以智慧代理者理論建立可調適環境之研究:智慧住宅外殼設計為例
DESCRIPTION
智慧住宅,智慧代理者,涵構覺察,模糊邏輯與類神經模糊,可調適環境TRANSCRIPT
-
61 95~116 2007 9 Journal of Architecture, No.61, pp.95~116, Sep. 2007
1 2
123
The Study of Applying an Agent-based Theory to Build Adaptive Environment: A Smart House Envelope Design as an Example
Shang-Yuan Chen 1 Mao-Lin Chiu 2
KEYWORDS: Smart House, Intelligent Agent, Context-Awareness, Fuzzy-Logic and Neuro-Fuzzy, Adaptive Environment
ABSTRACT A smart house design has been an important research paradigm relying on information and current communication technology development. Although making use of environmental sensors, information, communication and internet technologies have inspired the creation of smart equipment; the question of How to satisfy occupants needs is still an important issue for making living space smart. An intelligent agent, as a knowledge representation tool for computing and communication functions, is an autonomous software program of artificial intelligence. This paper proposes to build adaptive environmental agents, which are able to actively detect different situations and make optimum decisions relying on fuzzy-logic, inferring and adapting their functions to meet environmental variations and different occupants needs, following neuro-fuzzy learning. This research explored potentials of a smart house envelope and proposes three key elements for system integration: (1) intelligent agent, (2) context-awareness, and (3) fuzzy theory. This research discovers that correspondent relationships and experimental transmissions between occupants and environments make environmental agents user experience-oriented, with context-awareness abilities based on the smart envelope prototypes construction, evaluation and analysis. 1, Ph. D. candidate, Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University & Lecture, Feng Chia University 2 Professor, Department of Architecture, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan
2006 8 2 2007 3 6
-
61 2007 9
96
Chiu2005a123123 1
1
context aware (Selker, 2000Dey, 2000(Who, What, When, Where)HowWhyadaptive
intelligent agentMultiagent(Wooldridge, 2002)autonomouscoupling (Padgham,2004)intelligent buildingGouin, 1986The Society of mindMinsky, 1988
-
97
intelligent building Smart house
2 Chen2005a 3
2
3
-
61 2007 9
98
123
2-1
(Aldrich, 2003)smart homehome automationintegrated home systemAldrich , 2003Dard1996Barlow199812context-specific3Gann et al., 1999 Jedamzik20011234
1960 1980s ISDN Barlow, 1998National Association of Home Builders in the USASmart House90
1960s~1980s 1980s~1990s 1995 Mozer, 1998Junestrand, 199912345
-
99
2-2
1970 1990 1977 Hewitt ActorHewitt, 1977 DVMTLesser, 1981MICEDurfee, 1989 Gasser 1991Macro 1990 , 2005Wooldridge 1980 1990 Wooldridge, 2002Gero, 20002003 2003Yan, 2004Chen, 2005b
Zadeh, 1965 (Fuzzy Sets) (Negnevitsky, 2005)Lan and Chiu, 2002200220022001Burke, 2005Ahlawat, 20042004Altrock, 1995
2-3
Mahdavi, 2005 1
123
-
61 2007 9
100
1
Adaptive Home, (Mozer, 2005)
Intelligent Working Space, (Lam, 2005)
The Aware Home, (Aldrich, 2003)
Sentient Buildings, (Mahdavi, 2005)
PAPI (Sakamura, 2005)
1997~Now 1997~Now 2000~Now 2004~Now 2004~Now
:
1 2
1 2
1 ACHE 2 3 Q-learning 4
1 2IW 3
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2 3
1 : 2 3
(Adaptive House)(Mozer, 2005) ACHE ( Adaptive Control of Home Environment) X10 TU ViennaMahdavi, 2005
-
101
0 1 the truth valueMeta-Controllers 0 1 the truth value of proposition lies between 0 and 1linguistic variablemembership functionfuzzy reasoningweights1 2 prior knowledge smart modulemapping percept to actions 4
4
-
61 2007 9
102
()()
3-1
123456 5 123 6W 4Chiu, 2005b
5
3-2
(Russell, 2003)perceptaction(reactive)(goal)(proactive)(situation)(events)6plans and sub-plans(Padgham, 2004)
-
103
6
7
sensor, a computer and actuatorRussell, 2003event-drivenbehaviorre-actionpro-actionInter-action (Padgham,2004) 7re-actionpro-actionInter-action
-
61 2007 9
104
2
()
()
()
()
2
3-3
EPBEA Fuzzy Logic Design(Altrock,1995)
1system Design12plans or sub-plans IF(E, PTHEN (B, EA)Matrix rule(Negnevitsky, 2005) 83 CoM ( Center of Maximum)
2Off-Line Optimization 1 1
3On-Line Optimization 1
4implementation
training set DoS Degree-of-Support(Altrock,1995) 9
-
105
8
9
3-4
protocolDatabasemessage(Wooldridge, 2002)
-
61 2007 9
106
(Minsky, 1988) 1012345 4.3 1234
10
4-1
Fuzzy-TECH linguistic termlow midhigh
4-2
IF =() THEN F 30 70 30
-
107
dimmid()brightlowmidhigh
4-3
11
HWL (3.6mX3.6mX3.6m)
45 500 cd/m2 11 90cm 2.7X1.8M2 HW 12Louver boardLB AgentPolymer-dispersed liquid crystals PDLC PDLC AgentPDLC dim, mid, brightlow, mid, highdown, zero, upPDLC dim, mid, brightlow, mid, high PDLC low, mid, highLB Agentbrightlowup If-then Matrix Rule 3
-
61 2007 9
108
12
Lamp agentPDLC Learning Agent(DoS.) PDLC 3.312 3.3 3 3.3 4 13
PDLC brighthigh PDLC PDLC 3 2 IF Luxbright
-
109
and Privacyhigh THEN Translow PDLC
3
-
61 2007 9
110
13
6W 5-1
6WKorkea-aho, 2000WhyHowWhoWhatWhen?Where 4
4 Why How Who 1.
2. 3. 3. 4.
What 1. 2. 3.
When 1. 2. 3.
Where 1. 2.
-
111
5-2 ,performance measure(Russell, 2003 )
( 13)
Let S=Smart E=Environmental adaptationU=Users expectation Define: When S=1 (Best Match) If E/U 1 Then S=E/U, and If E/U 1 Then S=U/E
14
1 1 1 E/U
E/U 1 U/E 1( 14) 5-3
6W WhyHowWhereWhenWhatWho 500 Lux 1000 Lux500 Lux1000-500 A 11000-500/1000-500 B 1300 Lux0.6251000-500/1300-50040~65
midbright
-
61 2007 9
112
physiological indices
1.
2. RFID
3. PDLC
4. 50 40 2
5. Tangible user interface, TUI.(universal design)
6. DoS.
-
113
7.
8. Data-logger EDLOG Fuzzy-TECH
9. F= ),,,( IF=(,,,) THEN F= ),,,( DoS.
10. 0
11. CNS 200~2000 lux 25~1600 lux 1995 500 lux
12345
-
61 2007 9
114
123
NSC-94-2211-E-006-063
(2004)--31174-77
(1995)172-178 (2003)-
(2003) (2002) (2001)
37 1-19 (2002) (2005) (Network Agents) 2-8~2-10 Ahlawat, A.S., Ramaswamy, A.(2004)Multiobjective optimal fuzzy logic controller driven active and
hybrid control systems for seismically excited nonlinear buildings, Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 130 (4):524-530.
Aldrich, F. K.(2003)Smart HomesPastPresent and Future, Richard H. (ed), Inside the Smart Home, Springer, pp17-39
Altrock, C. V.(1995)Fuzzy Logic and Neuro Fuzzy Applications Explained, Prentice Hall:18-27, 70, 79, 272-277,
-
115
Barlow, J., Gann, D.(1998)A Changing Sense of Place: Are Integrated IT Systems Reshaping the Home? The Technological Future, Proceeding of Urban Futures Conference:23-24, Durham.
Burke, M.J., Downes, R.(2005)The application of a fuzzy logic algorithm to home monitoring of infants for life threatening events, WSEAS Transactions on Circuits and Systems, 4 (9):1052-1060.
Chen, S.Y., M.L. Chiu(2005a)Toward Smart Envelopes: an agent approach for environmental awareness in houses, Proceedings of the World Sustainable Building Conference, CD format, Tokyo, Japan.
Chen, S. Y., M. L. Chiu(2005b)Building an Agent-Based System for e-Learning in Digital Design, Computer-Aided Design and Application (CAD&A) Journal, vol. 2, No. 1-4:467-469.
Chiu, M. L.(2005a)House Sense- Context-aware Houses with Smart Objects and Interfaces, Chiu, M. L. (ed.), Insights of Smart Environments, Archidata:223-240.
Chiu, M. L. and S. Y. Chen(2005b)Exploration of Smart Home Context-Aware Application- Smart-Skin as an example, Proceedings of The Fifth China Urban Housing Innovation Conference:81-87, Hong Kong.
Dard, P.(1996)Dilemmas of Telesurveillance in Housing, The ENHR Housing Conference, Helsingor. Dey, A.K.(2000)Providing Architectural Support for Building Context-Aware Applications, Ph.D. thesis,
December 2000, College of Computing, Georgia Institute of Technology. Durfee, E.H., T. A. Montgomery(1989)MICE: A Flexible Testbed for Intelligent Coordination
Experiments, Proceedings of the 1989 Distributed Artificial Intelligence Workshop:25-40. Gasser, L.(1991)Social Conceptions of Knowledge and Action: DAI Foundations and Open Systems,
Artificial Intelligence:107-138. Gann, D, Barlow, J and Venables, T.(1999)Digital Futures: Making Homes Smarter, Coventry:
Chartered Institute of Housing. Gero, J.S., Fujii, H.(2000)Computational framework for concept formation for a situated design agent,
Knowledge-Based Systems, 13 (6):361-368. Gouin, M. D., T. B. Cross(1986)Intelligent Buildings: Strategies for Technology and Architecture, Dow
Jones-Irwin, pp. 1-6 Hewitt, C., Viewing(1977)Control Structures as patterns of Passing Messages, Artificial Intelligence, vol.
8, No.3:323-364. Jedamzik, M.(2001)Smart House: A Usable Dialog System for the Control of Technical Systems by Gesture
Recognition in Home Environments, http://ls7-www.cs.uni-dortmund.de/research/gesture/argus/intelligent-home.
Junestrand, S., Tollmar, K.(1999)Video Mediated Communication for Domestic Environments: Architectural and Technological Design, Streiz, N., J Siegel, V Hartkopf and S Konomi (eds.), Cooperative Buildings: Integrating Information, Organizations and Architecture, Proceedings of CoBuild99. LNCS 1670, Springer:176-89.
Korkea-aho, M.(2000)Context-Aware Applications Survey, Department of Computer Science Helsinki University of Technology, http://users.tkk.fi/~mkorkeaa/doc/context-aware.html.
Lam, K. P., V. Srivastava(2005)Living in the intelligent workplace-Structuring and Managing Building Operation Information, in Chiu, M. L. (ed.), Insights of Smart Environments, Archidata:297-314.
-
61 2007 9
116
Lan, J.H., Chiu, M.L.(2002)Analyzing and searching design cases in building case libraries - A neural network approach, Journal of National Cheng Kung University, Vol.23:75-88.
Lesser, V., D. Corkill(1981)Functionally Accurate, Cooperative Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol.11, No. 3:81-96.
Mahdavi, A.(2005)Sentient Buildings: from concept to implementation, Chiu, M. L. (ed.), Insights of Smart Environments, Archidata:45-66.
Minsky, M.(1988)The society of mind:17-37, Simon & Schuster, Inc. Mozer, M. C.(1998)The Neural Network House: An Environment that Adapts to its Inhabitants, M. Coen
(ed.), Proceedings of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence Spring Symposium: 100-114, Menlo Park, CA: AAAI press.
Mozer, M. C.(2005)Lesson from an adaptive Home, D. J. Cook and S. K. Das (ed.), Smart environments:273-294, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Negnevitsky, M.(2005)Artificial Intelligence A Guide to Intelligent System:87~127, 268~284, Second edition published, Person education, Ltd.
Padgham, L. and M. Winikoff(2004)Developing intelligent agent systems a practical guide:21-31, 55, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Russell, S., and Norving, P.(2003)Artificial Intelligence A modern Approach (2nd ed.):1-4, 32-58., Pearson Education, Inc.
Sakamura, K.(2005)Houses of the Future- TRON House & PAPI, Chiu, M. L. (ed.), Insights of Smart Environments, Archidata:203-222.
Selker, T., W. Burleson(2000)Context-aware design and interaction in computer systems, IBM systems Journal, Vol. 39, NCS 3&4.
Wooldridge, M. J.(2002)An Introduction to Multi-Agent Systems:1-3, 23-27; 105-106, John Wiley & Sons. Yan, W., Kalay, Y.E.(2004)Simulating the behavior of users in built environments, Journal of
Architectural and Planning Research, Vol.21 (4):371-384. Zadeh, L. A.(1965)Fuzzy Sets, Information and Control, Vol. 8:338-353.