WHAT IS EMERGENCY?

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HOW TO DISPOSE WHEN EMERGENCY

THE INTRODUCTION

• THE PURPOSE OF THIS TOPIC IS TO GUIDE YOU HOW TO DISPOSE WHEN EMERGENCY

• EMERGENCY IS A SERIOUS, UNEXPECTED AND OFTEN DANGEROUS SITUATION THAT REQUIRE IMMEDIATE ACTION

• WE MUST HAVE SOME SIMPLE KNOWLEDGE TO SOLVE THE PROBLEM WHEN WE ARE IN EMERGENCY CONDITION

• EXAMPLES: CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR), CHOCKING, MUSCLE CRAMPS, MINOR BLEEDING AND SPRAINED ANKLE.

CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

THE STEP OF CPR:

1. CHECK THEIR AIR WAY BY OPENING THEIR MOUSE

2. IF THEIR MOUTH IS NOT CLEAR, PLACE THE PERSON ON THEIR SIDE, OPEN THEIR MOUTH AND CLEAR THE CONTENTS

3. THEN TILT THE HEAD BACK AND CHECK BREATHING BY LOOKING CHEST MOVEMENTS UP AND DOWN

4. PUT OUR EAR NEAR TO THEIR MOUTH AND NOSE TO LISTENING THEIR BREATHING

5. Feel for breathing by putting our hand on the lower part of their chest6. If the person is unconscious and not breathing, we need to do

cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). 7. We need to place the heel of one hand in the centre of their chest and other hand on top8. Compressing to one third of their chest depth by 30 times and

give two breaths, tilt their head back by lifting chin9. Pinch their nostril closed then blow firmly into their mouth10. Five repeats in two minute until we hand over to the ambulance officer

THIS IS THE STEP OF CPRLETS ENJOY THIS VIDEO!

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CHOKING

WHAT IS CHOKING???

CHOKING IS A MAJOR CAUSE OF RESPIRATORY EMERGENCIES AND CARDIAC ARREST IN INFANTS AND CHILDREN. CHOKING OCCURS WHEN A FOREIGN OBJECT, SUCH AS FOOD, BUTTONS, COINS, OR TOY PARTS, ARE INHALED AND PARTIALLY OR COMPLETELY BLOCK THE AIRWAY, PREVENTING ADEQUATE BREATHING. IN MANY CASES OF CHOKING, PARTICULARLY IN ADULTS, THE INDIVIDUAL ACTIVELY COUGHS AND IS ABLE TO EXPEL THE FOREIGN OBJECT WITH NO ASSISTANCE OR MEDICAL ATTENTION. HOWEVER, CHILDREN AND INFANTS ARE AT INCREASED RISK OF CHOKING AND FOREIGN BODY AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION DUE TO IMMATURE AIRWAY AND DENTAL ANATOMY, DISTRACTION AND PLAY DURING EATING, AND A NATURAL TENDENCY TO PUT OBJECTS INTO THEIR MOUTHS.

A SURVEY ABOUT THE DEATH OF CHOKING

EACH YEAR, MORE THAN 17,000 INFANTS AND CHILDREN ARE TREATED IN HOSPITAL EMERGENCY DEPARTMENTS FOR CHOKING-RELATED INCIDENTS, AND MORE THAN 80 PERCENT OF THESE OCCUR IN CHILDREN AGED FOUR YEARS AND YOUNGER. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION DEATH AND INJURY ARE ESPECIALLY PREVALENT IN CHILDREN UNDER AGE FOUR DUE TO ANATOMY (SMALL AIRWAY), NATURAL CURIOSITY AND TENDENCY TO PUT OBJECTS IN THEIR MOUTHS, AND INCOMPLETE CHEWING. ACCORDING TO STATISTICS FROM THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE CONTROL AND PREVENTION, CHOKING RATES IN 2001 WERE HIGHEST IN INFANTS.

THE STEP OF CHOKING:1. STAND BEHIND THE PERSON AND WRAP ONE ARM AROUND THEIR CHEST

2. FIRMLY STRIKE THE PERSON ON THE BACK BETWEEN THE SHOULDER BLADES FIVE TIMES

3. CHECKING IF THE BLOCKAGE HAS BEEN REMOVED AFTER EACH BLOW

4. IF UNSUCCESSFUL, WE NEED TO LEAN THE PERSON FORWARD SLIGHTLY AND STAND BEHIND HIM OR HER

5. MAKE FIST WITH ONE HAND AND PLACE IT THUMB SIDE IN THE CENTRE OF THE ABDOMENS WHICH NEAR THE TOP OF THE STOMACH, JUST BELOW THE CENTRE OF THE RIB CAGE

6. THEN, GRASP YOUR FIST WITH OTHER HAND. GIVE 5 ABDOMINAL THRUSTS BY MAKING A QUICK HARD, HARD MOVEMENT, INWARD AND UPWARD 5 TIMES

7. KEEP GIVING 5 BACK BLOWS AND 5 ABDOMINAL THRUSTS UNTIL THE OBJECT IS COUGHED UP

MUSCLE CRAMPS

WHAT IS MUSCLE CRAMPS???

• A MUSCLE CRAMP IS A SUDDEN AND INVOLUNTARY CONTRACTION OF ONE OR MORE OF YOUR MUSCLES. IF YOU'VE EVER BEEN AWAKENED IN THE NIGHT OR STOPPED IN YOUR TRACKS BY A SUDDEN CHARLEY HORSE, YOU KNOW THAT MUSCLE CRAMPS CAN CAUSE EXCRUCIATING PAIN. THOUGH GENERALLY HARMLESS, MUSCLE CRAMPS CAN MAKE IT TEMPORARILY IMPOSSIBLE TO USE THE AFFECTED MUSCLE.

• LONG PERIODS OF EXERCISE OR PHYSICAL LABOR, PARTICULARLY IN HOT WEATHER, MAY LEAD TO MUSCLE CRAMPS. SOME MEDICATIONS AND CERTAIN MEDICAL CONDITIONS ALSO MAY CAUSE MUSCLE CRAMPS. YOU CAN USUALLY TREAT MUSCLE CRAMPS AT HOME WITH SELF-CARE MEASURES.

THE STEP OF MUSCLE CRAMPS:

1. RELAX, CALM DOWN AND TAKE A DEEP BREATH

2. GENTLY MASSAGE THE AFFECTED MUSCLE

3. IF THE LEG CRAMPS, FULLY STRAIGHTENING THE LEG AND BENDING OVER AND GRABBING THE END OF THE TOES, THEN CRAMP WILL EVENTUALLY RELIEVE

4. A LOCAL ANALGESIC CREAM OR OINTMENT AS THE MUSCLE RELIEF PAIN CREAM ALSO CAN BE APPLIED OVER THE MUSCLE. IN THE SAME TIME WE CAN GIVE DRINK BEVERAGES CONTAIN POTASSIUM, SUCH AS A SALT CONTAINING DRINK TO THE PATIENT.

MINOR BLEEDING

THE STEP OF MINOR BLEEDING:

1. WASH YOUR HAND TO AVOID INFECTION

2. USE DIRECT PRESSURE TO STOP THE BLEEDINGS

3. USE CLEAR WATER TO RINSE THE WOUND

4. ALSO CLEAN AROUND THE WOUND WITH SOAP AND A WASHCLOTH

5. APPLY A THIN LAYER OF AN ANTIBIOTIC CREAM OR OINTMENT TO HELP KEEP THE SURFACE MOIST, CAN DISCOURAGE INFECTION AND HELP THE BODY’S NATURAL HEALING PROCESS

6. COVER THE WOUND BY USING THE BANDAGES TO KEEP THE WOUND CLEAN AND KEEP HARMFUL BACTERIA OUT

SPRAINED ANKLE

THE STEP OF SPRAINED ANKLE:

1. ASK THE PATIENT TO HOP UP ON A TABLE OR ON SOMEPLACE STURDY WHERE THEIR FOOT CAN HANG OFF OF BY A FEW INCHES

2. PLACE THE HEELS AND LACE PADS ON THE TOP AND BACKSIDE OF THE ANKLE

3. MOVE ON TO APPLY PRE-WRAP USING BANDAGE FROM THE MID-FOOT TO THE GASTRO ACHILLES

4. COVER THE FOOT ENTIRELY IN ORDER TO PREVENT THE TAPE FROM THE STICKING TO THE SKIN

5. PLACE THREE DESCENDING ANCHOR STRIPS AT TOP OF WHERE BEGAN APPLYING THE BANDAGE

6. APPLY THREE SEMI-OVERLAPPING STIRRUPS, BEGINNING ON THE MEDIAL SIDE AND LATERAL SIDE

7. THEN, CLOSE DOWN WITH STRIPS OF TAPE THAT NEARLY COVER THE STIRRUPS

8. ADD TWO HEELS LOCKS

9. BEGIN AT THE BONY PROTRUSION AT THE SIDE OF THE ANKLE, GO UNDER THE FOOT, BRING IT BACK UP TO THE FRONT OF THE ANKLE, AND THEN WRAP IT AROUND THE BACK

10. IT SHOULD END WHERE WE STARTED IT

THE CONCLUSION

• TIMING COULD BE THE KEY TO SAVE SOMEONE’S LIFE IN EVERY EMERGENCY SITUATION

• WHEN SOMEONE IS UNCONSCIOUS, USING A COMBINATION OF CHEST COMPRESSIONS AND RESCUE BREATHS TO MINIMIZE POTENTIAL INJURIES

• CHOKING WILL CUTS OFF OXYGEN TO THE BRAIN, SO WE NEED HAVE THE BASICS OF FIRST AID FOR CHOKING AND CPR

• MUSCLES CRAMPS AND SPASMS MAKE THE PEOPLE ANNOYING AND IT CAN CAUSE MAJOR HEALTH ISSUES IN A SHORT AMOUNT OF TIME

• MOST COMMON CAUSE OF MINOR BLEEDING IS AN INJURY, GET EMERGENCY MEDICAL HELP FOR SEVERE BLEEDING

• TREATMENT FOR A SPRAINED ANKLE MAY INCLUDE REST, ICEPACKS, AND EXERCISES BECAUSE ANKLE SPRAINS ARE ONE OF THE MOST COMMON SPORTS INJURIES

HAVING A PLAN DOES NOT GUARANTEE THAT NOTHING BAD WILL HAPPEN, BUT HAVING A PLAN GIVES US FIGHTING CHANCE AGAINST SEVERE WEATHER!