5671 5675.output

* GB786079 (A)

Description: GB786079 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to monitoring devices used in carrier-wavetelephone systems

Description of GB786079 (A)

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BE535541 (A) CH326378 (A) DE1010111 (B) FR1122282 (A) NL184989 (B) US2851529 (A) NL99204 (C) BE535541 (A) CH326378 (A) DE1010111 (B) FR1122282 (A) NL184989 (B) US2851529 (A) NL99204 (C) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Feb 4, 1955. 786,079 No 3400/55. r, 1 Application made in Netherlands on Feb9, 1954. ___ Complete Specification Published: Nov13, 1957. Index at acoeptance:-Class 40 ( 4), R 3 D, R 11 (D:F 1:G). International Classification:-HO 4 b, j. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Monitoring Devices used Telephone Systems We, PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Spencer House, South Place, Finsbury, London, E C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be

particularly described in and by the following statement:- The invention relates to monitoring devices used in carrier-wave telephone systems for supervising (for example, by remote control) amplifiers used in a repeater station for traffic in each direction In carrier-wave telephone systems the use of such monitoring devices has particular advantages, since it makes possible the immediate indication of specific deviations from the normal operating conditions in the repeater station, so that these can be corrected at an early stage. The risk of interruptions of the transmission due, for example, to the break-down of a repeater station, is thus reduced. Such monitoring devices are of particular importance when the transmission path includes one or more unattended repeater stations, as it frequently does in carrier-wave communication over coaxial conductors, cables, or the like It is advantageous that the monitoring signals emitted by monitoring devices associated with different repeater stations should be transmitted to a terminal station, so that it may be possible to supervise the operating conditions of the entire carrier-wave telephone system, or of a section of it, from one position In this case the monitoring signals may be transmitted through the carrier-wave cable itself; for example, over separate pairs of conductors. The invention has for its object to provide a monitoring device for a repeater station in a carrier-wave system in which one or more of the following requirements may be met: ( 1) A change in anode current beyond a given limit, or the break-down of an amplifying tube is to be indicated by the monilPrice 316 l in Carrier-wave toring device, which, if desired, may actuate an alarm device in a terminal station. ( 2) If the monitoring signals are transmitted over the carrier-wave telephone cable, they and the intelligence and dialing 50 or other signals sent over the cable are substantially not to affect one another. ( 3) The transmission of the monitoring signals is to be based on the principle that normally such a signal is transmitted and de 55 terioration or failure is to be indicated by cessation or alteration of the monitoring signal. ( 4) Monitoring signals received from different repeater stations are to be distinguish 60 able. ( 5) The monitoring device is to be capable of indicating inadmissible differences between the signal levels for traffic in the two directions and of actuating an alarm device 65 ( 6) The monitoring device to be capable of indicating deterioration of the voltage supply of the repeater stations.

The invention comprises a monitoring system for supervising the operation of ampli 70 fiers in a two-way repeater in a carrier-wave telephone system, characterized in that the frequency of a monitoring oscillator associated with the repeater can be discontinuously changed by a relay circuit whose ener 75 gizing circuit is differentially connected to the anode circuits of tubes which are incorporated in different amplifiers, in such a way that in the event of a tube becoming faulty the frequency of the monitoring signal 80 emitted by the said oscillator provides a tube-test signal for indicating which of the said amplifiers contains the faulty tube; and in that a frequency-change indicator, responsive to changes in the frequency of the said 85 monitoring signal, serves to provide at a supervisory station, which may be remote from the repeater, a corresponding tube-test indication. The expression " tube-test ", in this speci 90 786,079 fication, means a test which indicates whether the anode current of a discharge tube has attained a value associated with a fault in the tube. One embodiment of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing, in which:Fig 1 shows a repeater station intermediate between two terminal stations; and Fig 2 shows a terminal station. The repeater station and terminal station shown in Figs 1 and 2 respectively form part of a carrier-wave telephone system, in which intelligence signals, pilot signals, supply voltages, monitoring signals, service messages and the like are all sent over one coaxial cable For these signals the following frequencies may be allocated: for 960 intelligence channels, 60 kc 1 s to 4 Mc /s; pilot signals, 60 kc /s: service signals from 15 kc./s to 21 kc Is, monitoring signals from 6 to 12 kc Is; supply voltage 50 c /s. The repeater station shown in Fig 1 handles two-way traffic; the cables 1, 1 ' carry the incoming signals and the cables 1, 2 ' carry the outgoing signals The ends of the cables 1, 1 ' are connected to high-pass filters 3, 3 ' and low-pass filters 5, 5 ' The ends of cables 2, 2 ' are connected to high-pass filters 4, 4 ' and low-pass filters 6, 6 ' These filters serve for separating the higher from the lower frequencies The high-pass filters 3, 4 and 3 ', 4 ' pass only the intelligence signals and pilot signals, while the low-pass filters 5, 6 and 5 ', 6 ' pass only the service messages, monitoring signals, and supply voltages. The signals selected by the high-pass filters 3, 3 ' from the cables 1, 1 ' are respectively supplied through equalizing networks 7, 7 ' and input transformers 8, 8 ' to amplifiers 9, 9 ', which are connected through output transformers 10, 10 ' and the high-pass filters 4, 4 ' to the outgoing coaxial cables 2 and 2 ' The amplifiers

9 and 9 ' are respectively constituted by two cascade-connected stages 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 ', each of which comprises two parallel-connected pentodes whose cathode circuits include negativefeedback impedances. The service messages, monitoring signals, and supply voltage pass from cables 1, 1 ' to cables 2, 2 ' through the low-pass filters 5, 6 and 5 ', 6 ' and conductors 14 and 14 ' respectively The conductors 14 and 14 ' convey supply voltages of mains frequency in phase opposition, and are connected to the primary windings of transformers 15, 15 ' whose secondary windings are connected to rectifying circuits 16, 16 ' The circuits 16, 16 ' are connected in parallel to the input terminals of a smoothing filter 17 whose output terminal 18 delivers a positive direct voltage for the anodes and screen grids of the amplifying tubes The filament voltages for these tubes are obtained from secondary windings 19, 19 '. The winding 19 supplies the filament voltage for one of the amplifying tubes in each of the amplifying stages 12, 13, 12 ', 13 ', and 70 the winding 19 ' supplies the filament voltage for the other tube in each of these stages. Thus if a breakdown occurs in one of the supply voltages across the conductors 14 and 14 ', the amplifying stages 12, 13, 12 ', 13 ' con 75 tinue to operate. The repeater station includes a device for remote monitoring, at a terminal station for example, of the amplifying stages 12, 13 and 12 ' 13 ', respectively, and this is effected for 80 traffic in each direction. The monitoring device includes a monitoring oscillator 21 whose frequency can be changed discontinuously by means of a contact voltmeter or relay 20 The energizing 85 winding of this voltmeter is connected differentially between conductors 22 and 23 which convey anode voltage to the amplifying stages 12, 13 and 12 ' 13 ' respectively The monitoring signals from the oscillator 21 con 90 trol a frequency-indicator at the terminal station The voltmeter 20 responds to changes of voltage and has fixed contacts 27 and 27 ' and a pointer contact 26 The ends of its energizing winding 28 are connected 95 to terminal 18 through resistors 24 25 which are included in the anode conductors 22 and 23. The monitoring oscillator 21 is a resistance-capacity oscillator, in which a fre 100 quency-determining circuit 29, constructed in the form of a double-T network is connected to the control grid of the oscillator pentode 21 and is provided with a grid resistor 30 The anode of the pentode 21 is 105 connected through the primary winding of an output transformer 31 to the positive terminal 18 The double-T network comprises a pair of series arms constituted by two capacitors 32 and 33, this pair being in 110 parallel with a second pair of

series arms constituted by resistors 34 and 35, together with a shunt capacitor 36 connected to the junction of the second pair and a shunt resistor 37 connected to the junction of the first 115 pair The junctions of the two pairs are respectively connected through a resistor 38 and capacitor 39 to the fixed contacts 27 and 27 ' of the contact voltmeter 20. To permit of remote monitoring of the 120 amplifying stages 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 ' the output transformer 31 of the monitoring oscillator 21 is connected to the conductor 14 ' through a bandpass filter 40 with a pass range of 6 to 12 kc /s which does not there 125 fore pass the 50-cycle supply voltage or the service-message signals which lie in the frequency band from 15 to 21 kc Is The monitoring oscillation from the oscillator is supplied through the conductor 14 ' to the co 130 786,079 axial cables 1 ' and 2 ', to which the frequency-change indicator at one terminal station is connected. The anode currents of the amplifying tubes 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 ' for the two directions of traffic produce across the resistors 24 and 25 voltage differences which are compared with one another in the coil of 28 of the contact voltmeter 20 In normal operation the pointer contact 26 lies between the fixed contacts 27 and 27 '; the pointer 26 is adjusted to the central position by means of an adjustable resistor 41 which is in series with the resistor 25. If a change in the anode current of an amplifying tube in the stages 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 ' goes beyond a predetermined limit, it causes the pointer 26 to make contact with one of the fixed contacts 27 or 27 ' in accordance with the polarity of the voltage across the winding of the relay 20 Thus the resistor 38 of the capacitor 39, as the case may be, is brought into one of the shunt arms of the double-i network 29, so that the oscillator frequency is increased or decreased. Consequently, any deviation exceeding a prescribed limit in the anode current of an amplifying tube can be determined immediately at the terminal station, where the oscillator frequency is indicated by a suitable indicator Thus what may be called a "tube-test" is effected. The probability of changes occurring simultaneously in the anode currents of two or more amplifying tubes in such a way that they substantially compensate one another is very small in practice, so that the frequency of the monitoring oscillator 20 gives a direct indication that an unacceptable change has occurred in one of the amplifying stages 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 '. Such changes in anode current are usually due to ageing of the amplifying tubes in the stages 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 ' Since this ageing causes a decrease of anode current, the monitoring device provides a reasonably reliable indication whether a defective tube is in the amplifiers 12, 13 for down traffic (from left to right) or in the

amplifiers 12 ', 13 ' for up traffic (from right to left) The ageing of an amplifying tube causes the frequency of the monitoring oscillator to change in one direction or the other according as the fault lies in the cascade 12, 13 or in the cascade 12 ', 13 ', the resistor 38 or the capacity 39 being taken into circuit accordingly. Instead of a contact voltmeter, a neutral relay having a tongue which is normally central and two fixed contacts may be used As a further alternative, a relay having a plurality of energizing circuits may be connected differentially to the anode circuits of the tubes embodied in the amplifiers 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 '. For supervising and, if desired, controlling the amplification in the carrier-wave telephone channels, pilot signals are transmitted with the intelligence signals In the repeater station shown, supervision is effected by deriving the pilot signals from the amplifiers 70 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 ' for the respective directions of traffic and applying them through rectifying circuits 42 and 42 ', respectively, to a comparator 43 whose output voltage depends on the difference between the two rec 75 tified voltages applied to it When this output voltage exceeds a predetermined threshold, it renders active a normally-cutoff generator of pilot-alarm voltage The pilot-alarm voltage effects a periodic cut-off 80 of the monitoring oscillator 21. The pilot signals appearing across the output transformers 10 and 10 ' of the amplifiers 12, 13 and 12 ', 13 ' respectively are applied through series resistors 44 and 44 ' to trans 85 formers 45 and 45 ' whose secondary circuits are tuned to the pilot-signal frequencies and are connected to the rectifying circuits 42 and 42 ' These respectively embody pairs of rectifiers 46, 47 and 46 ', 47 ', the members 90 of each pair being oppositely connected The output impedances comprise resistors 48 and 48 ' respectively, one end of each being. earthed through a resistor 49 or 49 ' At the other end of each output resistor 48, 48 ' there 95 appears a direct voltage of negative or positive polarity; this is applied through a series resistor 50 or 50 ' to the control grid of the comparator pentode 43 whose anode circuit. includes a contact voltmeter 51 for bringing 100 a pilot-alarm-voltage generator 54 or 54 ' into circuit The output circuit of the pilot-alarmvoltage generator is connected through a conductor 52 to a tapping 53 on a grid resistor 30 provided for the monitoring oscilla 105 tor 21 and thus, when rendered effective, blocks that oscillator. Since changes in the level of the amplified pilot signals are usually due to a decrease in amplification in one of the amplifying stages, 110 it is possible also in this case to determine which amplifier 12, 13 or 12 ', 13 ' is affected.

To this end two pilot-alarm-voltage generators 54 and 54 ' are connected to respective contacts 55 and 55 ' of the contact voltmeter 115 51; in accordance with the polarity of the difference voltage one or other of the generators becomes operative The two pilotalarm-voltage generators cut off the monitoring oscillator 21 at different frequencies, for 120 example, at 1 c 1 s and 3 c Is respectively. If, for example, the level of the pilot signal at the output of the amplifier 12, 13 decreases by 4 db, the pilot-alarm-voltage generator 54 is switched on and the monitoring oscillator 125 21 is switched on and off at a frequency of 1 c /s If on the other hand it is the output of the amplifier 12, 13 ' that decreases, the pilot-alarm-voltage generator 55 is switched in and the monitoring oscillator 21 is 130 786,079 switched on and off at a frequency of 3 c /s; thus the frequency at which the monitoring oscillation is interrupted indicates which amplifier 12, 13 or 12 ', 13 ' is affected Instead of the contact voltmeter 51, a maximum relay and a minimum relay connected in parallel may be used. The monitoring device shown also makes it possible to indicate deterioration of the voltage supply To this end the filament voltage for the pentode 43 is derived from a winding 19 in the supply circuit and the filament voltage for the monitoring oscillator 21 is derived from a winding 19 ' If the supply voltage across the conductor 14 ' fails, the monitoring oscillator 21 is switched off, and if the supply voltage across the conductor 14 fails, the pentode 43 is switched off, so that the pilot-alarm-voltage generator 54 ' operates, the monitoring oscillator being thus cut off at a frequency of 3 c fs At the terminal station it can be determined by further testing whether the fault is in the pilot signal circuit or the supply circuit. If there are more than one repeater stations in the signal circuit, each repeater station may have a monitoring device of the kind described above, the monitoring oscillators being tuned to different frequencies in order to distinguish the stations For these different monitoring frequencies the band from 6 kc /s to 12 kc /s is allocated. To summarize: if a fault occurs the monitoring signal indicates its nature (change in anode current, in amplification or in supply voltage), indicates which repeater station is faulty, and indicates the location of the fault at that station (in the amplifier 12, 13 or 12 ', 13 ', or the supply circuit). Instead of a resistance-capacity oscillator, some other oscillator, such as a Collpitts or a Hartley oscillator, may be used for generating the monitoring signal. Fig 2 shows a terminal station for a carrier-wave telephone system, with provision for monitoring four repeater stations.

At this terminal station, the outgoing signals from a terminal apparatus 55 with 960 intelligence channels are supplied through a conductor 56 and a mixing stage 57, associated with a pilot-frequency generator 58, to an amplifier 59 whose output circuit is connected through a high-pass filter 60 to a coaxial cable 61. The incoming intelligence signals from a coaxial cable 62 are supplied to the terminal apparatus 55 through a high-pass filter 63, an equalizing network 64, an amplifier 65 and a conductor 66 To the output terminals of the amplifiers 59 and 65 are connected pilot receivers to check the level of the pilot signals, each of the pilot receivers comprising a circuit 67 or 68 tuned to the pilot frequency, together with an indicating instrument 69 or 70. The supply voltages for the carrier-wave system are supplied from a generator 71 with a frequency of 50 c ls, through a conductor 72 to the supply circuit 73 for the terminal apparatus, and to the primary winding 74 of 70 a transformer 75 with two secondary windings 76, 77 These are connected through low-pass filters 78 and 79 respectively to the coaxial cables 61 and 62 To check the load on the repeater stations indicating instru 75 ments 80 and 81 are included in series with each of the secondary windings 76 and 77. The incoming monitoring signals from the coaxial cable 62 are supplied through the low-pass filter 79 and a conductor 82 to two 80 identically similar band-pass filters 83, 84. which are connected in parallel The output circuits of these filters respectively include transformers 85 86, each of which has two secondary windings 87, 87 ' or 88, 88 ' The 85 band-pass filters 83 84 have a pass band extending from 6 kc fs to 12 kc /s and do not, therefore, pass the supply voltage at 50 c.1 s. To the secondary windings 87 87 ' and 88, 90 88 ' are connected frequency-change indicators 89, 90, 91 and 92, each of which is tuned to the frequency of the monitoring signal emitted by a different repeater station: the frequency-change indicators 89 90 91 and 95 92 may, for example be tuned to frequencies of 7, 9, 8 and 10 kc /s respectively They are all of the same construction and the figure shows the circuit of only the indicator 89, which will now be described more fully 100 The monitoring signal obtained from the secondary winding 87 of the transformer 85 is applied to the control grid of a pentode 93 which is connected as an amplifier with a cathode resistor to provide negative feed 105 back The anode circuit includes in series an inductor 94 and a relay 95 which governs an alarm circuit 96 including an alarm 97. Between the anode and the control grid of the pentode is connected a frequency-depen 110 dent negative-feedback network constructed as a double-T network and comprising a series pair of resistors 98, 99 and

a series pair of capacitors 100 and 101 together with a shunt capacitor 102 and a shunt resistor 115 103, these shunt arms being connected to the junction points of the series resistors 98, 99 and series capacitors 100 101 respectively. The negative-feedback circuit is so proportioned that it supplies negative feedback 120 voltage only at frequencies which differ from the frequency of the monitoring signal under normal conditions. A rectifier 104 is in series with a potentiometer resistance 105 in the anode circuit 125 of the pentode 93 and the direct voltage of positive polarity obtained by rectification is supplied through a resistor 106 to the control grid of the pentode 93 Thus in the normal operating conditions of the repeater 130 786079 station concerned the voltage across the inducto 94 will be at a maximum, so that a maximum direct voltage appears across the resistance 105, and the anode current of tube 93 is consequently at its maximum. If the frequency of the monitoring oscillator changes owing to the response of the relay circuit in the repeater station concerned (for example, if an amplifying tube breaks down), the anode current of the pentode 93 decreases, so that the relay 95 is de-energized and the alarm-signal device 97 produces a continuous alarm signal which may be called a ' tube alarm " By detuning the negative-feedback network 98-103 it is possible to determine whether the monitoring frequency has decreased or increased The decrease or the increase in monitoring frequency shows whether the amplifying stages for the down traffic or for the up traffic are affected The negative-feedback network is detuned by adjusting the capacitors 100, 101 and 102, which can be ganged and operated, for example, with a push button. Deviations in the amplification of the amplifying stages for the up and down traffic are characterized by periodic interruptions of the monitoring signal at the frequency of one of the pilot-alarm-voltage generators In the frequency-change indicator, the relay 95 consequently responds intermittently, so that the alarm-signal device 97 produces an intermittent pilot-alarm signal whose frequency, either 1 c /s or 3 c 1 s, indicates whether the fault is in the amplifying stages for the up or for the down traffic. If in the repeater station concerned a change occurs in the anode current of an amplifying tube simultaneously with a change in the amplification, the frequency-change indicator produces only the tube alarm, which is continuous By detuning the negative-feedback network it is, however, possible to bring out the pilot alarm, which is intermittent. Deterioration in the voltage supply at the repeater station is characterized by failure of the monitoring oscillation, or by intermittent interruption of the monitoring signal, so that a

continuous or an intermittent alarm, as the case may be, is produced Such deterioration can be distinguished immediately by reference to the ammeters 80 and 81. To summarize: the frequency-change indicators 89, 90, 91 and 92 show which repeater station is affected and locate the fault within this station in the amplifying stage for the up or for the down traffic or in the voltage supply. Instead of frequency-change indicators of the kind described above, other kinds of indicators, for example, indicators embodying two relay circuits, may be used The frequency-change indicator described above has the advantage that one relay and one alarm device are sufficient.

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* GB786080 (A)

Description: GB786080 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements relating to driving bands


PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of filing Complete Specification: Jan 27, 1956. Application Date: Feb 7, 1955 No 3528155 Complete Specification Published: Nov 13 196 X. Index at Acceptance:-Class 80 ( 1), A 1 C( 1 D: 2 A: 2 D). International Classification:-FO 6 g. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements relating to Driving Bands. We, Li Gm A CH Emic AL Co SIPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of Castle Hill Mill, Hindley, near Wigan, STANLEY TAYLOR and ALBERT ASHLEY Coo PER ENTWISLE, both British Subjects, and both of the Company's

address, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to extensible driving bands or cords which have the ability to stretch, so that at the correct driving length they maintain a constant tension Such cords are often made with a pre-stretched rubber or like core over which is formed a textile braiding and an outer rubber or like sheath, the cord being made in endless form. While the endless cords make effective driving bands, in some cases there is difficulty in replacing a band when necessary because machine parts have to be removed in order to instal an endless band, and the object of the invention is to avoid this drawback. According to the invention, a driving band is made from an extensible endless core consisting mainly of rubber or the like by binding it so as to form a two-strand band or cord with an eye at each end, and joining the ends together by a hook or the like, so that the band can be installed or removed by simply unfastening its ends. The original endless cord will be double the length of the finished band, and may be thinner than in the case of ordinary endless driving bands, as the finished band consists of two strands side by side covered with the binding The binding may consist of a textile braiding covered or impregnated with rubber or the like Any convenient means may be used for fastening the ends together, a simple wire link hooked at each end to engage the eyes of the band being usually sufficient. lPrice 3 s 6 d l U, When it is desired that the driving band should be of round or approximately round section, instead of the flat section obtained by simply binding together two strands placed side by side, we may apply strips of rubber of suitable section to make up a round section when placed above and below the two strands laid side by side, the said strips being bound up together with the two strands. Alternatively, the two strands may be twisted together before being covered with binding, in which case the finished band is of twisted instead of flat form. In another form of the driving band according to the invention, the endless cord comprises a number of endless rubber threads which are placed side by side to form a substantially round core, and through each eye strands of nylon or other textile or of wire are threaded which are turned back on themselves to form the eye at the end of the band to receive the metal link or the like, the whole band being braided and impregnated This gives a band of round section, the extremities of which are not elastic. Referring to the accompanying drawings:Figure 1 shows a driving band

according to the invention in side elevation. Figure 2 is a cross-section. Figure 3 is a cross-section of a modified construction. Figure 4 is an elevation of a further modification. Referring to Figures 1 and 2, there is an endless cord consisting of a pre-stretched rubber core 1, a textile braiding 2, and an outer rubber sheath 3 This is placed with its two halves side by side as in Figure 1, and covered with a textile braiding 4, having at each end an eye 5 so that the two ends can be secured together by a wire link The band is then finally impregnated with rubber. 786,080 SO 1 -,c-, 786,080 Figure 3 shows a driving band constructed as in Figures 1 and 2, but with moulded rubber strip 6 laid on each side of the band before the braiding 4 is applied, the strips 6 being of such cross-section that the complete braided band is of circular section. Figure 4 shows a construction in which a number of endless rubber threads 7 are laid side by side to form a substantially round cord with an eye at each end, and through each eye a number of strands 8 of nylon or other textile material or wire are threaded, which are turned back on themselves to form an eye 9 The whole is covered with a textile braiding 10 and impregnated with rubber A wire clip 11 serves to join the two ends together In this case the parts adjoining the junction are not extensible.


* GB786081 (A)

Description: GB786081 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in means for mounting thread illuminating apparatus on roving,spinningand twisting frames or other like machines


PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor:-WILLIAM CHARLES LONGMAN. 786,081 Date of filing Complete Specification: Feb 8, 1956. Application Date: Feb 9, 1955 No 3792 /55. Complete Specification Published: Nov 13, 1957. Index at Acceptance -Clas 120 ( 2), D 2 T. International Classification:-DD 2 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in Means for Mounting Thread Illuminating Apparatus on Roving, Spinning and Twisting Frames or other like Machines. Broomfield Mill, Cleckheaton, County of York, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to improvements in the mounting of thread illuminating apparatus on roving spinning and twisting frames and other like machines the illuminating apparatus being of the type comprising a source of light located at or near one end of the frame in such a manner as to project a parallel beam of light along the lines of threads to illuminate the threads, the beam of light being directed vertically onto a mirror by which the beam is turned through 900 to pass horizontally across the lines of threads. Apparatus of the above type for illuminating the threads along one side of the frame has been proposed comprising a mirror equipped with glare-preventing means arranged at or near the other end of the frame to receive and reflect the beam back along the same path, whereby the angle of reflection of the light from those threads which are nearer to that side of the frame having the mirror is improved in relationship to the operator's vision. According to the invention a lamp house is mounted on a bracket carried by a pillar affixed to the frame, the mirror being separately mounted on the pillar. The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings:Fig 1 is a front view partly in section of lPrice 3 s 6 d i the lamp housing and mounting rod or pillar. Fig 2 is an end view of same. Fig 3 is a front view of a modified lamp housing. The apparatus comprises a lamp house or chamber A mounted on a bracket A' on a vertical pillar B adjustably secured to a moving, spinning, twisting or other frame C. A lamp holder A' is secured to the lamp housing A, the leads for the

lamp a passing up the pillar B. The upper end of the house or chamber A is closed by a lid or cover separated from the housing and is provided with cooling fins mounted on the lid or cover for the dispersion of heat generated by the lamp a The lamp a is housed in a tube a' in the housing to prevent dissipation of the light. The lower end or bottom of the lamp house A or chamber is closed by a planeconvex or other lens D adapted to direct a substantially parallel beam of light from the house or chamber A vertically downwards. A mirror D' is adjustably mounted on the vertical pillar B on a bracket d below the lamp house to deflect the beam of light through 90 ' into a horizontal path, the mirror D being set Kto direct the beam along the front of the frame to illuminate the line of threads and thereby enable an operator readily to detect any broken ends. The lamp house or chamber A may be raised or lowered with the vertical pillar B and is clamped thereto by a clamping bracket A' affixed to the vertical wall of the lamp house The lamp house may be rotated through substantially 3600 on the bracket. The mirror D' is carried by a ball or 786,081 universal joint dl' mounted on a plate d 2 bent to provide a vertical portion bolted to the bracket d on the pillar B The mirror D' may also be rotated through 360 ' on the bracket d or on the pillar B. The lamp a may be supplied with current at a low voltage of say 12 volts from the electricity mains through a transformer thereby removing any danger of shock to the operator. Where the lamp a has to be employed in a vertical position the lamp house A is extended horizontally as shown in Fig 3 and the beam from the lamp is projected onto a mirror D 2 by which it is turned through 90 before passing through the lens onto the mirror D'. The light may emanate from a source such as a tungsten mercury vapour lamp or other forms of gas discharge lamp.


* GB786082 (A)

Description: GB786082 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improvements in or relating to electric power supply networks


PATENT SPECIFICATION 786,082 Ininentor: ERCI-I SIEGFRIED FRIED LANDER. Date of filing Complete Specification: Jcamn 12, 1956. Application Dale: Feb 14, 1955 No 4314/55. Complete Spec ficatiion Published: Nov 13, 19,57. Index at Acceptance:-Classes 38 ( 3), J( 5: 9 G), M(( 23 B 2: 29: 43 A: 48); and 38 ( 4), A 1 D( 1: 3). Internarional Classification:-H 102 j, p. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to Electric Power Supply Networks. We, THE GENERAL ELECTRIC COMPANY LIMITED, of Magnet House, Kingsway, London, W C 2, a British Company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to electric power supply networks and particularly to such networks comprising a plurality of electric machines arranged to operate in conjunction to supply one or more common load circuits A common example of a network of this nature is the electric grid system in the United Kingdom in which system a plurality pf electric alternators housed at different places operate in conjunction to supply the various load circuits. Where two or more such networks are associated with one another and there is an exchange of power between two networks through a link of limited current carrying capacity, it is desirable to control the power input to a particular supply network relatively quickly in dependence upon the power demand and one object of the present invention is the provision of a supply network having a control arrangement particularly suited to this purpose. According to the present invention, in an electric power supply network comprising a plurality of electric machines arranged to operate in conjunction to supply one or more common load circuits, in order to control, for example, the total power input to the network from the machines, means are provided for supplying sequentially to each machine or at least to each of some of the machines, a control impulse arranged to effect a predetermined variation of the output of

the machines substantially independent of the duration of the control impulse, lPrice 3 s 6 d l the sequential supply of the control impulses to the machines being arranged to be continued until such time as the required total variation of output of the machines is obtained, If the machines are alternators, then either the power output of a machine, or its frequency, or both may be controlled in this manner. If the plurality of machines includes a number operating at high efficiency and a number operating at a relatively lower efficiency, only the latter machines may be controlled by what may be called the sequential means. Apparatus for effecting the necessary control may comprise a face-plate controller having a plurality of fixed contacts each associated with one machine to be controlled, a rotary contact arranged to be driven sequentially over the fixed contacts when variation of output is required, and means to supply via the fixed and rotary contacts, control impulses to the various machines. The speed at which the rotary contact is driven sequentially over the fixed contacts may be dependent upon the magnitude of the variation of output required and the control impulse will be such that it indicates to a machine in which sense its output is to be varied Thus, the sign of a control impulse fed to a machine may be positive or negative depending upon whether the output of the machine is to be raised or lowered. Alternatively, control impulses of differing frequencies may be used. If the control arrangement operates to control the total power output of the network, then upon the power output departing from a required power output by a certain amount or error, the speed of the rotary contact will depend upon the magnitude of the 786082 error and the sense or frequency of the control impulses upon the sign of the error. If desired, in order to obtain maximum stability, the sense of rotation of the rotary contact may also depend upon the sign of the error. In order that the invention may be fully understood, one arrangement of an electric power supply network in accordance with the present invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a schematic diagram showing two inter-connected networks; Figure 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of control apparatus therefor, and Figure 3 is a schematic circuit diagram of a detail of the control apparatus. Referring now to Figure 1, an electric power supply network 1 comprising a large number of alternators 2 arranged to operate in conjunction and to supply a number of common load circuits 3, is connected to a similar network 4 through a link 5 of limited current

carrying capacity Each network may comprise several hundred machines and in order to obtain constant frequency in a network and to control the exchange of power between the networks, it is necessary to control the power input to a network relatively quickly in dependence upon power demand Each network comprises a mpixture of different types of alternator of varying efficiency and since it is desirable that alter:35 nators with high efficiency should run permanently at constant maximum output, only the oldest and least efficient and economical alternators are used for the control of power input to a network. Referring now to Figure 2, the apparatus arranged to control these less economical machines comprises a face plate controller 6 whose rotary contact 7 is arranged to be driven by a variable speed d c motor 8 The face plate controller 6 occupies a complete circle, and the rotary contact 7 connects through any electrical or radio link an impulse circuit to all machines of the network to be included into the total control, in turn, one fixed contact or segment of the controller being allocated to one machine The sign of the control impulse to be given to any one machine may be positive for increasing load and negative for decreasing load When a regulating or control impulse is given from a controlling error amplifier 9 of the network this is evaluated in such a way that for a positive error the rotary contact 7 rotates in the positive sense of direction; for a negative error, the contact may rotate in the same direction or preferably in the negative direction Whenever the moving contact touches a fixed contact or segment 10, this gives a control signal of limited but fixed duration to the load setting motor of the particular machine associated with that contact. The duration of the control signal is adjustable for each machine separately to take account of different control characteristics 70 of different machines, a timer 11 being associated with each controlled machine and receiving a control impulse from the controller The sense or sign of the control impulse decides whether the machine governor 75 motor 12 operates for the duration of the timed signal in a positive or negative direction The positive or negative direction of this signal is achieved by means of a polarised relay 22 having a change-over arm 23 sou the relay being polarised by the error amplifier 9 Each timer can give only one signal for one contact making of the controller, that is for one control impulse, and this means that if the rotary contacts remain So stationary on a fixed contact or associates with one machine, this machine will have one control signal and will not receive any further signal unless the rotary contact leaves the segment and returns to it 9 i) The speed of the rotary contact is arranged to depend upon the magnitude of the error, and it

is therefore possible to confine the correction of small errors to control impulses given only to one or two machines A large 9. error will make the rotary contact travel quickly and consequently a greater number of machines will receive control impulses. For extremely large errors requiring rapid change of power, the rotary contact arm may 100 move so quickly that the control for each machine has not been completed before the rotary contact again touches the associated segment in the course of the next revolution. The control impulse will in this case be re 105 peated and the time of control signal now extended to the duration to be measured from the second repeated impulse If the error persists for a longer period, all machines may in the end contribute by having 110 all the -load setting motors running permanently as long as the rotary contact arm moves at maximum speed This enables the rate of change of power input to be controlled very effectively as a function of error 113 However, it will be appreciated that at the same time, it is possible to select the machines which should or should not contribute to the power control in the network from the load control room 13 as well as from the 120 local machine control point 14 so that the system does not fail in any way if some of the machines cannot contribute to the load control This permits great elasticity in the overall power control and satisfies the con 125 ditions for power variation as a function of power demand with a minimum of risk of over-reuulation and corresponding hunting. The timer 11 associated with each controlled machine may consist of an impulse 1130 comprising a plurality of electric machines arranged to operate in conjunction to supply one or more common load circuits, wherein in order to control, for example, the total power input to the network from the ma 70 chines, means are provided for supplying sequentially to each machine, or at least to each of some of the machines, a control impulse arranged to effect a predetermined variation of the output of the machines sub 75 stantially independent of the duration of the control impulse, the sequential supply of the control impulses to the machines being arranged to be continued until such time as the required total variation of output of the 80 machines is obtained. 2 An electric power supply network as

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* GB786083 (A)

Description: GB786083 (A) ? 1957-11-13

Improved devices for treating trees and woody plants


CiO @ETE SPECIFICATION Improved Devices for Training Trees and Woody Plants We, FISONS PEST CONTROL LIMITED, a British Company of Bourn, Cambridgeshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may ibe granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement :- This invention relates to the application of plant treating substances to trees and other plants which have woody parts. In the protection of plants againsit pests it has been known for some time past to treat the plants with liquid preparations containing as active ingredients so-called systemic substances, i. e. substances whichare taken up by the plant through its roots, leaves or stems and are'carried with the sap stream througb the whole system even to places quite distant from the place of application. Plants so treated remain toxic for weeks or months to insects feeding on them. In the case of trees, application of the liquid to the soil around the trunks has proved more wasteful of liquid than application through the trunks themselves. Trunk application has, however, hitherto been rather cumbersome and unsafe. In one known method, a hole is drilled in the trunk, and the liquid is injecte into that hole under pressure, an operation difficult to perform without spilling unless specially designed injectors are used. Another known method relies on absorption of the liquid through the bark, a dressing of surgical lint being applied to-a section of the and a wide band of oiled silk being tied round the whole circumference of the tree below and over the dressing as a protection against evapo- ration and dripping ; the dressing is then soakedwiththepesticidalliquid.Thisopera- tion is hazardous and contamination by the poisonous liquid of ie surroundings is nol

entirely avoided. It is an object of the present invention to provide a device by which asubstanceintended to be taken up by the sap of a tree, or woody plant, can be applied to the surface of a'tree trunk or woody part of a plant in a simpler and safer way than hitherto. Accordingly the present invention is for a device adaptedtoibeattachedwplantscom- prising itrees and body plants comprising a cup and means for the attachment of ifhe cup to the exterior of.the wood of the plant with the rim of the cup adjacent the wood, the said cup being adapted to contain a plani treating substance. The device according to the present inven tion comprises ultimately three parts namely the cup, the attachment means and the plant treating substance. If desired the attachment means may form part of the structure of. the cup and comprise for example the rim of the cup, suitably sharpened. The said parts of the device may be detachable from one another or two or more of the parts may be integral or otherwise connected together. If desired and as appropriate the plant treating substance may be introduced into the cup before or cafter attachment to the plant. The cup, or thimble, comprises an open- ended hollow body of any desired shape, size and configuration. Suitably ithe cup has the shape of a round-ended cylinder of circular cross-section, but if desired the cup may be of. any other shape or cross-section, for example, oval, rectangular, octagonal or poly- gonal. The open end of the cup may be arrange at right-angles axis of the cup or at an angle.to such axis ; in such latter case the cup is suitably attached to the tree or plant so that the liquid contents rest under gravity agamsit ithe plant. Where it is desired to attach the device to a plant at an.angle other thao a right angle to ithe plane of the surface of the plant, the use of la rim'cut on the slant t assists in obtaining a tight closure between the rim and the bark. Suitably the walls of the cup at the rim are neither converging nor diverging but substantially parallel. The cup may be provided with one or more holes, which suitably are adapted ro be plugged, variously for the purposes of filling and draining the cup when in posirior against the plant. The means for attachment of the device-to the trunk or stem of the plant may form pan of the structure of the cup, suitably compris ing the sharpened rim of the cup-and/or one or more spikes or the like extending from the rim of the cup, and in such cases the cup re

quires to be adequately robust to be pushed or pressed into the. trunk or s. tem. Where sepa rate means of attachment are provided it is also frequently suitable for. the rim of the cup to be sharpened to enable it to cut into'and grip the exterior surface of the plant trunk or stem forant a fluid-tight union therewith. II desired the sharpened rim may be slightly dented. to ensure a fran grip. Alternatively the rim can be flanged and covered by a resilient material. The means of attachrnent where not formN ing part of the structure of the cup suitably comprise a headed spike or spikes connected to or connectable with the cup. By the term spike as used in the specification and claims, is meant any body capable of being driven into the bark, trunk or stem of the. tree or plant, and including nails, nails having a shal low thread ofgreat pitch and wood screws. The spike may have a smooth or rough sur face and may have a longitudinal groove. to facilitate the penetration of any plant treating liquid into the tree or plant The spike may be of hollow construction adapted to allow liquid contained in the cup to pass directly to the interior tissues of the tree or plant ; in such construction holes are suitable placed in the wall of the spike to permit passage of the liquid. Where the spike comprises a screw, the head of the screw, or where the screw is connecte to or integral with the cup, the appropriate part of the cup, may be shaped in any of the conventional ways to allow a turn ing tool to be applied, such as for example a groove for.the application of a screw driver, external flats for the use of a spanner or finger grips. The spike or spikes may be connected to the cup as by welding or soldering to the in terior of the cup, ar alternatively, the spike or spikes may fit into appropriate holes in the wall of the cup.

'According to one embodiment of the inven tion the device comprises a cup which has a sharpened rim and whose dome has at least one, preferably central, hole of sufficient width to allow a spike of suitable diameter to be pushed through, but not so aride as to allow the head of the spike to pass; if desired another hole, removed from the centre, so as to be able to be used as a filling hole may be 'provided ; a headed spike of sufficient strength to be driven into the wooden parts of a tree trunk or branch, the width of its shaft and head adapted as described above to the first mentioned hole in the cup, and the length of the shaft being greater than the depth of the cup; and means to provide an adequate fluidtight connection between the spike head and the corresponding hole in the cup. Such means suitably comprise for example a washer adapted. to be placed between the spike head and the corresponding hole in the cup, or may alternatively result from the configuration and nature of the contacting parts, or alternatively provision may be made for the presence of an adhesive or the like for example a suicky vis- cous resin layer or plastic clay at the contact ing parts. The three components, viz. cup, spike, and means as indicated above, such as a washer, are separate objects, to be made into one single device only when they are put to actual use, when the cup rim is pressed firmly against .thebark,. trunkorstem surface, whereupon the washer is placed round the hole, and the spike is driven into the wood till the head presses on the washer and the cup rim is in tight contact with the surface of the tree. Care is tal,-en to place the filling hole uppermost or at leas. high enough to allow the desired volume of liquid to'it into the tightly confined chamber formed by the surface of the plant and the inner surface of the cup. The three-part device of this embodiment of the invention is very suitable for manufac- ture in large numbers and has the advantage an practical use that it is easy first to locate exactly the cup on the chosen spot of the tree surface and then to fix it by driving or screwing in the spike.

The device may also comprise a cup with a sharpened rim and a central spike or a marginal spike or spikes protruding some length beyond the rim, the cup suitably being provided with a filling hole. The head of the spike "or spikes may be attached to the base of the cup or if desired the head thereof may be attached to the walls of the cup distanced from the base thereof forming an enclosed container within the cup bounded by such head. In such cases the head is suitably provided with a drill hole or holes to permit the outlet of liquid. The spike or spikes may be fixed for example by welding the head to the interior of the cup, or may be detachable where, for example, the cup is internally threaded and screws on to the head of the spike or spikes. In one embodiment, the device comprises a staple with txro or more prongs, the top of which is for some length down the prongs covered with a shell that forms the cup. In another embodiment the device comprises a nail-like spike with a comparatively wide head in the form of a perforated fiat disc. A metal cup is firmly joined to the rim of the disc and may be shaped like a test tube, the open end of which protrudes over the disc towards. the point of the spike and has a sharp edged rim. The closed end of. the ; tube i. e. the one distantfromtheperforated head of the spike, has one or m. ore small filling holes. This device is intended to be driven into the tree or plant with the spike pointing slightly downwards, until the sharp edge of the tube open- ing has a tight grip of ithe bark. The device will then protrude from the tree or plant at a slant, with the filling hole in the end of the tube remote from the tree or plant uppermost. The liquid is then fed in through one of the filling holes and may be allowed to fill the tube almost up to the holes.As the head of the spike is perforated, the liquid run's through it, filling the space between it and the bark. This construction may be modified by replacing the nail-like spike by one in the form, of a wood screw. The tube may then have a nut or other device for use with a turning itool. Alterna- tively, the head of the spike may be of consider- able thickness and provided with a threaded rim, ; and the cup hasnearitsopenendan inner thread correspondingtothe thread on the spike head. In use, the spike, alone is first driven into.thetreeat a slight inclination, but notsodeepastobringthethreadedheadinto contact with the bark, the cup is thenscrewed over the head until its rim engages'firmly the exterior of the tree or plant. In another embodiment of the invention the cup is in the form of an enclose vessel and the spike is of hollow construction and is adapted to convey liquid from, the enclosed vessel to the interior of the trunk or stem. In such a'constructionithetapofthespike is preferably

solid since if a hole. is provided at. the tip it would probably be blocked during the insertion of the spike into the wood, and pre- feralbly holes are provided in the wall of the spike towards the tip of the spike. The hollow spike also communicateswiththevesselto'contain liquid and this may be arranged by the spike terminating in an open end in this. vessel and/or by holes being provided in the walls of the spike in the parts thereof in this vessel. The device according to this embodimentmay comprise for example a hollow splicewitha head, the hollow spike communicating with the interior of the cup through this head, the tip of the spike being solid and holes provided in the walls of the spike near the tip, and a cup or the like fitting over the head of the spike forming an enclose vessel within the cup bounded by such head. The cup may be fixed to the spike head as by welding or alternativelytheheadandthe interior of the cup may be fceaded so that they may be screwed together, a stop and a washer suitably being provided so that the formed vessel is liquid-tight. Alternatively the hollow spike may be provided with holes at the tip end and the other end, suitably provided with a head, and a-containerfitted around the head end of the spike. The device may be constructed from any suitable materials which are adequately robust t and able to withstand corrosion by the chemicals used. In the case of organic phosphorous compounds mild steel can be usefully employed. Brass, bronze and other metals may be used in suitable cases. Cornodible metals may be used if the parts exposed to the chemicals are protected by non-. corrodible coatings, for example, by a thin galvanic deposit of a noble metal or a film of a natural or synthetic resin. The invention permits trees or plants to be treated in a simple manner. If the spike is a nail or. the like, it is driven into.. the bark and/ or trunk of a tree or plant by a blow of a hammer or mallet, or by a spring-loaded device, if the means of attachment comprise the rim of the cup, the cup is. similarly hammered against the tree or plant, if the spike is screwthreaded e. g. is ! a wood screw, iit is screwed into tht trunk or stem In some cases, for example where the cup is in the form. of an enclose vessel, it may be desirable to make a guide hole in ; the wood to minimise the force required to insert the spike into the wood. Where the device comprises an open-ended cup the device is driven into the wood so that the circumference of the rim, of the cup is tight against the wood so.thattherewillbe no leakage if liquid is poured into the device, It may be adventageous to insert the device into the wood sat. an angle so that any liquid contents rest under gravity against the wood ; this may be assiste by employing a cup with its rim cut on the

slant.'Care is itaken that the filling hole is uppermost or art least wellabove the liquid level desired when the device is in use, and liquid isthenintroducedthroughthe hole, for example, from the spout of a container shaped like an oil-can. Preferably however the volume of liquid is accurately measured into ; the ch-amber, and this can be convenientlydonebyusingagraduatedhy- podermic needle or the like. A second hole may be provided near the filling hole as an air vent The hole or holes may be sealed by suitable plugs after charging. The liquid is slowly ab- sorbed through the bark into the trunk, or directly into the plants, and if desired more of it may be poured into the chamber from time to time. For some trees, it may be desirable.topeel offpart of the bark before the device is driven intothetree. The capacityofthecup'or vessel may vary considerably and for example the device may be constructed to hold from 1-100Oi ccs and suitablyfromabout5-10ccs.Thecapacity which is necessary will depend on the plant treated and the treating substance employed, Theadvantagesprovidedbythe device are self-evident. The charging of the chamber . through. the filling hole is easy to perform without sillage The liquid, once in the cup, is wholly sealed off, so that in the case of poisonous liquids neither man nor beast can accidentally be contaminated by it. The pro- gress of absorption through the'bark can ibe watched by measuring the liquid level in. the chamber from time-to. time. A further advantage is the great simplicity and cheapness of the device. According to another aspect of the invention, the cup, either with or without a spike but not necessarily provided with a filling hole is. filled before bringing, the device into position with a plant treating substance which is either solid, soluble in the tree sap, or a liquid contained by the membrane formed of a material able to disintegrate in contact with , the tree sap, or alternatively, the plant treating substance is either liquid or solid and is admixed with a solid filler or the like to provide a substantially solid mass tobecontained in the cup. A device of this kind can be precharge, for example, at the place of manu- facture of the plant, treating su'ostance, and has only to be driven into the trunk of the tree under treatment deep enough to ensure contact between the tree surface and the active substance or.the membrane confining it. Devices of the last described kind are useful for example with an active substance such as.bis-isopropylamino-nuoro-phosphine oxide, which is solid.atordinarytemperatures but melts when moderately heated ; pre-charging is, in that case, done by melting the substance, pouring.themeltintothecup, andallowingif to solidify on cooling. If the active substance is a liquid, it may be covered by a thin film, e.

g. of gelatine or of a modifie cellulose soluble in water. The device is of particular application in thetreatmentofplants with systemic insect- icides. According toapreferredembodiment , the device is used for the treatment of plant ? with Ibis-dimethylaminophosphorous anhyd- ride (Schradan)orbisCdimethylamino)fluoro- phosphine oxide (Hanane-Registered Trade Mark). "With some varieties of trees, sap will exude from a tree into the cup when the spike 01 cup is driven info it. The cup of any of the devices hereinbefore described can therefore De provided with one or more drain holes provided with removable closure means so that the sap can Ibe drained from. the cup as required. Whilst the invention is intended in the first place for applying pesticidal and highly toxic substances to trees, it also has other useful application. It is e. g. applicable with advantage in feeding nutritive or curative liquids to woody plants, such as zinc chloride, manga- nese sulphate and magnesium sulphate ; and also for injecting destructive liquids such as sodium arsenite and copper sulphate solutions or other substances to kill or destnoy the plant or, tree. sReference is to be had to the. accompanying drawings which show, solely by way of illustration, some embodiments of the present invention. Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a device attached to a tree. Figure 2 is-a perspective view of the device shown in Figure 1. Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of another device attached to a tree. Figure 4 is a perspective view of the device shown in Figure 3. Figure 5 is a perspective view of another device. Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a different device. Figure 7 is a cross-sectionalviewofa different device. Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view of a different device attached. to a tree. Figure 9 is a cross sectional view of a different device. Figure 10 is a cross sectional view of a different device. Figures I and 2 show a preferred embodiment of the invention comprising a spike in the form of a nail 1 embedded in the tree 2, the nail carrying the cup 3 and the head 4 of ithe nail 1 bearing against the cup 3. through the washer 5. The rim d. the cup is sharpened to penetrate the bark. of the tree. The nail 1 has a shank of cylindrical or tapering shape and the size of the cup 3 is determined by the desired capacity of-the enclosed chamber which'tlle cup forms when in contact against the tree. The cup 3 is provided with a small filling hole 6 which provides with an appropriate plug.

Figures 3 and 4 show a simple spike device comprising a nail 7 with a shank 8 of cylindrical or tapering shape and head 9 all roughly hemispherically shaped forming a cup, the diameter of the cup depending on the desired capacityofthe-enclosed chamber which the cup will form when the device is driven into a tree. A small filling hole e 10 is provided near the rim of the cup. The rim is preferably slightly dented to secure a firm grip and should ibe sharp enough to enable it to penetrate into the bark of a tree. Alternatively, the rim can be flanged and covered by a resilient maferial. Figure 5 shows a device.analogous to that shown in Figures 3 and4,wherein the spike 11 is in the form of a woo screw and a finger grip 12 similar to those of wing nuts, is provided on the exteriorof.the cup. A diff rent embodiment of the device is shown in Figure'6 and comprises a nail-like spike 13 with a comparatively wide head 14 in the form of a perforated flat disc. A metal cup 15 shaped like a test tube, is firmly joined to the rim of the disc and the open end of the cup protrudes over the disc 14 towards the point of the spike 13 and has a sharp-edged rim. The closed end of the tube is provided with a filling hole 16. Figure 7 shows another embodiment of the inventioncomprising;acup17somewhat in the form of a test tube, from ithe rim of which protrudes a spike 18 which is welded to the interior wall of the cup. The rim of the cup 17 is preferably sharpened so that * cuts into the bark when the device is hammered into the tree, and the cup is provided with a filling hole 19. A further embodiment of. the invention is illustrated in'Figure'8 which comprises a nail-like spike 20 which has been provided with a flat'wideperforatedhead21wiidi a rhreaded rim 22. The cup 23, in the shape of a , test tube, is threaded internally near its open end, oorrespotlding to the thread on the spike head. The cup is provided with a filling hole 24and plug 25, and the sharpened rim of the cup is cut on the slant. In operation the spike 20 is driven into the tree at a slight angle and the cup 23 is then screwed over the head 21 until the rim of the cup 23 engages firmly on. the exterior of the tree, with the filling hole 24 uppermost. The slant cut rim of the cup cuts firmly into the wood and the cup is at a slight angle so that any liquid contents drain towards the wood. In (this position the

device can conveniently be filled with a plant treating substance and the filling hole subse- quently plugged. Figure 9 shows a different embodiment of the invention with a hollow spike'and an en closed chamber. The device comprises a spike 26 of hollow construction with a solid tip 27 and provided with a wide head 28 which is externally.threaded.Thecup29 is internally threaded near its open end and is provided with the stop 30'and washer 31 so that when the parts are screwed together a liquid-tight container is obtained. The cup 219 is also pro vided with a filling hole 32, which may foe plugged. In operation with this device the spike is driven into the wood of the plant to be treated ; if desired the spike may be inserted into a hole previously made. There is no need for the cup totouchthewood.Suitably the device is dispose at an angle so that the con tents drain.intothehollownailandintoIthein- terior of the plant through the holes 33 in the end of the spike 26 Figure 10-shows a similar embodiment comprising a hollow spike 34 provided with a solid tip 35 and a head 36. A set of holes 37 are dispose at the tip end of the spike, and a further set of holes 318 at the head end of the spike. A cup 39-providedwithfilling hole 40 is fitted over the head end of the spike and is suitably welded to ithe spike forming a liquid tight cup. In operation, the device is hammered or inserted into aholeinthewoodof a plant to be treated suitablyatan.angleso.that the contents drain to the wood. After intro- ductionofithespikeportion of the device into the wood of the plant, the cup 39 is suitably filled with the desired liquid plant treating substance. The liquid passes from. this cup through the holes 3 : 8 into. the shaft of the spikeiandthencedownthespikeandthrough the holes 37 into ithe interior tissues of the woodof the plant being treated. The device according to the present invention is of particular application in ithe (treatment of trees, such for example as cocoa trees

and citrus. The device may equally be used in the treatment of any tree or plant with a woody stem, trunk or branch into which the device can be inserted. What we claim is: 1.. A device adapted ifo be attached to plants comprising trees and woody plants compris ing a cup and means for the attachment of the cup ito the exterior of the wood of the plant with the rim of the cup adjacent to the wood, the said cup being adapted to contain aplant treating substance.


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