determination of isotropy at x frequencies


較正システム: ISO17025認証

較正誤差: < ±1.0 dB

周波数範囲: 750 MHz – 100 GHz

ISO/IEC 17025 認証- 2018年5月に受領


スキャニングとフィールド再構成


再構成

knowledge of E-field distribution on two

planes allows reconstruction of phase

plane wave decomposition in infinite plane

by Fourier transformation and subsequent

reconstruction of full-wave 3D distributions

フェーズ再構成のソリューションnovel and improved algorithm based on

Gerchberg–Saxton (GS) (R. W. Gerchberg and W.

O. Saxton, “A practical algorithm for the

determination of the phase from image and

diffraction plane pictures,” Optik 35, 237 (1972))

測定要件:2 planes (grid-step λ/4): 2 × 24 × 24points


South Korea Workshop, Seoul, 20171027 29

日本語訳不要

Demonstrator: H-Field Reconstruction from E-Field Magnitudes

¥

|Hx| |Hy| |Hz|

参照 (シミュレーション)

再構成


認証ソース


5G システム認証パッケージ: 10, 30, 60, および 90 GHz

10 GHz: 8.2 – 12.4 GHz horn, SMA female

interface, enclosed

30, 60, and 90 GHz: stand-alone fixed-

frequency sources integrated with horns,

enclosed, 12 V DC supply

IEC106 AHG10に適合

リリース済み


Uncertainty Budget


予備 Uncertainty Budget

¥


システム評価


Validation Sources (Compliant with IEC106 AHG10 Report)

2つの基本EMソース- electric dipoles

- magnetic dipoles (slots)

complex arrays

しかしシミュレーション用に明確に定義されている

Cavity Backed Array of DipolesPyramidal

Horn with Slot Array

周波数: 10, 30, 60 90 GHz

ラウンドロビン (12 labs)


10 GHz Cavity Backed Array of Dipoles

2 mm 10 mm


10 GHz Cavity Backed Array of Dipoles (続き)

normalized to 0-dBm radiated power

distanc

e

(mm)

simulated

Etotal Savg1cm2

(V/m) (W/m2)

measured

Etotal Savg1cm2

(V/m) (W/m2)

deviation

Etotal Savg1cm2

(dB) (dB)

2 49.1 1.09 42.1 1.45 -1.3 1.2

5 23.0 0.804 22.5 0.738 -0.2 -0.4

10 14.3 0.451 15.7 0.420 0.8 -0.3

20 14.5 0.468 15.4 0.391 0.5 -0.8

50 13.2 0.456 14.3 0.456 0.7 0.0


90 GHz Cavity Backed Array of Dipoles

2 mm 10 mm


90 GHz Cavity Backed Array of Dipoles (続き)


distanc

e

(mm)

simulated

Etotal Savg1cm2

(V/m) (W/m2)

measured

Etotal Savg1cm2

(V/m) (W/m2)

deviation

Etotal Savg1cm2

(dB) (dB)

2 125 7.29 113 6.32 -0.8 -0.6

5 114 5.13 112 4.47 -0.2 -0.6

10 78.6 3.83 79.0 4.00 0.0 0.2

20 43.2 2.92 44.3 2.97 0.2 0.1

50 18.4 0.829 18.9 0.829 0.3 0.0


90 GHz Pyramidal Horn with Slot Array

2 mm 10 mm


90 GHz Pyramidal Horn with Slot Array (続き)

distanc

e

(mm)

simulated

Etotal Savg1cm2

(V/m) (W/m2)

measured

Etotal Savg1cm2

(V/m) (W/m2)

deviation

Etotal Savg1cm2

(dB) (dB)

2 82.2 8.31 80.0 8.82 -0.2 0.3

5 71.7 7.18 79.3 7.58 0.9 0.2

10 50.7 5.57 55.0 5.77 0.7 0.2

20 45.0 3.78 47.6 3.80 0.5 0.0

50 26.2 1.65 26.8 1.65 0.2 0.0



開発中のソリューション

R&Dパートナー-

-

IT'IS Foundation

SPEAG


Forward Transformation Evaluation (FTE)

measurements on two or three planes for each

side of the phone

conservative averaged PD evaluator for

pSnavgxcm2 and pSnavgxcm2 based on

either-validated simulations

-measurements of each antenna group separately

(can be controlled individually with a code book)

evaluation of the exposures in 3D based on

advanced forward propagation techniques

evaluation of PD distribution on any virtual

surface (e.g., SAM head, ELI phantoms, face-

down)

1Q19に利用可能


Validation of FTE: 30 GHz Cavity Backed Array of Dipoles

46

MIC MRA International Workshop 2019, March

7, 2019

Simulated vs. Measured Plane at 2 mm Simulated vs. Reconstructed XZ Plane

最大暴露評価


side of the phone


pSnavgxcm2 and pSnavgxcm2 based on

either- validated simulations

- measurements of each antenna group separately

(can be controlled individually with a code book)

evaluation of the exposures in 3D based using


evaluation of PD distribution on any virtual

surface (e.g., SAM head, ELI phantoms, face-

down)

B-release available 2Q19


SAR および出力密度の合成


side of phone


pSnavgxcm2 and pSnavgxcm2 based on either

- validated simulations- measurements of each antenna group separately (can

be controlled individually with a code book)

evaluation of the exposures in 3D based on


evaluation of PD distribution on any virtual surface

(e.g., SAM head, ELI phantoms, face-down)

PD および SARの合成

2Q19に入手可能


Conformal評価

fully conformal surfacesの測定 (e.g.,

バーチャルリアリティ (VR) デバイスの凹面)

IEC TR 63170 の全機能

3Q19に利用可能


送信電力 (Str )の評価

24 GHz未満の周波数の送信PD Str

評価

ファントムにおける送信電力Strを測定するためのcDASY6/7 モジュール

非常に近距離のトランスミッタにおける過大評価なし (<λ/2pi)

ICNIRP/IEEE に完全対応

4Q19に利用可能


結論: 5G 無線暴露測定


結論: 5Gsub6 (IEC 1528-62209)

拡大された周波数: 4 MHz - 10 GHz

MIMOを可能にする- SAR combiner for correlated & uncorrelated signals

- 特定ファントム- 腕- ゴーグル- etc.

sub6のギャップはなし

cDASY V6.10 リリース: 2Q19


結論: 5G mm波 (>6 GHz)

PD には意味がなく10 GHz 未満では評価できない(SAR または Strを代わりに使用するべき)

EUmmWプローブ

検証された新しい再構成アルゴリズム(λ/5)

トレース可能な ISO 19025較正

システムチェックソース

検証ソース

不確実性: ~0.7 dB (k=1)

適合性試験準備

option: FTE 1Q19

option: Optimizer 2Q19

option: Combiner SAR and Power Density 2Q19

option: Conformal Evaluator 3Q19module: Transmitted Power Density (Str) 4Q19


5gの人体暴露測定...em safety guidelines / regulations 0ghz it’is satimo art-fi 10 khz 10mhz...

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