5676 5680.output

* GB786084 (A)

Description: GB786084 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in apparatus for the production of tar macadam and the like

Description of GB786084 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: -JOSEPH EDWARD KIRKHAM. Date of filing Complete Specification: May 23, 1956. Application Date: Feb 24, 1955 No 5529155. Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. 786,084 Index at Acceptance:-Class 107, 0. International Classification:-E Ole. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in Apparatus for the Production of Tar Miacadam and the like. We, BRISTOWES MACHINERY LIMITED, a British Company, of Montagu Road, Edmonton, London, N 18, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention relates to apparatus for the production of tar macadam or asphalt and has for its object to provide such an apparatus which is capable of easy and rapid erection and dismantling and which can be conveniently transported from one site to another. A well-known type of apparatus for the production of tar macadam and the like comprises a cold elevator by which stones or the like (hereinafter referred to as stones) are fed into the apparatus, a drier to which the stones are supplied by the cold elevator and which may consist of an inclined rotary drum suitably heated, a chute for conveying the dried stones from the drier, a substantially vertical hot elevator to the lower end of which the dried stones are conveyed by the chute, an outlet at the upper end of the hot elevator for discharging the stones, a screen arranged adjacent the outlet to receive the stones therefrom, bins arranged beneath the screen for the reception of the screened stones, batch weighing apparatus beneath the

bins and a mixer beneath said batch weighing means for mixing the stones with tar or bitumen, said mixer being mounted on a frame in such a way as to permit a lorry or other vehicle to be positioned beneath the same to receive the treated stones for suitable disposal. The hot elevator is usually of a height of the order of 26 feet, the combined heights lPrice 3 s 6 d l oi the screen, bins, batch weighing apparatus, mixer and supporting frame being about 23 to 24 feet It can readily be understood that the conveyance of apparatus of this size from one site to another offers considerable difficulty and it is the object of the present invention to facilitate such conveyance. According to the present invention, in apparatus comprising a drier for drying stones and mounted on a frame, a substantially vertical hot elevator which receives the dried stones, a screen for receiving the stones from the hot elevator, bins for receiving the stones from the screen, batch weighing means for weighing stones from the bins and a mixer for mixing stones from the batch weighing means with tar or bitumen, the hot elevator is provided with a strong casing which is pivoted at a point substantially midway between the top and bottom thereof, or lower, to the drier or the drier frame so that the hot elevator can be swung into a position above and substantially parallel to the drier The drier frame is preferably mounted on sliding stanchions so that it can be lowered and raised The screen is detachably mounted on an aggregate comprising the bins, the batch weighing means, the mixer and the supporting frame therefor, lifting means being provided on the hot elevator for lifting the screen relatively to said aggregate The supporting frame is also preferably provided with sliding stanchions so that it may be lowered and raised The lifting means may conveniently comprise a cathead mounted on top of the hot elevator casing, a pulley at each end of the cathead, a hand-operated winch mounted on the lower part of the hot elevator casing or on the drier frame, and a ,; 786,084 cable extending from said winch over the two said pulleys and capable of being secured to the screen. Assuming that it is desired to convey the entire apparatus to another site, the following operations are carried out The means, for example bolts, by which the screen is detachably secured to the said aggregate are disengaged; the screen is lifted slightly by the lifting means; a trailer is moved into position beneath the aggregate and the latter lowered by actuation of the sliding stanchions onto the trailer; the trailer is moved so that the screen can also be lowered onto the same; the trailer bearing the aggregate and screen is then towed to the new site; the hot elevator is swung about its pivot to occupy a substantially horizontal position; a trailer is moved into position beneath the drier frame; the drier and hot elevator are lowered by

means of the sliding stanchions onto the trailer and the trailer is towed to the new site At the new site, these operations are reversed, namely the sliding stanchions of the drier frame are extended so that the drier and hot elevator are supported clear of the trailer which is then removed; the hot elevator is swung into its operative position; the other trailer is moved into a suitable position alongside; the screen is raised by the lifting means to a height slightly above its operational height; the trailer is moved to bring the aggregate beneath the screen; the sliding stanchions are extended so that the frame supports the aggregate; the screen is lowered onto the aggregate and secured thereto The apparatus is then ready for use. It will thus be seen that the apparatus can be speedily assembled and dismantled in a simple manner and conveyed on two trailers or like conveyances. The accompanying drawings show diagrammatically an arrangement of apparatus 4 a according to the invention. Figure 1 shows the apparatus in its operative position; Figure 2 shows part of the apparatus in the course of being dismantled; Figure 3 shows part of the apparatus mounted on a trailer; and Figure 4 shows another part of the apparatus mounted on another trailer. Referring to the drawings, the apparatus as comprises the following conventional items: A cold elevator 1, of which the frame is capable of being folded about a pivot 2 when the apparatus is to be transported, a drier section 3 comprising a drier frame 4, a hot elevator 5, a screen 6, bins 7, a batch weigher 8, a mixer 9 and a support frame 10. According to the invention lifting means such as a cathead 11 is provided on the top of the hot elevator 5, and a cable 12 passes over the pulleys of the cathead 11 and is secured to the screen 6 so that the latter may be lifted by means of a winch 13 mounted on the drier frame 4. The hot elevator 5 is provided with a strong 70 casing 14 which is pivoted at 15 to the drier frame 4 The drier frame 4 is provided with sliding stanchions 16, and the support frame 10 is provided with sliding stanchions 17 A further winch 18 mounted on the 75 frame 4 carries another cable 19 which can be secured to the lower end of the hot elevator 5 The stanchions 16 and 17 are respectively spaced apart a sufficient distance to permit a trailer 20 to be moved into 80 position beneath the frame 10 and a trailer 21 to be moved into position beneath the frame 4. Figure 2 indicates a stage in the dismantling of the apparatus in which a trailer 85 has been located beneath the frame 10, the screen 6 has been lifted by means of the cable 12 and the aggregate 7-10 has been lowered onto the trailer 20 by means of the sliding stanchions 17

If desired the upper 90 part of the bins 7 may be lifted together with the screen 6, in which case the line of separation is at 22 as indicated in Figure 3. The trailer 20 is then moved to enable the screen 6 to be lowered onto the same by u 5 the side of the aggregate 7-10, as shown in Figure 3. The hot elevator is then swung about the pivot 15 by operating the winches 13 and 18 so that they pull in the cable 12 and let out A io the cable 19, until the hot elevator 5 occupies a substantially horizontal position The assembly comprising the cold elevator 1, drier 3, frame 4 and hot elevator 5 is then lowered by means of the sliding stanchions 105 16 onto the trailer 21 which has been located beneath the said assembly. The apparatus can then be conveyed on the two trailers 20 and 21 to a new site and reassembled there by following the reverse 110 procedure.

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* GB786085 (A)

Description: GB786085 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to television receivers


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DE966807 (C) FR1120041 (A) US2847665 (A) DE966807 (C) FR1120041 (A) US2847665 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECWIFIATION Date of Application, and filing Complete Specificat Ion: March, 3, 1955. Application made in Netherlands on March 6 I 954. Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. 786,085 No 6309155. Index at acceptance:-Classes 39 ( 1), D( 9 D:9 H 134); and 40 ( 7), T 3. International Classification:-C 01 r, H O lj. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Television Receivers We, PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Spencer House, South Place, Finsbury, London, E C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to television receivers each provided with a cathode-ray tube comprising a metal cone. The mounting of a large cathode-ray tube, for example of a (maxum) picture screen diameter of 21 inch, in the cabinet of a television receiver presents difficulty since such large tubes generally cannot be manufactured with small tolerances relative to the dimensions of the screen; this applies particularly to tubes comprising a metal cone. Since the said tolerances may be 5 to 10 mms, it is not possible without further expedients to determine the position of the screen in the receiver cabinet by providing a protruding supporting edge or rim narrowly surrounding the screen; if the tube were to be replaced by a new one the edge of the latter would generally not fit in the supporting edge. According to the invention this disadvantage is obviated in that the metal cone of the tube has at least three accurately positioned metal lugs protruding outwardly beyond the rim of the tube, the lugs being welded to the tube cone at circumferentially spaced points around the cone and lying in a single transverse plane adjacent the screen, the lugs engaging a supporting member provided in the receiver cabinet around the tube screen so as to correctly position -the tube in the cabinet.

Preferably the lugs are supported from a protruding edge of insulating material of the supporting member and surrounding the viewing aperture of the receiver. In a known arrangement of the present kind (British Patent Specification 691,293) the LI rim of the all-glass picture tube is provided with glass lugs which are used for correctly positioning the tube within its support For this purpose the glass lugs have to be ground to dimension, which is rather difficult and 50 expensive In contradistinction, the metal lugs may be correctly fastened to a metal cone in a simple manner by assembling in a jig. The invention will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying dia 55 grammatic drawing in which:Fig 1 is a back elevation of an embodiment of a television receiver, having a substantially rectangular screen; and Fig 2 is an axial cross-sectional view taken 60 along the broken line II-II in Fig 1. The figures show that part of a television receiver which is essential to the invention, the receiver comprising a rectangular cathoderay tube 1 arranged in a, for example, wooden 65 cabinet 3 The picture screen 5, of the tube 1 is arranged in the usual manner behind a substantially rectangular viewing aperture 7, formed in the front-wall of the cabinet 3 (Fig 2), a mask 9 of insulating material being 70 provided between the tube 1 and the said front-wall behind which mask the edge of the picture screen 5 is concealed and which also acts to insulate the edge of the metal cone 11 of the tube 1 from the cabinet 3 As may 75 be seen from Fig 2, the mask 9 is channelshaped in cross-section and is secured to the front-wall of the cabinet 3. As has been mentioned hereinbefore, the dimensions and the shape of the picture 80 screen 5 are subject to comparatively large tolerances and the mask 9 cannot be designed such that its protruding outer edge 13, for example, narrowly fits the edge of the picture screen 5 In order to ensure that the screen 5 85 invariably occupies the correct position relatively to the boundary of the viewing aperture which boundary consists of the inner edge 15 of the mask 9 adjacent the four rounded corners of the picture screen 5 four lugs are 90 786,085 welded to the metal cone 11 of the tube each consisting of an iron strip 17 to which an extension shaped in the form of a second strip 19 is secured by means of screws 21. The planes of the strips are parallel to the axis of the tube 1 Each strip 19 comprises a forked part which embraces the protruding edge 13 so that the position of the screen 5 relative to the mask 9 can be determined by means of the four lugs 17, 19 In order to enable the correct position of the screen 5 to be adjusted the strips 19 are adjustable relatively to the fixed strips 17 in that the screws 21 are

passed through too large apertures in the strips 17 The tube 1 is held by a slightly resilient brace 25 which is secured to the frame 23 of the receiver and embraces the neck 27 of the tube 1 at the junction with the conical part and exerts an axial force upon the tube in the direction of the arrow 29. Thus, the strips 19 are continuously pressed against the protruding edge 13 which acts as the supporting member The position of the extensions 19 relatively to the strips 17 can be such that between the mask part 15 and the picture screen 5 a slight intermediate space of, for example, 1 mm is left for the sake of insulation. The viewing aperture 7 may be covered by a safety pane (not shown) in the usual manner. Instead of lugs consisting of two parts 17 and 19 use may be also made of lugs which are single units In contradistinction to the strips 17 the said single unit lugs have to be welded to the cone 11 after this cone has been sealed to the screen 5, since deformations occur due to the sealing Welding of the lugs to the cone can be effected in a jig in order to ensure their fitting the edge 13 of the mask 9 When using bipartite lugs as shown in Figs 1 and 2 use may be also made of a jig for adjusting; in both cases this enables the cathode-ray tube to be replaced by a new tube which without any adjusting manipulations is arranged in the correct position relatively to the viewing aperture. The described arrangement has a further advantage in that the tube is secured in the o cabinet by means of lug members arranged on the comparatively strong metal cone of the tube, the comparatively vulnerable metalto-glass joint along the periphery of the screen not being loaded.


* GB786086 (A)

Description: GB786086 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to multi-cathode tube counter circuits


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor:-RALPH TOWNSEND. 7869086 Date offlling Complete Specification: Feb 16 1956 4 pplication Date: Miarch 9, 1955 No 6920155. Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 106 ( 1), A( 1 C:1 F: 20: 5 B: 90: 9 D: 10 B:O 1 F). International Claswification GO 6 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Multi-Cathode Tube Counter Circuits. We, THE BRITISH TABULATING MACHINE COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of 17 Park Lane, London, W 1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to circuits for use with multi-cathode gas-filled counting tubes which may be connected to form a multidenominational accumulator. When several multi cathode counting tubes are connected in cascade to form a counter, the requirements for the carry circuits between adjacent denominations are not stringent There is no interaction with the input pulses, which are fed to the lowest denomination only Various forms of carry circuit are desciribed in an article entitled "The Use of Cold Cathode Counting Tubes in Cascade", by D T Whelan, in "Electronic Engineering", March 1954, pp 118-9. In an accumulator, input pulses may be applied to all the denominations simultaneously, so that the carry circuits must be arranged in such a way that a carry pulse cannot interfere with the operation of a counting tube by the input pulses. It is an object of the invention to provide a carry circuit for use with a multi-cathode gas-filled counting tube. It is a further object of the invention to utilise the same valve for effecting carry transfer from a first to a second counting tube, and for reading out the value registered by the first counting tube. It is another object of the invention to employ this carry valve for reading out lPrice 3 s 6 d l either the value registered by the counting tube, or the complement of that value. According to the invention, value registering apparatus includes a multi-cathode discharge counting tube, different values being

registered by the location of the discharge on different ones of the cathodes, first and second circuits for each cathode connected so as to pass the cathode current when the discharge is located on such cathode, switching means adapted to perform a scanning cycle of said first circuits in sequence, discharge current flowing through a first circuit being diverted to the second circuit when such first circuit is scanned, and a bi-stable device connected so as to be triggered from a first to a second stable state in response to the diversion of current to the second circuit, whereby the registered value is indicated by the time in said cycle at which the bi-stable device is triggered. The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings showing the invention embodied in a punched card controlled machine in which multi-cathode counting tubes of the type manufactured and sold under the trade name "Dekatron" are employed as stages of an accumulator In the drawings:Figure 1 shows the card sensing and control circuits in schematic form; Figure 2 shows the counting tube circuit of a stage of the accumulator other than the highest denomination stage; Figure 3 shows the counting tube circuit of the highest denomination stage. Referring now to Figure 1, information as to whether an entry into the accumulator is to be additive or subtractive is sensed from a card by a conventional brush sensing I 786,086 mechanism 1 The feeding of the card closes card lever contacts 2, and the sensing of a designation hole in a particular column, indicating that a subtractive entry is required, completes a circuit for a winding 3 P of a designation relay from the zero potential line on the right of the drawing through machine contacts CO, closed when the machine starts to operate, through contacts 2, mechanism 1, winding 3 P to the positive supply line on the left of the drawing The designation relay operates to close contacts 3 A and thus complete an energising circuit for its own hold winding 3 H over cam contacts Cl This relay is thus held up until contacts Cl are opened near the end of a machine cycle The closing of contacts 3 A also completes a circuit for energising and add/subtract relay 4 over cam _ 10 contacts C 2 Relay 4 in operating closes contacts 4 A to complete a self hold circuit over cam contacts C 2 and cam actuated contacts C 3 The latter contacts are opened just before "zero" index point time in each sensing cycle but relay 4 can still hold over contacts 3 A and Cl Relay 4 also actuates changeover contacts 4 B the effect of which is described later. When an additive entry into the accumua O lator is required the add/subtract relay 4 is not energised so that the contacts 4 B remain in the position shown. The card sensed by the mechanism 1 is then fed to a second sensing

station 5, and in so doing closes card lever contacts 6 to render the mechanism 5 operative At this second station the number to be entered into the accumulator is sensed by a series of brushes each corresponding to one denomination Each brush controls a brush relay and for simplicity of illustration only one of the brush relays is shown in Figure 1. A winding 6 P of this brush relay is energised when its associated brush 5 a senses a hole indicating a value in the denomination to which the brush relates, the " 9 " index point being sensed first A circuit is then completed from the zero potential line over cam contacts C 4, contacts 6, mechanism 5 and winding 6 P to the positive supply line. The energisation of winding 6 P actuates changeover contacts 6 B and closes contacts 6 A to complete a circuit for the hold winding 6 H of the brush relay over contacts C 3, so that the brush relay is held operated and its changeover contacts 6 B held actuated until the contacts C 3 are opened just before the "zero" index point is sensed. The two sets of changeover contacts 4 B i O and 6 B control the stepping of the discharge in a counting tube 12 (Figure 2) in the following manner The moving contact of set 4 B is connected to the output circuit of a gas-filled triode 7 the input circuit of which includes cam controlled contacts C 5, capacitor 8 and resistors 9, 10 and 11 and the anode supply of which includes cam controlled contacts C 6 The contacts CS are closed to fire the triode 7 and contacts C 6 are then opened to extinguish it again 70 at each index point so that thyratron 7 produces an output pulse at each index point. When the brush relay is energised by the sensing of a hole at a particular index point. the output pulses from the thryratron are 75 fed to a pulse line PL through the contact set 4 B and the shifted contact set 6 B The brush relay is held energised until just before "zero", so that the number of pulses appearing on the line PL is equal to the 80 value of the sensed digit These pulses are fed to a counting tube to enter the corresponding value It will be appreciated that with the contact set 413 actuated to cause a subtractive entry into the accumulator, the 85 pulses appear on line PL until the moving contact of set 6 B is displaced by operation of the brush relay and are then suppressed. Thus, if for example, a "five" is sensed by the brush, the five pulses corresponding 90 to index points 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1 appear on line PL for additive entry whereas for subtractive entry the four pulses corresponding to index points 9, 8, 7 and 6 appear on the line PL 95 The pulse line PL feeds the pulses to the input circuit of the counting tube 12 shown in Figure 2, where they are applied to the guide electrodes of the tube The line PL is connected to one side of a

capacitor 13 100 the other side of which is connected to the cathode of a diode 14. The pulses on the line PL are fed through the diode 14 and resistors 15 and 16 to the first and second guide electrodes of the 105 tube 12 A capacitor 17 connected between the second guide electrode and ground forms an integrating circuit with the resistor 16. The D C potential of the two guide electrodes is set by two further resistors con 110 nected from the second guide electrode to the H T supply line and ground respectively. A single pulse on the line PL is effective to step the discharge from one cathode to the next via the guide electrodes Thus the dis 115 charge steps a number of times equal to the number of pulses on the line PL The operation of this form of multi-cathode tube is described in detail in an article entitled "The Dekatron", by R C Bacon and J R 120 May 1950. Such stepping may cause the discharge to be located on, or to pass the zero cathode of the tube, in which event a carry pulse must be generated to increase by one the 125 value registered by the counting tube of the next higher denominational order To provide for this each cathode of the counting tube 12 is connected through a first diode such as 18 and register such as 19 to a zero 1 M O potential line 20, the diode being poled to 32 is switched from a relatively high value permit current flow to such line Each to the relatively low value at the anode of cathode is also connected through a further, the valve 26 in the next lower denomination similarly poled diode 21 to a common carry stage, and a pulse is applied through capaciline 22 which in turn is connected to line 20 tor 32 and diode 33, to the guide electrodes 70 through a resistor 23 to step the discharge of tube 12 on one step, Normally the current from any cathode on if the valve 26 has been fired. which the discharge is located, flows through As previously mentioned, the carry relay the comparatively low impedance path con 30 is maintained energised long enough for stituted by its associated diode 18 and re a "long carry" to clear through the accumu 75 sistor 19 to line 20 so that the voltage change lator Thus where several successive stages of the carry line 22 is small This carry line of the accumulator are registering the value is connected through capacitor 24 and re " 9 ", the transfer of a carry to the first of sistor 25 to the control grid of a gas-filled these stages steps the discharge in the stage triode carry valve 26 The junction of the counting tube on to its zero cathode and thus 80 diode 18 and resistor 19 associated with generates a carry pulse for the next stage, the "zero cathode" is connected to a source where the operations are repeated and the of positive potential over normally closed carry propagated through the

succession of contacts 27 A of a read-out relay 27 (Figure stages At the end of the card sensing cycle 2 '0 1) Thus when the discharge is located on the HT supply to the carry valves is inter 85 the zero cathode the cathode current is pre rupted by cam actuated contacts C 8, thus vented from flowing through the diode 18 restoring all the carry valves to their nonand is forced to flow through the associated conducting state. diode 21, the common carry line 22, and The diodes 14 and 33 isolate the entry the resistor 23 to earth This current path and carry input circuits from each other and 90 being of relatively high impedance the volt the diodes 37 and 38 serve respectively to age change on the carry line is sufficient to restore the capacitor 13 and to prevent fire the carry valve 26 which thus serves to positive pulses from entering the tube drivindicate when the value registered by the ing circuit. tube 12 arrives at or passes through the The carry valve 26 of each stage also 95 zero position serves to provide an indication of the value The carry valve may be fired at any time registered in the tube 12 during readiout during the entry of a value into the tube 12 by causing it to fire at a time instant corredepending upon such value and the value sponding to the value of the cathode on already registered by the tube The trans which the discharge is located This is 100 fer of a carry to the tube of the next higher effected by scanning the cathodes of the denomination is, however, delayed until tube 12 with a commutator in the following completion of the value entry cycle manner. Such transfer is effected over the line The read-out relay 27 (Figure 1) is marked CARRY OUT which is connected to a energised upon closure of cam controlled 105 line, in the input circuit of the tube of the contacts C 9, at the end of a card group for next higher denomination, corresponding to example, and operates to open the contacts the line marked CARRY IN in the circuit of 27 A over which the positive bias was applied tube 12 This latter line terminates at one to the diode 18 in the "zero" cathode circuit, of the fixed contacts of a changeover contact and to close contacts 27 B and 27 C which 110 set 30 A controlled by a carry relay 30 connect the anode of the carry valve 26 to (Figure 1) Relay 30 is energised by cam the HT supply line through a connection actuated contacts C 7 at zero index point (not shown) between sockets 40, a punch time and remains energised a sufficient time magnet 41 and cam controlled contacts 42. o to permit a "long carry" to clear through The contacts 27 C also connect the HT supply 115 the accumulator as explained later line through cam controlled contacts 43 to The moving contact of set 30 normally a commutator 44 Contacts 27 D disconnect engages the other

fixed contact and is thus the normal HT supply to valve 26. connected through resistor 31 to the HT The junctions of the diodes 18 and the supply line The moving contact is con resistors 19 of all the cathodes of tube 12 120 nected to an integrating circuit 34, 35 serving are individually connected to the moving to remove spurious signals due to the opera contacts of ten changeover contact sets 45 A, tion of the contacts, and to one side of the two fixed contacts of each of which are capacitor 32 The other side of capacitor 32 connected to commutator segments correis connected through resistor 36 to line 20 sponding to the true and complementary 125 and also through diode 33 to the point versions respectively of the value assigned where diode 14 is connected to the input to the tube cathode connected to the moving circuits to the guide electrodes of tube 12 contact in each case The changeover sets Thus upon operation of the carry relay 30 45 are controlled by a true/eomplement d 5 (Figure 1) the potential applied to capacitor relay 45 (Figure 3) in dependence upon 130 786036 whether the value registered in the accumulator is in true or complementary form. The control of relay 45 is described later in the reference to Figure 3. The two cam controlled contacts 42 and 43 are operated at each index point as the value registered into the accumulator is punched into a card Thus with contacts 27 C closed a potential is applied by the successive operations of contacts 43, to each of the commutator segments in turn and over the changeover contacts 45 A to the cathode of each of the diodes 18 in turn. When the diode 18 of the counting tube cathode on which the discharge is located is thus biased by the potential from the commutator, the current from such cathode is caused to flow through the corresponding diode 21 to the common carry line 22. Contacts 27 C also apply potential over contacts 42, magnet 41 and contacts 27 B to the anode of carry valve 26 each time contacts 42 are closed so that on scanning of the cathode on which the counting tube discharge is located, the valve 26 fires and so energises the punch magnet 41 Since the card on which the read-out is to be punched is fed in synchronism with the scanning of the cathodes the punching takes place at an index point corresponding to the valve assigned to the cathode on which the discharge is located. In the event of a negative value being registered in the accumulator i e as the result of a subtraction the actuation of the changeover contacts 45 would cause the cathodes to be scanned in reverse order so that punching would take place at an index point corresponding to the complement of the value assigned to the cathode on which the discharge rests.

Referring now to Figure 3, there is shown the highest denomination stage of the accumulator which differs from preceding stages, such as that shown in Figure 2, only in that it is provided with a complement sensing circuit and that the CARRY Ou T line is connected to the CARRY IN line of the lowest denomination stage to effect an end around carry during subtraction The details of the tube circuit are not therefore shown in full it being assumed that these are the same as shown in Figure 2, and the same references are used in both Figures for corresponding items. The operation of the complement sensing circuit is as follows At the end of a card group and immediately prior to read-out the cam actuated contact C 10 is closed to apply a bias potential to the cathode of the diode 18 to the " 9 " cathode of the counting tube. This cathode is connected over line 51, capacitor 52 and resistor 53 to the grid of a valve 54 similar to the carry valve 26. If the value registered in the accumulator is in complementary form, the discharge in the counting tube of the highest denomination stage will be located on the " 9 " cathode so that the application of the bias will cause an impulse to be applied to the grid of valve 7 " 54, to fire it The carry valve 26 will not be fired at this time because its anode supply circuit is interrupted at contacts C 8. The anode circuit of valve 54 includes a cam actuated contact Cli and truelcom 75 plement relays such as 45 each of which is energised when the valve 54 fires, and each operates the changeover contacts 45 A in one of the stages of the accumulator so that a complementary readout takes place The S contacts C 8 restore the anode potential to the carry valve 26 in the highest denomination circuit, when the complement sensing has been effected, in readiness for the scanning of the cathodes by the commutator in 55 the manner previously described The contacts C 11 interrupt the anode supply to valve 54 after read-out so that it is extinguished in readiness for further complement sensing. The accumulator described above may be 90 used in conjunction with a machine, gene ally known as a "reproducer", similar to that described in British Patent Specification No 442,534 These are a reading card feed and a punching card feed The reading 95 feed has two sensing mechanism corresponding to the mechanisms 1 and 5. The punching car feed has a set of punch magnets each corresponding to the magne 41,, which may be operated in a timed manner to punch a hole at a required index point in a column of a card. Such a machine has a set of cams, for controlling the timed operation of contacts, associated with each feed The cam con '03 tacts, such as CO, Cl, C 2 etc, which are effective during entry and carry operations

may be operated by cams mounted on the reading feed cam shaft The cam contacts, such as C 8, which are effective during read I ii out may be operated by cams mounted on the punching feed cam shaft. It will be appreciated that the magnet 41 may be used to control the setting of a printing member, instead of controlling 113 punching Printing mechanisms operable by timed impulses for character selection are well known. Although the invention has been described as applied to a decimal accumulator, it 120 may equally well be applied to accumulators working in other scales, such as duo-decimal, and to accumulators for mixed scales, such as British or Indian currency.


* GB786087 (A)

Description: GB786087 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Polystyrene compositions with high impact tenacity and notch impact tenacity

Description of GB786087 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 7863087 Date of filing Complete Specification: Feb 8, 1956.

Application Date: March 10, 1955. No 7024/55. 1 Complete Specification Published: Nov13, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 6), P 2 C( 6 BI: 131 13 C:: 17: 20 B: 20 D 1: 20 D 3), P 2 (D 1 A: K 7), P 2 PI(B: C: El: E 5), P 2 (P 2 A 4: 52: TIA), P 7 C( 6 B: 131: 17: 20 B: 20 DI: D 3), P 7 DZA(l: 2 A: 2 B: 4), P 7 K( 2: 8: 11), P 7 PI(B: C: El: E 5), P 7 (P 2 A 4: 52), P 8 C( 6 B: 13 B: 17: 20 B: 20 D 1: 20 D 3), P 8 D( 2 B 2: 3 A), P 8 (K 7: 52), P 11 C( 6 B; 138: 17; 2013; 20 D 1; 20 D 3), P 11 (D 2 A: K 7: 52). International Classification:-CO 8 f. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Polystyrene Compositions with High Impact Tenacity and Notch Impact Tenacity I, HAROLD NEWBY, of English nationality, of 47, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London W C 2, do hereby declare this invention (which has been communicated to me from abroad by Chemische Werke Hills Aktiengesellschaft, a German Company, of ( 21 a) Marl, Kreis Recklinghausen, Germany) for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - It is known that the impact tenacity and notch impact tenacity of thermoplastics, in particular of polystyrene, can be improved by mutual processing with elastomers Thus it has already been proposed to dissolve rubber in monomeric styrene and to polymerise the resultant solution by known methods An impact-resistant polystyrene has also already been produced by preliminary polymerisation of monomeric styrene up to a conversion of about 90 %, addition of butadiene and further polymerisation Impact-resistant polystyrene has also been obtained by mixing polystyrene with synthetic elastomers, but such mixtures have a bad capacity for being injectionmoulded. I have now found that polystyrene resin compositions having a high shock and impact resistance and which have excellent workability are obtained by mixing polystyrene resin with a synthetic butadiene-styrene-elastomer produced by emulsion polymerisation of a mixture consisting of at least 35 % by weight of butadiene-1 3 and the corresponding quantity of styrene at a temperature of at least 500 C and a conversion of the monomers of at least 90 % by weight, in proportions in the ratio of 20 parts by weigh of the polystyrene to one part by weight of the synthetic elastomer to the lPrice 3 s 6 d l ratio of 1:1 A preferred procedure in the emulsion polymerisation consists in polymerising the said mixture at first at a temperature not exceeding about 500 C and at a conversion of about 40 % by weight of the monomers and 45 finishing the polymerisation at a temperature

above 900 C and a conversion of at least 90 % by weight of the monomers The said elastomers may be prepared by making provision for a strong activation of the polymerisation 50 by the use of high temperatures This activation results in the formation of numerous polymerisation nuclei, so that the mean chain length of the polymers is reduced It is preferable to keep the duration of polymerisation short to 55 prevent undesirable cyclisation The formation of nuclei may also be influenced by the amount of chemical activators used, as for example compounds which split off oxygen, such as hydrogen peroxide and salts of persulphuric 60 acid The term polystyrene is intended to include not only polystyrene itself (which may be obtained by emulsion, block or suspension polymerisation) but also polymers of styrene derivatives, as for example a-methylstyrene, 65 a-ethylstyrene, o-chlorstyrene, p-isopropylstyrene and also copolymers of these compounds with each other or also with other vinyl compounds, such as acrylonitrile, vinyl carbazole and acrylic acid esters 70 The ratio of the polystyrene to the synthetic elastomer can vary within wide limits, as for example 10:0 5 to 1:1, and depends on the nature of the elastomers used and the desired action, and is preferably determined by pre 75 liminary experiment Increase in the proportion of synthetic elastomer increases the impact tenacity and notch impact tenacity Since the synthetic elastomers still contain double linkages, it is preferable to add anti-ageing agents 80 786,087 It is preferable to select those which do not deleteriously affect the colour of the end product, as for example distyrolised diphenylamine obtained by the reaction of 2 molecules of styrene with 1 molecule of diphenylamino, 2.6-tertiary-butyl-4-methyl-phenol and 2 2methylene bis ( 4 methyl-6-tertiary-butylphenol). In order still further to improve the capacity of the mixture for being processed, it may be advantageous to add lubricants, plasticisers or softeners, for which purpose butyl stearate, cyclohexyl stearate, di-octyl phthalate, aromatic hydrocarbons with long chain alkyl radicals and bone oil may for example be used The mixtures are usually prepared by mechanical means, as for example on mixing rollers, in an internal mixer or in the injection moulding machine itself It is also possible, however, to achieve the mixing of the two components by mixing the latices of polystyrene and a synthetic elastomer, both obtained by emulsion polymerisation, effecting precipitation and working up the product, if desired yet further homogenising the mixture on kneaders, rollers or extruders. In order to produce comparable results, such conditions should be chosen in the production of the mixtures that they always contain about the same percentages of dienes The resultant mixtures have the advantages over those prepared from polystyrene and natural rubber or

synthetic rubber which are shown in the following Table: In the Table, experiments 1, 2, 3 and 8 are given for purposes of comparison only and are not in accordance with the invention claimed. polystyrene natural rubber copolymer of 70 % butadiene and % styrene: % polymerisation conversion copolymer of 50 % butadiene and % styrene: % polymerisation conversion copolymer of 40 % butadiene and % styrene (high temperature): % polymerisation conversion copolymer of 70 % butadiene and % styrene: % polymerisation conversion copolymer of 50 % butadiene and % styrene: % polymerisation conversion butyl stearate bone oil Period (in minutes) of mixing on rollers at 140 C. injection mouldability bending strength impact tenacity notch impact tenacity softening point Vicat stability 0.7 0.35 rgood 523 3.7 0.7 0.3 bad 699 12.5 0.8 0.4 bad 781 10.6 0.7 0.3 gc 677 102 101 0.8 0.4 2 1 12 )od good p 664 .5 15 5 1 81 polystyrene alone 0.5 0.25 good 587 no fracture 24.4 103 0.5 good 539 no fracture 9.8 957 18.4 2.8 4 786,087 The following Examples will further illustrate this invention but the invention is not restricted to these Examples The parts are parts by weight. EXAMPLE 1. A: The production Of polystyrene: 4000 parts of styrene in which 8 parts of benzoyl peroxide have been dissolved are added while stirring to a suspension of 30 parts of barium sulphate of the grain size 0 2 to 1 micron in 8000 parts of water containing 0 12 part of the sodium salt of an alkylbenzene sulphonic acid with an alkyl chain of 12 to 18 carbon atoms It is polymerised for 12 hours at 85 C, washed and dried, and a polystyrene is obtained in bead form having a K-value of about 70. B: The production of the synthetic elastomer: A mixture of 9600 parts of styrene and 6400 parts of butadiene is polymerised at 60 C to a conversion of 100 % while stirring in an autoclave in 32000 parts of water in which are dissolved 320 parts of sodium buty Inaphthalene sulphonate, 8 6 parts of sodium carbonate and 17.6 parts of potassium persulphate The latex obtained is coagulated with the same amount of a 0 5 % aqueous aluminium sulphate solution while stirring at about 200 C, the precipitate being made weakly alkaline and filtered off by suction It is then washed practically free from alkali and dried at 600 C. C: The production of the mixture: parts of polystyrene (prepared as under A above) are mixed on the rollers at 1400 C. with 40 parts of synthetic elastomer (prepared as under B above) with the addition of 0 5 part of butyl stearate and 0 25 part of bone oil. A completely homogeneous mixture is obtained even after 12 minutes.

The properties of the resultant mixture are shown in column 6 of the foregoing Table. EXAMPLE 2. 24 parts of a polymer prepared from 50 parts of butadiene and 50 parts of styrene in a manner similar to that under B in Example 1 are mixed on the rollers with 24 parts of polystyrene at 1400 C with the addition of 0.8 part of butyl stearate and 0 4 part of bone oil. A homogeneous mixture is obtained even after 12 minutes. The properties of the resultant mixture are shown in column 5 of the foregoing Table. EXAMPLE 3 55 18 parts of a copolymer of 75 parts of butadiene and 25 parts of styrene, prepared in a manner analogous to that under B in Example 1, are mixed with 100 parts of polystyrene at 1400 C on the rollers with an addition of 0 7 60 part of butyl stearate and 0 3 part of bone oil. The properties of the resultant mixture are shown in column 4 of the foregoing Table.


* GB786088 (A)

Description: GB786088 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Exhaust duct assemblies for aircraft propulsion units of the combustionturbine type


PATENT SPECIFICATION 786,4 Inventors:-GEORGE FRANK UPTON and KENNETH HOWARD GREENLY. I Date of filing Complete Specification: March 13, 1956. 1 Application Date: March 30, 1955 No 9321/55.

Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 99 ( 1), G 40; and 110 ( 3), B 2 G, G 15, J 1 (DI X). International Classification:-FO 2 c, k F 061. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Exhaust Duct Assemblies for Aircraft Propulsion Units of the Combustion Turbine Type. We, D NAPIER & SON LIMITED, a Company registered under the Laws of Great Britain, of 211 Acton Vale, London, W 3, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement - This invention relates to exhaust duct assemblies for aircraft propulsion units of the combustion turbine type and has for an object to provide an exhaust duct assembly which will meet requirements satisfactorily as regards both structural requirements and efficiency where the exhaust exit or nozzle cannot, for installation or other reasons, be arranged to lie directly in rear of the turbine exit so as to be capable of being connected thereto by a substantially straight duct. An exhaust duct assembly according to the present invention for conducting the exhaust gases from the annular exhaust outlet of a combustion turbine to an exhaust exit or nozzle comprises an annular diffusing duct extending from the annular exhaust outlet of the turbine and disposed substantially coaxially therewith and of expanding crosssectional area, terminating in two similar volute ducts into which the outer end of the diffusing duct opens and extending in opposite circumferential directions from a dividing edge facing the direction of approach of gas along, the diffusing duct extending approximately radially and situated at one diametric side of the axis of such diffuser to a common delivery duct extending from the opposite diametric side of the axis of the diffuser in a direction having a substantial radial component in relation to such axis and leading to or terminating in an outlet lPrice 3 s 6 d l orifice or nozzle In most cases the common delivery duct will include a curved or bent section at the end remote from the diffusing duct leading to the outlet opening or nozzle, the direction of ejection of gas through which is thus inclined or at right angles to the axis of the common delivery duct and preferably has a substantial component in a direction parallel to the axis of the diffusing duct so as to exert a propulsive reaction force in a direction approximately parallel to the axis of the combustion turbine unit. Moreover according to a further feature of the invention the common delivery duct is preferably provided with one or more expansion joints

permitting longitudinal expansion of its parts without substantial variation in the distance between its ends, the end section of the outlet duct which is bent or curved as mentioned above being directly connected to a rigid part of the turbine or to a supporting structure for the combustion turbine unit, by one or more stress-taking members, for example in the form of struts, whereby forces applied to such bent or curved section by reason of the reaction of the jet of fluid issuing from the nozzle are transmitted directly to the turbine or supporting structure. The form of expansion joint used in the common delivery duct in the above arrangement may vary but in one preferred construction such expansion joint or each of such expansion points comprises two parts capable of limited telescopic axial movement relatively to one another and connecting means in the form of a flexible tension member, for example a wire, extending circumferentially of the common delivery duct and passing freely alternately through tangential sockets respectively on the two parts 088 786,088 of the joint in a zigzag manner so that the tension in the flexible tension member tends to hold the two parts of the joint from separation. It will be seen that with the present invention the kinetic energy in the exhaust gases issuing from the turbine outlet is largely converted in the diffusing duct to pressure energy, the gases then passing through the 1 o two volutes, preferably with some re-conversion to kinetic energy, into the common delivery duct, after which the remaining pressure energy is largely reconverted to kinetic energy in the nozzle so as to provide an efficient propulsion effect The energy in the gas leaving the turbine, therefore, is largely retained and satisfactorily used for jet propulsive effect with comparatively small loss from the considerable changes in direction imposed upon it. A form of exhaust duct assembly according to the invention is illustrated by way of example with reference to the drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification -'5 in which:Figure 1 is a side elevation of the complete assembly and the adjacent part of the power unit; Figure 2 is a section on the line 2-2 of Figure 1 on an enlarged scale; Figure 3 is a section on the line 3-3 of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Figure 2; Figure 5 is a section on the line 5-5 of Figure 2, Figure 6 is a section on the line 6-6 of Figure 2; Figure 7 is a side elevation on an enlarged scale of part of one of the expansion joints embodied in the construction shown; Figure 8 is a section on the line 8-8 of Figure 7; and Figure 9 is a similar view to Figure 8 through the other expansion joint embodied in the construction shown. In the arrangement illustrated the exhaust duct assembly is applied to the rear end of a combustion turbine propulsion unit of the Turbo-Prop

type the turbine casing of which is shown at A in Figure 1, this unit being supported from a bulkhead indicated at B by a conventional type of tubular engine mounting indicated generally at BW The exhaust gas outlet from the turbine is of the usual annular form and the exhaust duct assembly which as shown is attached at C to the rear end of the turbine casing so as to communicate with that outlet comprises an annular diffusing duct D of rearwardly expanding cross-sectional area opening at its rear end into the interior of a casing E formed to provide within it two volute ducts E' E 2 extending circumferentially in opposite directions from a dividing edge E 3 as shown in Figures 2, 3 and 6 to points which are displaced from such edge about the axis of the diffusing duct by an angle of nearly ' and which lie on opposite sides of a common partition E' before they join one 70 another and merge into a downwardly directed common delivery duct F as can be seen most clearly from Figures 1, 2 and 3, this delivery duct being of approximately circular cross section 75 The delivery duct F comprises an upper section F', an intermediate section F 2 and a lower section F 3, the upper section being connected to the intermediate section by an expansion joint G more fully described here So after while the intermediate section is connected to the lower section by a similar expansion joint H also more fully described hereafter The lowermost section F 3 is of bent or curved form as shown and terminates 85 in a nozzle F 4 from which the exhaust gases are ejected into the atmosphere with propulsive effect, splitters or guide vanes F being provided in the bent section F 3. As will be seen, the nozzle-carrying sec 90 tion F 3 of the delivery duct is directly connected by one or more structs indicated at B 2 to a bracket B 3 rigid with the turbine casing A, and constituting for example brackets by which one element of the engine 95 mounting B' is secured to such casing A. As will be seen from Figures 7 and 8. the expansion joint G comprises a flange member G' secured to the section F' of the common delivery duct, and carrying a tubu 100 lar part G 2, and a flange member G 3 which projects within the tubular part G 2 and carries a piston ring type seal G 4 in a groove therein engaging the bore of the tubular part G 2 and it is provided at an intermediate 105 point in its length with a radial flange G' having a cylindrical flange G' formed on its circumferential edge Formed on the tubular part G 2 and the cylindrical flange G 6 are lugs G 7 having grooves G, formed therein as 110 shown clearly in Figure 8, the sides of these grooves which would otherwise be open, being closed in a plate H. Thus the grooves G' form in effect passages, and extending through these 115 passages in the zig-zag manner indicated clearly in Figure 1

and Figure 7 is a flexible tension member or wire J having means by which its ends can be drawn in a circumferential direction towards one another so 120 as to tighten the wire and thus holds the parts of the expansion joint in approximately the relative positions shown. As shown in Figure 9 the expansion joint H is of the same general form as the expan 125 sion joint G except that, instead of a member such as G' rigidly connected to the section F a somewhat similar member H' is mounted to slide upon a sleeve H 2 rigidly connected to the section F 2 and is arranged 13 u to the outlet opening or nozzle the direction of ejection of gas through which is inclined or at right angles to the axis of the common delivery duct and has a substantial component in a direction parallel to the axis of the combustion turbine unit. 3 An exhaust duct assembly as claimed


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Devices & Hardware