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A Computer is a device that allows you to input data, process data quickly and efficiently, receive outputs and store data.
Thus a computer consists of one or more input devices, output devices, store devices and processing unit.
Thursday, March 22, 2012Computer Fundamentals
Can not think it self Task to be describe in detail Can not learn form experience Wrong information provided result also
wrong
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First Generation (1940-1956)◦ Use of vacuum tubes◦ Big & Clumsy◦ High Electricity
Consumption◦ Programming in Mechanical
Language◦ Larger AC were needed◦ Lot of electricity failure
occurred
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Continue…
Second Generation (1956-1963)◦ Transistors were used◦ Core Memory was
developed◦ Faster than First Generation
computers◦ First Operating System was
developed◦ Programming was in
Machine Language & Aseembly Language
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Continue…
Second Generation (1956-1963)◦ Magnetic tapes & discs
were used◦ Computers became smaller
in size than the First Generation computers◦ Computers consumed less
heat & consumed less electricity
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Continued…
Third Generation (1964-1971)◦ Integrated circuits
developed◦ Power consumption was
low◦ SSI & MSI Technology was
used◦ High level languages were
used
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Fourth Generation (1971 onwards)◦ LSI & VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)
Technology used◦ Development of Portable Computers◦ RAID Technology of data storage◦ Used in virtual reality, multimedia, simulation◦ Computers started in use for Data Communication◦ Different types of memories with very high
accessing speed & storage capacity
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Fifth Generation (Present & Beyond)◦ Used in parallel processing◦ Used superconductors◦ Used in speech recognition◦ Used in intelligent robots◦ Used in artificial intelligence
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Microcomputer:◦ It is small in size but capable of handling large
tasks. Minicomputer:◦ It can very in size from a small desktop model to
the size of a small filling cabinet. Mainframe Computer:◦ It is more powerful & large in size.
Super Computer◦ It is largest, fastest and most expensive computer.
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Hardware◦ The hardware consist of all devices of the computer that
you can see and touch. These include input, processing and output devices.
Software◦ The software is sets of instruction that control the
working of the computer’s operations Super Computer Data (text, Audio, Video, Graphics)◦ Data consists or raw facts and figures which manipulates
and processes into meaningful information. Users◦ A User is a person who uses the computer externally
with a specific objective.
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Hardware
Input Device Output DeviceCPU (Central
Processing Unit)
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Collect Date, Information Convert Into machine language Send to CPUE.g.
1. Keyboard2. Mouse3. Scanner4. Mic
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Receive from CPU Convert into Human Language Send to UserE.g..
1. Monitor2. Printer3. Speaker
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Traditional Keyboard Argonic Keyboard
Wireless Keyboard Flexible Keyboard
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1. Alphabetic keys a-z2. Numeric keys 0-93. Alpha Numeric Keys !-)4. Navigation Keys Arrows, End, Home
Page Up, Page Dn5. Functional Keys F1-F126. Combination Keys Shift, Alt, Ctrl7. Toggle Keys Num Lock, Scroll
Lock, Caps Lock8. Special Keys
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CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) Monitor
LCD (Liquid crystal Display) Monitor
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SVGA (Super Video Graphic Array)◦ 800 X 600 Pixels 15” Monitor
XGA (Extended Graphic Array)◦ 1,024 X 768 Pixels 17” To 19”
SXGA (Super Extended Graphics Array)◦ 1,280 X 1,034 Pixels 19” To 21”
UXGA (Ultra Extended Graphics Array)◦ 1,600 X 1,200 Pixels Above 21”
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Impact Printer (printing with hammering)◦ Daze wheel printer◦ Dot Matrix Printer
Non Impact Printer (printing without hammering)◦ Ink-Jet Printer◦ Laser Printer
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CPU
CU (Control Unit)ALU (Arithmetic &
Logical Unit)MU (Memory Unit)
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Memory Type as per
Flexibility Period Preference
ROM (Read Only Memory)
Non-Removable
Permanent -
RAM (Random Access Memory
Non-Removable
Temporary Primary
Hard Disk Non-Removable
Permanent Secondary
Floppy Disk Removable Permanent Secondary
Compact Disk (CD)
Removable Permanent Secondary
Pen Drive Removable Permanent Secondary
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0/1 1 Bit 4 Bit 1 Nibble 8 Bit 1 Byte 1 Character 1 Byte 1 Space 1 Byte 1 Enter/Paragraph 2 Byte
Computer Fundamentals
Continue…
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1024 Byte 1 Kilo Byte (KB) 1024 KB 1 Mega Byte (MB) 1024 MB 1 Giga Byte (GB) 1024 GB 1 Terabyte (TB)
Computer Fundamentals
…Continued
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RAM 64 MB, 128 MB, 256 MB, 512 MB, 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB
Hard Disk 2 GB, 10 GB, 20 GB, 40 GB, 80 GB, 160 GB, 320 GB,
Floppy 1.44 MBCD 700 MBDVD 4.7 GBPen Drive 1 GB, 2 GB, 4 GB
Computer Fundamentals
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System Software◦ Operating System◦ Utility Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter Uninstaller Antivirus◦ Device Driver
Application Software
Computer Fundamentals
DOS Windows
B/W Screen Color Screen
CUI (Character User Interface)
GUI (Graphical User Interface)
Single Tasking Multiple Tasking
Single User Multiple User
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