58368440 gps for blinds

Combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS in a wearable guidance system for blind

Dept. of ECE, GSKSJTI, Bangalore

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction To Project

A survey in US alone tells that nearly one million people are estimated to be blind. One

of the difficulties they face every day in finding their way. Sighted people can make use

of GPS navigation systems, but blind people need additional information about the

obstacles that may be present in their path.

Figure 1.1 Global estimation of visual impairment by WHO region

Imagine being blind and trying to find your way around a city you've never visited before

that can be challenging for a sighted person. Researches design navigator system based

on new development technology, tools, small and wearable devices to help people who

are blind and visually impaired. The WHO (World Health Organization) estimates in

2002 that there are 161 million; about 2.6 % of the world population; visually impaired

people in the world, 124 million of them had low vision and 37 million are blind. These

visual impairment people are distributed fair around the world as shown the Fig. 1. For

that we try in this project to build a useful device to help the blind people to navigate

through the college campus.



1.1.1 Statement of the problem

There are over forty-five million blind and partially sighted people worldwide that face

everyday challenges living with such a disability presents. Imagine being blind and

trying to find your way around a city you've never visited before -- that can be

challenging for a sighted person. What happen if a blind is in trouble while he is on road?

At this movement if the blind can make sense of the obstacle coming on the road, also

the blind can identify it as moving or still obstacle.

Most of devices available for the blind do not give any information about obstacle’s

and manhole detection. And they are uncomfortable and also costly, hence poor blind

can’t purchase those devices.

Using GPS technology in conjunction with a structure like public transportation, those

with visual disabilities could be provided with more career opportunities, thus exulting in

a more independent lifestyle. This project explored current technology, specifically the

GPS devices, as a promising aid for both support and Encouragement to the blind and

partially sighted as they strive for an independent life. And this project also focused on

identifying the features that should be included in such a device in Order to make it better

adapted for the visually impaired community.

1.1.2 Brief description of the project

Our goal is to create a wearable guidance system for the blind in which location data

from a GPS receiver is combined with information about the user’s immediate

surroundings. We use a RF wireless personal area network (PAN) to connect the sensors

because of its low power consumption and built-in security.

The main controller is the coordinator and the two sub-stations communicate with

it but not between themselves. The main controller then analyzes the sensor information

and provides guidance to the blind person.

This device is going to provide information about obstacles and manhole detection in

local languages. Blind person has to travel in a pre-defined path.



Literature survey

Reference paper-1: GPS Talking for Blind People

Author: Ameer H. Morad

Publication: JOURNAL OF EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES IN WEB

INTELLIGENCE, VOL. 2, NO. 3, AUGUST 2010.

Work summary: In this paper, they have designed a device to help the blind people to

navigate the environment without asking anyone. The device based on GPS (Global

Positioning System), the raw data for location coordinate where the blind people stands is

detect by GPS receiver, processing these data by PIC microcontroller to calculate real

coordinate related with current position, then translate it to specific voice message which

are presorted in voice recorder, the blind person hears voice message through the

headset. Our design aims are to produce device that is more cheap by using little number

of components and easy to use so that the blind person not need to do anything just

hearing the voice message. The device be practically tested by some blind people who

are members of Abdallah Bin Maktoom blinds school in Jordan, they gives good opinion

about device.

Reference paper-2: combined scheduling of ultrasound and GPS signal in a

wearable ZigBee-Based guidance system for the blind.

Author: Minseok Song, Wanhyung Ryu, Ahron Yang.

Publication: 2010

Work summary: in this paper they have designed and implemented a wearable ZigBee-

Based guidance system in which a main controller collects ultrasound and GPS signals

from sensors attached to sub-controllers and provide appropriate directions to a blind

person. The signal from the different sources needs to be handled separately, which

reduces sampling rate, and may impact the quality of the guidance provided. To address

this we provide a new scheduling scheme that interleaves the two signals without

collision, based on the on-line estimation of signal handling times. Experimental results

show that this scheme increases a sampling rate by to 70% compared with the simple

scheme.



Reference paper-3: GPS Navigator for blind walking in a campus.

Author: Rangsipan Marukatat, Pongmanat Manaspaibool,Benjawan Khaiprapay.

Publication: world academy of science, Engineering and Technology 2010

Work summary: in this paper they have designed and developed a GPS-Based

navigation device for the blind, with audio guidance in Thai language. The device is

composed of simple and inexpensive hardware components. Its user quite interface is

quite simple. It determines optional routed to various landmarks in our university campus

by using heuristics search for the next waypoints. We tested the device and made note of

its limitations and possible extensions. This project focuses on GPS-based way finding

device, thus navigation in this paper refers to macro-navigation. The rest of the paper is

organized as follows, they should be portable and do not interfere with the blind’s normal

activities. In addition, their prices should be moderate.



SYSTEM ANALYSIS

According to WHO estimation around 2.6% of the world populations are visually

impaired. One of the difficulties they face every day is finding their way. Currently most

blind people rely on other people, dogs, and their canes to find their way in buildings.

This can be a hassle for both the visually impaired person as well as others. Many

disabled people prefer to do things independently rather than rely on others. The Blind

Audio Guidance System can provide a solution to this problem.

3.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

Currently blind consumers can choose from four GPS products:

1. Talking Signs

2. Smart Canes

3. Sonar vision glasses

4 SWAN systems

1. Talking Signs

Talking Signs is a wireless system that consists of infrared transmitters located

throughout an environment (e.g., bus terminal, museum, city streets) and infrared

receivers carried by the user. Each transmitter is programmed with and broadcasts a short

message, usually pertaining to the local environment. Talking Signs receivers are

handheld, directional and local. The signal is stronger and detectable when the receiver is

pointed at and near to a transmitter. The receiver delivers auditory information to the user

through speakers or a headset.

2. Smart Canes

This project aimed at the design and implementation of a detachable unit which acts to

augment, to allow knee-above obstacle detection. This unit consists of an ultrasonic

ranger and a vibrator controlled by a microcontroller to offer an increased detection

range of three meters. The distance information is conveyed to the user through non-



interfering multi-frequency vibratory stimuli, the frequency of vibration indicating the

proximity of obstacles. This unit is also capable of detecting fast moving obstacles.

3. Sonar vision glasses

Sonar Vision Glasses is a secondary mobility aid typically used in conjunction with

guide dog. Sonar Vision Glasses employ an ultrasound cone that measures 40 degrees in

the direction of "gaze." A low pitched tone is generated as an object comes into view

with a range of about 3-4 meters. The pitch rises as the user gets closer to the object. An

absence of sound means that there is no nearby obstacle. Obstacles on both sides and up

and down, can be detected if the user orients his or her head.

4. SWAN systems

Figure 3.1 SWAN Systems

The SWAN consists of a small laptop computer worn in a backpack, a tracking chip,

additional sensors including GPS (global positioning system), a digital compass, a head

tracker, four cameras and light sensor, and special headphones. The sensors and tracking

chip worn on the head send data to the SWAN applications on the laptop which

computes the user's location and in what direction he is looking, maps the travel route,

then sends 3-D audio cues to the to headphones guide the traveler along a path to the

destination.



ON GOING RESEARCH IN VERIOUS UNIVERCITIES

Researchers at Wright State University design a portable system; called Tyflos -- Greek

for blind – consists of a tiny camera mounted on a pair of glasses, a laptop carried in a

backpack, a headset and a microphone. Tyflos converts the images to sound. Computer

algorithms process the images and extract information from them to give the blind

information about what they are looking. Scientists at the European Commission's Joint

Research Centre have developed a prototype system, SESAMONET (Secure and Safe

Mobility Network), which uses RFID micro-chips embedded in the ground to guide a

visually impaired person through a predefined area. The microchips can be recycled from

the electronic tracking of cattle. Each micro-chip sends position signals via a dedicated

walking stick to a smart phone containing information about the location and a recorded

voice – via a Bluetooth headset - guides the visually impaired person along the route.

3.2 LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

1. The Talking Signs system is not suitable for exterior applications since transmitted signal

should not overwhelmed by a very powerful infrared light source.

2. Talking Signs, Smart Canes, and Sonar vision glasses are the systems which only detects

obstacles, however, none of them has the ability to guide a blind or partially sighted

person walking through the campus.

3. Talking Signs, Smart Canes systems are hand held.

4. A sonar vision glass doesn’t give information about pits, and they only concerned with

obstacles.

5. Even thought the SWAN system tack care of all this things, but could not affordable to

poor blind peoples.

But All of these products are beneficial in their own way, By integrating these

technologies and more (specifically, location based services like GPS), for the blind and

partially sighted, navigating through the streets may become easier.



3.3 PROPOSED SYSTEM

Our system consists of a main controller and two sub-controller that are built into a fabric

jacket. The main controller uses a AT89C52 microcontroller, while each sub-controller

has sensor. Eight ultrasound sensors are placed on the front of the jacked to detect

obstacles in front of the user. we will be using 3 ultrasound sensors for the prototype

system, while a GPS sensor is attached to one shoulder to gather location information.

Substation 1 is placed in the hand for the detection of pit, man hole. Substation 2 is

placed on the knee for the detection of front stationary obstacle. And another one sensor

is attached to the main controller for the detection of sideway obstacles like vehicles. The

main controller collates all this information and guides the blind person by means of

verbal instruction delivered through earphones.

3.4 ADVANTAGES OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

1. The main objective of our project is to design a small and simple navigate device to help

the blind people to get environmental information as voice message depend on GPS

technology.

2. GPS system offers various aids for the autonomous mobility of visually impaired

persons:

a. Provides information about turns and obstacles on the path.

b. Provides general and specific environmental information.

3. We use a RF wireless personal area network (PAN) to connect the sensors to make it as

wearable, and also because of its low power consumption and built-in security.

4. This system is energy efficient wearable device. And also gives audio guidance in local

language.

5. This system is affordable guidance system for the poor blind.

3.5 FEASIBILITY STUDY

3.5.1 TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY

This project explored current technology, specifically the GPS devices, as a promising

aid for both support and encouragement to the blind and partially sighted as they strive

for an independent life. The project focused to design a small simple and affordable

navigation device which has the capability of detecting any obstacles and pits, then gives



the information in specific voice message which are presorted in voice recorder, In order

to make it better adapted for the poor visually impaired community. Some of the

problems during project: the necessarily inaccurate identifications via the GPS system,

great difficulty using the closely spaced and lack of speech synthesizing software.

However, there remained several features of the technology that blind and partially

sighted users favored and hoped could be extended and modified. For example, the

ability to record voice messages in local language, the fact that the audio can be replayed

and messages can be replayed again and again so as to overcome outside noise.

The technology is improving every day and has potential to be a useful Navigational aid

to the blind and partially sighted community. Issues with the software will need to be

worked out.

3.5.2 ECONOMICAL FEASIBILITY

Current Commercially Available GPS Technology for Blind and Partially Sighted

Systems like The SWAN, which sells for $1,549 (for a baseline model, upgrades will

cost additional money), is a software that works with any Braille Note product. For use

with PAC Mate system, the Street Talk GPS system is retailed at $599.00.

In our system the prototype cost around Rs .8000 when this system is done on large scale

the market value will reduces to around Rs. 2000 so that poor blind can afford.

3.5.3 OPERATIONAL FEASIBILITY

The main problem that faces visually handicapped users of public transportation is the

lack of information, since most schedules and routes are communicated via visual

displays. The best way to address that issue is by having all that information available in

audio form.

Our project examined the possibility of accommodating such device for the blind and

partially sighted. One aspect considered was to create routes that follow

symmetrical/geometric shapes, i.e. walking in straight paths with turns. And another

making use of sensors to detect obstacles and pit, in wireless PAN network so as to make

the device wearable.

This system will be used if it is developed and implemented. Lots of R&D work is

involved in this project interested students can take up this as there project in future so

that further modification of this project can be done.



Hardware design

4.1 Block Diagram

4.1.1 Main Station

Figure 4.1 Main Station

4.1.2 Substations 1 and 2

Figure 4.2 Substations 1 and 2

Microcontr

oller

ATMEL

89C52

Voice

processing

chip

Headset

or

speaker

Ultrasonic

sensor 3

Decoder Receiver

(433.92M

HZ))

Decoder Receiver

(315MH

Z)

GPS

receiver

Max 232

converte

r

Ultrasonic sensor1 data out

Ad11 encoder Dout

Transmitter(433.9

2MHZ and

315MHZ)

Data ant



4.2. METHODOLOGY OF WORKING

The primary goal of our project is to help the blind people to travel independently in any

ware. Our system is going to provide information about obstacles detection and pit

detection. In this we are using GPS for navigation purpose along with that sensor are

used.

In our system the blind person has to travel in a pre-defined path, because we are already

pre loaded the latitude and longitude values.

4.3. INPUT/OUTPUT INTERFACE DESIGN

Figure 4.15 main station design



SUBSTATION:

Figure 4.16 substation design



SOFTWARE DESIGN

5.1 EXPLANATION

5.1.1 Keil Software

The software used to program is Keil µvision version 3. The Kiel µvision version

3 is the Integrated Development Environment used to build the Embedded systems. It

supports both Machine level language Assembly and High level language C.

Embedded C is high level language, which includes many aspects of ANSI

(American National Standard Institute) C programming Language. Standarad libraries

are altered or enhanced to address the pecularities of an embedded target processor. Thus

the C programming can be used along with suitable cross compilers to generate the target

machine executable codes. These C programs are referred as Embedded C programs.

The C programming is a general purpose programming language that provides

code efficiency, elements of structural programing, and a rich set of operators. Its

generality combined with its absence of restrictions, makes C a convinient and effective

programming solution for a wide vaariety of software tasks. Many applications can be

solved more easily and efficiently with C than with other more specialised languages.

The Cx51 is a cross compiler to compile C programs for the target 8051

environment and provides certain extensions to ANSI Standard C to support the elements

of the 8051 architecture. Also Kiel µvision version 3 support ARM target machines with

suitable ARM GNU compilers. These cross compilers are ground up implementation

dedicated to generate fast and compact code for the corresponding target micro

controllers. The C language on its own is not capable of performing operations that

would normally require intervention from the operating system. Instead, these

capabilities are provided as a part of standard library. Because these functions are

separate from the language itself, C is especially suited for producing code that is

portable across a wide number of platforms.



5.1.2 PROLOAD

Powerful programmer for the Atmel 89 series of microcontrollers that includes

89C51/52/55, 89S51/52/55 and many more. Proload and Firmware Version 4.1 at 57600

speeds.

Features

Supports major Atmel 89 series devices

Auto Identify connected hardware and devices

Error checking and verification in-built

Lock of programs in chip supported to prevent program copying

20 and 40 pin ZIF socket on-board

Auto Erase before writing and Auto Verify after writing

Informative status bar and access to latest programmed file

Simple and Easy to use

Works on 57600 speed

Specifications

Dimensions: 76mm x 180mm (3" x 7")

Power Supply: 14-18V DC or 12-16V AC

Interface: RS-232, 9-pin D connector

Data Speed: 57600 bps, 8 bits, no parity, 1 stop, no flow control

File format: Intel 8-bit HEX

Program Sockets: 40 pin DIP - 0.6" & 20 pin DIP 0.3" ZIF socket

Software: Works on Windows 95, 98, Me, 2000, NT, XP

Introduction

Simple to use & low cost, yet powerful flash microcontroller programmer for the Atmel

89 series. It will Program, Read and Verify Code Data, Write Lock Bits, Erase and Blank

Check. All fuse and lock bits are programmable. This programmer has intelligent

onboard firmware and connects to the serial port. It can be used with any type of

computer and requires no special hardware. All that is needed is a serial communication

port which all computers have.

Figure 5.1 ROM programmer

http://www.kmitl.ac.th/~kswichit/89prog/images/89lrg.jpg



All devices have signature bytes that the programmer reads to automatically identify the

chip. No need to select the device type, just plug it in and go! All devices also have a

number of lock bits to provide various levels of software and programming protection.

These lock bits are fully programmable using this programmer. Lock bits are useful to

protect the progam to be read back from microcontroller only allowing erase to

reprogram the microcontroller.

The programmer connects to a host computer using a standard RS232 serial port. All the

programming 'intelligence' is built into the programmer so you do not need any special

hardware to run it. Programmer comes with window based software for easy

programming of the devices.

Figure 5.2 working of Proload

Hardware

Major parts of this programmer are Serial Port, Power Supply and Firmware

microcontroller.

Serial data is sent and received from 9 pin connector and converted to/from TTL

logic/RS232 signal levels by MAX232 chip. A Male to Female serial port cable,

connects to the 9 pin connector of hardware and another side connects to back of

computer. Serial Cable is made with 9 pin male connector to 9 pin female connector and

connect pins 2,3 and 5 straight.



Power supply is attached to DC Socket, The Bridge rectifies and make the polarity

proper, This voltage is unregulated called VDD. From VDD the required supply are

generated on board.

Hardware's central part is the firmware that makes the programmer intelligent. Firmware

of this programmer is responsible to recognize inserted chip in either of the two ZIF

socket. This information is sent to ProLoad on the computer. When a hex file is sent from

the computer, the target MCU is loaded with appropriate address, data and control

signals. After the programming of all data is finished the data written is sent to computer

for verification.

Programming Software

Computer side software called 'ProLoad V4.1' is executed that accepts the Intel HEX

format file generated from compiler to be sent to target microcontroller. It auto detects

the hardware connected to the serial port. It also auto detects the chip inserted and bytes

used. Software is developed in Delphi 7 and requires no overhead of any external DLL.

Figure 5.3 Proload v4.1 dialog box

Connects to your computer's serial port (Comm 1, 2, 3 or 4) with a standard DB9 Male to

DB9 Female cable. (Cable Included). Baud Rate - 57600,COMx Automatically selected

by window software. No PC Card Required. Uses Intel Hex Data Format (Default output

of most assemblers and compilers.)



5.1.3 Program to get the GPGGA data from GPS receiver

To create lookup table for GPS navigation we need to interface LCD with GPS receiver.

And the program for the interface is as shown below.

$mod52

ORG 0000H

MOV A, #38H

LCALL COMMWRT

MOV A, #01H

LCALL COMMWRT

MOV A, #0EH

LCALL COMMWRT

MOV A, #80H

LCALL COMMWRT

MOV DPTR, #MYDATA

LCALL DATAWRTTAG

MOV A, #0C0H

LCALL COMMWRT

MOV DPTR, #MYDATA1

LCALL DATAWRTTAG

MOV TMOD, #20H

MOV TH1, #-3

MOV SCON, #50H

SETB TR1

AGAINN123: CLR RI



AGAINN: JNB RI, AGAINN

MOV A, SBUF

CJNE A, #'$', AGAINN123

CLR RI

AGAINN1: JNB RI, AGAINN1

MOV A, SBUF

CJNE A, #'G', AGAINN123

CLR RI


MOV A, SBUF

CJNE A, #'P', AGAINN123

CLR RI


MOV A, SBUF


CLR RI


MOV A, SBUF


CLR RI


MOV A, SBUF

CJNE A, #'A', AGAINN123

CLR RI

MOV R7, #34

MOV R0, #40H


MOV A, SBUF



CLR RI

MOV @R0, A

INC R0

DJNZ R7, AGAINN6

MOV R7, #09

MOV R0, #4CH

MOV A, #84H

LCALL COMMWRT

LJRETE: MOV A,@R0

LCALL DATAWRT

INC R0

DJNZ R7, LJRETE

MOV R7, #09

MOV R0, #59H

MOV A, #0C4H

LCALL COMMWRT

LJRETE1: MOV A,@R0

LCALL DATAWRT

INC R0

DJNZ R7, LJRETE1

LJMP AGAINN123

EEXIT: SJMP EEXIT

DATAWRTTAG: CLR A

MOVC A,@A+DPTR

JZ RETERE

LCALL DATAWRT

INC DPTR

SJMP DATAWRTTAG



RETERE: RET

COMMWRT: ACALL READY

MOV P1, A

CLR P2.0, RS

CLR P2.1, R/W-

SETB P2.2, EN

JB P1.7, BACK

RET

MYDATA: DB’LAT:’ 0

MYDATA1: DB’LON:’ 0

END

5.1.3.1 LOOK UP TABLE

Latitude Longitude

EC Dept

1258.6200

1258.5632

1258.6190

1258.6124

1258.6143

1258.6163

1258.6014

7735.2478

7735.2426

7735.2430

7735.2434

7735.2438

7735.2490

7735.2489

Library

1258.5816

1258.5816

1258.5809

7735.2484

7735.2483

7735.2485

1258.5827

1258.5844

1258.5878

1258.5898

7735.2495

7735.2512

7735.2529

7735.2533

1258.5923

1258.5925

1258.5929

1258.5930

1258.5931

7735.2544

7735.2545

7735.2549

7735.2549

7735.2552

1258.5950

1258.5957

1258.5963

1258.5962

7735.2553

7735.2551

7735.2552

7735.2554

1258.5969

1258.5969

7735.2564

7735.2565



1258.5970

1258.5975

7735.2570

7735.2579

1258.5482

1258.5483

1258.5489

1258.5488

7735.2579

7735.2603

7735.2611

7735.2611

7735.2616

1258.5989

1258.5989

1258.5989

1258.5988

7735.2607

7735.2606

7735.2599

7735.2596

1258.5986

1258.5987

1258.5987

1258.5988

7735.2587

7735.2585

7735.2574

7735.2570

1258.5986

1258.5985

1258.5984

7735.2560

7735.2558

7735.2556

Table 5.1 Lookup table



5.2 FLOWCHARTS

Ye

s

N

o

Ye

s

N

o

Ye

s

N

o

If the position

match zone_n

Play voice

message relate

with zone_n

If the position

match zone_1

Play voice

message relate

with zone_1

Extract position

information

• Skip the first 9 characters of

GPGGA.

• Read next 24 characters of

GPGGA which represent

Latitude and Longitudinal

components of position

Display the

position

information on

LCD

Is GPGGA fix

data detect

by GPS

receiver?

System

On

End

Interrupt from

the sensor

Stop the execution of

the main program

Go to the

corresponding Interrupt

Service Routine

Come back to the main

program



5.3 PSEUDO CODE

void interrupt FrontSideObstacle (void)

{

// Play the corresponding voice message;

}

void interrupt SideWayObstacle (void)

{


}

void interrupt ManholeObstacle (void)

{


}

Void main (void)

{

while (true)

{

if ( GPGGA fix data is detected by GPS receiver)

{

// Extract the position information;

// Display the position information on LCD;

}

else break;

if ( position matches zone_1)

{

// play the voice message related with zone1;

}



else If (position matches zone_2)

{

// play the voice message related with zone2;

}

.

.

.

else if (position matches zone_n)

{

// play the voice message related with zoneN;

}

}

}



Implementation

6.1 Implementation Plan

In our project we are mainly using 3 boards

1. Main station

2. Substation 1

3. Substation 2

6.1.1 Main station

Main station is placed near the pack or near the shoulder,becaue on of the ultrasonic

sensor is along with this station,so this sensor is going to detect obstracles.Main station

cosists of microntroller,APR 9600,decoder,GPS receiver and headset.

GPS receiver is going to collect GPGGA data.This is compared with the pre-loaded

data.if it matches then only its going to provide an audio information regading that path

,mainly we are mainly considered 3 paths for demonstration purpose.along with this we

are using 3 ultrsonic sensors are using if any sideway obstrcles comes in this pre defined

path ,then this information this provided through vioce message.

6.1.2 Substation1

The second board is placed in the knee for obstracle detection.

6.1.3 Substaton2

The third boad is place on the hand to detect the pit.



6.2 CONFIGURATION

Figure 6.1 demo path

The person wearing this system shold move in this predefined path by selescting required

destination. The proper direction is given my the system to reach his destination and also

it detects obstracle present frount or side ways, and pit on his path.

6.3 Results

The components are tested individually for its proper functioning before assembling into

the actual system. The GPS receiver is tested for its proper functioning using the hyper

terminal in the testing PC. The GPS receiver UART is connected to the Serial Com port

of the testing PC for obtaining the Latitude, longitude and other data from the receiver on

to the hyper terminal. The functioning Baud rates for both the receiver and the hyper

terminal should be configured same. The UART and the PC serial COM port are

physically connected using the DB9 connectors. When the GPS is powered up it require

sometime for data acquisition. After some time, the data in the GPGGA format is seen on

the hyper terminal continuously along with other formats also.



Figure 6.2 GPS data in the hyper terminal of the PC

Finally we have designed simple wearable guidance system for tha blind.They can travel

in campus without anyone support.This device is simple, wearable and affordadle for

blind.we have implemented cost effective device for the blind people.



Snapshots

HARWARE TO CREAT LOOK UP TABLE

INITIAL POSITION (START POINT , E.C DEPT)



CONCLUSION

In this project we design a small device, and affordable device for

Blind People, help blind people to navigate around camps, and get voice messages in

local languege, The device loaded with prototype information about some building in

faculty of engineering technology.

During designing of the device we face some problems

such as:

1) Same times the position coordinates is not stable at the same point because the GPS

system is not very accurate, it has a range of error about 2-3 meters, delay of GPS signals

when pass atmosphere, also the accuracy effect on number of satellites be detect by GPS

receiver.

2) GPS system can't use it indoor building or closed area, so we test the device outdoor

only, for indoor we must use some additional equipments.

3) The storage capacity of APR9600 voice recorder is relative small, play back ability for

only 40 to 60 seconds. So for extending and updating the device it must it with more

storage capacity chips.



Future Enhacement

In view of the ever improving accuracy of GPS receivers, increasing coverage of

differential correction, decreasing size and cost of electronics, increasing sophistication

of GI s software, and growing availability of digital maps suitable for pedestrian travel,

the prospects are excellent that truly wearable GPS-based navigation systems will

someday be used by the visually impaired peoples. Surely, obstacles remain, such as the

development of low-cost alternatives to GPS when GPS coverage is lacking, creation and

maintenance of digital maps appropriate to blind travel, fabrication of reliable,

affordable, and lightweight systems for all-weather operation, and coping with the

inevitable liability issues.

Hopefully these navigation systems will provide the visually impaired with much more

functionality than simple route guidance. As rich databases for town and cities are

developed for the larger population, databases that inform the traveler about nearby

restaurants, businesses, etc. and some of the further improvements over the project can be

as follow.

A combination of GPS and RFID technology could be successful in the future. So

that this device can be used indoor applications also.

This system can also be made to provide bus or train route information. By

integration of other technologies like RFID.

This system can also be designed to give route information of entire city by using

GSM technology together. So that Instant changes in path can also be given with the

GSM technology.

By using speech synthesizers additional information can also be given in the form of

voice message.

By integrating available technologies and more (specifically, location based services

like GPS), for the blind and partially sighted, navigating through the streets may

become easier.

58368440 gps for blinds

Documents

r0 lcall datawrt

r0 djnz r7

wearable guidance system

global positioning system

againn123 clr ri

high level language

specific voice message

voice message related