5. weinstock - quantum electronics

8/7/2019 5. Weinstock - Quantum Electronics

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QUANTUM ELECTRONIC SOLIDS

15 March 2011

Dr. Harold WeinstockProgram ManagerAFOSR/RSE

Air Force Research Laboratory

AFOSR

DISTRIBUTION A: Approved for public release, distribution unlimited. 88ABW-2011-0755


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QES Program OverviewThe Air Force Connection

Compact airborne

generator Gyrotron magnet

for airborne highpowermicrowaves

Sharp, low-loss

microwavecomm. systems

Voltage stabilizer

Fault currentlimiter

Low-loss power

transmission

Compactmicrowave,THz, IR &opticalcomponents.

Sub- near field

imaging

Nano-lasers

Optical routers

Shielding

Multispectral nanosensors

Dense memory & logic

Quantum computing Magnets for MEA


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Quantum Electronic Solids

Scientific Challenges

Superconductivity

New classes of high temperature superconductors

Combining superconductivity and metamaterials

HTS Josephson junction electronics

Metamaterials

3D metamaterial lenses; nano-lasers with spontaneous emission

Practical sub-wavelength imaging in the near field

Low temperature thermoelectric cooling

Nanotubes and Graphene

Control and utilization of NTs and graphene

Combining NTs and/or graphene with HTS superconductivity

Spintronics

Controlling atomic and nuclear spin with radiation at room temperature


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Program Changes

Superconductivity

Growth in international awards and collaboration

Addition of PECASE and YIP awardees in FY11

Metamaterials

FY06 MURI in final year

New core awards in late FY10

Connecting superconductivity and graphene


Growth via YIP awards in FY10 & Korean Nanoelectronics Initiative

Spintronics Mating new UIUC theorist with Awschalom at UCSB

Adding FY11 YIP at UCSB on MFM studies of N-V centers in diamond


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Toward New & Better Higher T SuperconductorsStanford, Princeton, Rutgers and Rice -- M. Beasley PI

Seeking new superconductors based on electronicpairing interactions

Approach:Charge disproportionation mechanism of superconductivity

e e e e

ee ee UBi4+ Bi4+

Bi3+

Bi5+

Metal CDW insulatorE

Localized pairs Superconductivity if pairs can be delocalized

disproportionation


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0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22

Hmod

| Hrf

Hmod || Hrf

SignalAmplitude(a.u.)

T(K)

EPR -wave absorption @ U.C. San Diego Tc-onset ~ 18K

Search for New SuperconductorsTimothy Haugan, Air Force Research Laboratory

Tc-onset ~ 18K

Vibrating Sample Magnetometer @ AFRL

Balanced Valance Compounds: (RE)+2,3M+3,4C4(O,F)-1,-2 for RE = rare-earth, M = Ti,Zr,Hf

Temperature, T, K

10 12 14 16 18 20

Ces

/T,J/g*K

2

0

5

10

15

20

Tc-onset ~ 19K

Specific Heat Capacity @ Ohio State Univ.


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Objective: search for enhanced SC at thin film interfacesResults: Tc enhancement found; cause yet to be determined

La2-xCexCuO4 superlattice

Substrate (STO)

x = 0.19

x = 0.06

x = 0.19

x = 0.06

x = 0.06x = 0.19

x = 0.06

. . .

. . .

Empirical Search for New SuperconductorsU Maryland-Iowa State-UC San Diego MURI (PI-R.L. Greene)


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Metamaterials can lead to one-way terminals

Metamaterial-based One-Way Cavities, One-Way Terminals & One-Way Loads

Nader Engheta, UPenn

DCB

air

10cavity

Input impedance of one-wayantenna

DCB

air

inZRe

inZ

One-way antenna


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transparentmaterial

objective

100 fsfs pulses

Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of 3D MetamaterialsEric Mazur, Harvard University

Objective: Directly write metallic metamaterials for theoptical and IR regimes in 3D using femtosecond (fs)laser fabrication.

Method: Grow metallic structures by focusing fs laserpulses inside a silver ion containing resin.


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10 m

Result:

Disconnected

3D patterning

Current efforts:

Improvingresolution and

3D patterning

Femtosecond Laser Fabrication of 3D MetamaterialsEric Mazur, Harvard University


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Spontaneous Hyper-EmissionEli Yablonovitch & Ming Wu, UC Berkeley

h

2

molecule

M

substrate

Au antenna

Au antennaGaAs-AlGaAsquantum well

Antenna slot defined by quantum well

thickness!

Using an optical antenna, Spontaneous Emission Rate can be

~0.1o !!!Faster than stimulated emission, but antenna slot must be very

narrow.


13/24

13Electric Dipole

World's smallest laser by external

volume ~ 3(/2n)3 A stepping stone to SpontaneousHyper-Emission (SHE)

Spontaneous Hyper-EmissionEli Yablonovitch & Ming Wu, UC Berkeley


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Graphene NEMS ResonatorsMcEuen-Cornell, Hone-Columbia

McEuen, Park, Muller

Atomic-resolution TEM of

CVD grains & grain boundaries

Large arrays of high performance

CVD graphene resonators

Pentagonal, heptagonal bondingNo dangling bonds

Direct RF readout: GrapheneNEMS resonators


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Grain Structure of Polycrystalline CVD GrapheneJiwoong Park, Cornell University

P. Y. Huang*, C. S. Ruiz-Vargas*, A. M. v.d. Zande*, W. S. Whitney, M. P. Levendorf, J. W. Kevek,S. Garg, J. S. Alden, C. J. Hustedt, Y. Zhu, J. Park, P. L. McEuen, D. A. Muller, in press, Nature

CVD graphene now available on larger scale; potential for high-speedelectronics and MEMS.

Image grain boundaries via atomic resolution (STEM) & highthroughput (DF-TEM). Enables study of polycrystalline nature.

STEM DF-TEM AFM

Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Excitonic


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Joh, D., et al., in press, Nature Nanotechnology

On-chip Rayleigh scattering intensity showsSWNTs are ideal optical wires.

- Peak optical conductivity ~ 8e2/h, behaviorsimilar to DC conductance of SWNTs.

- Radiant coupling between 2 distant SWNTsdemonstrates potential for antennas.

Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as ExcitonicOptical Wires

Jiwoong Park, Cornell University

G h S d t J ti


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Graphene-Superconductor Junctions asUltra-high Sensitivity Bolometers

Xu Du, Stony Brook University

0.1 1

1E-20

1E-19

1E-18

1E-17

1E-16

NEP ~ T2

NEP(W/Hz

1/2)

T (K)

*

Record-low NEP

Jian Wei et.al Nat. Nano.

3, 496 - 500 (2008)

Preliminary results on non-suspended

graphene tunnel junction bolometers

Suspended G-SC jcns enable

study of proximity effect near Dirac pt

G-Al tunnel junction with semitransparent

TiOx barrier


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(15N-V centers)

D. Toyli et al., Nano Lett. 10, 3168 (2010)

Nanofab of Single Spins & Arrays in Diamond

David D. Awschalom, UCSB

10 m

CPW

ion implantation masks from apertures in

e-beam lithography resist new types of spin qubits (15N-V center)

create 10 million electron spin pixels/hr

operate to GHz frequencies at 300K


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Static field

PtITO

side

view

Wait time (s)

T2*=3 s (electronic)

T2*=583 s (nuclear)

Storage fidelity=954%

Store the quantum state of an NV center

Swap the electronic spin tothe nuclear spin state

Nuclear spins have long-lived spin coherence

Intrinsic nitrogen nuclearspin (present every time!)

Microscope image

Diamond

Pt

ITO (indium tinoxide)

High-bandwidth, 2-axis vector magnet Experimental demonstration

BzBx

store

Readout

Time

e/2

read

e/2

wait

laser

Single Nuclear Spin Quantum Memory in DiamondDavid D. Awschalom, University of California Santa Barbara

Store a coherent state

Q t El t i S lid


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Tech Transfers and Transitions

Nanosensors

FY02 MURI led to 2 Phase-2 STTRs to develop chip-scaleChemFETs to detect peroxide-based explosives

Superconductivity

AMSC & SuperPower fabricate tapes developed under AFOSRfunding; superior flux pinning and MOCVD processing

Metamaterials

AFRL/RX & RY 6.2 programs coupled to and benefiting from6.1 program; sub-wavelength antennas evaluated by Northrop

Grumman


Still early in the game, but promise abounds


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STTR: Chip-Based Electronic Sensors for Chemical AgentsSeacoast Science, Inc. & U. C. San Diego

Contract #FA9550-10-C-0019

UCSDs

metallophthalocyanine-

based chemFET array.

Seacoast's polymer-

based

chemicapacitive

chemical detectors

Integrated circuit for sensor measurement and

preconcentrator control

Phase II accomplishments:

Demonstrated raw detection limits of a few ppbV

can be achieved for CWA simulant (DMMP) usingtube-style preconcentrator

Improved preconcentrator sorbents materials can

be made for selectivity to CWAs vs. interferents

Prototype was developed integrating both

chemicapacitor and chemFET arrays on single circuit

board and demonstrated in lab responding to

preconcentrated vapors

Pump

ChemicapacitorArray

ChemFETArray

Preconcentrator

Parallel-flow

chamber

Phase II prototype

LODs from prototype tested in lab air

Chemical and LOD (ppm)

Detectortype

DMMP DIMP 2-Nitro-toluene

Nitro-propane

HC

Chemicap0.001 0.002 0.03 0.001

PEVA

Chemicap0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04

H2PcChemFET 0.1 0.5 0.9 3

STTR: Superconducting Power Transmission


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STTR: Superconducting Power Transmissionfor Directed Energy Applications

Anthony Dietz, Creare Inc.; Leslie Bromberg, MIT

Superconducting Power

Transmission (SPT) system sizedfor 15-m 18.5kA DC cables

Multistage current leads cooled withcryogenic gas from a multi-stageturbo-Brayton cryocooler

Benefits over copper cables:

90% less weight40% less power consumed


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Coordination/Collaboration

Superconductivity

AFOSR leads the world in search for new superconductors

Maintain strong contact with DoE EFRC on Superconductivity

International in scope: Japan, China, Netherlands, Israel

Metamaterials*

Led triservice review of metamaterial 6.1 research

Co-fund & have close contact with RX & RY 6.2 program

Collaboration in Israel, Taiwan

Nanotubes and Graphene*

Joint graphene review with ONR

Support & attend international meetings

Collaboration in Israel, Korea, Taiwan

*Both of these fields are hot & have multi-agency support, but

DoD is a major player in these areas!


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International Activities

Superconductivity (SC) Wkshp on Search for New SCs (Sep 10, Beijing)

Ed: History of Superconductivity (pub. Sep 11)

Nanoscience

Israel Metamaterials Initiative/Wkshp (Nov 09, Israel)

Winter School: Beyond Moores Law 2 (Feb 10, Korea)

Taiwan Nanoscience Wkshp (Apr 10, Taiwan)

UFC, Brazil, visit with RYHA & SOARD (Jun 10)

Korea Nanoscience Initiative/Wkshp (Aug 10, Seattle)

IEEE Nano 2010 (Aug 10, Seoul)

5. weinstock - quantum electronics

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