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The Spectator

5-17-1968

Spectator 1968-05-17Editors of The Spectator

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SEATTLESpectator UNIVERSITY

XXXVI Seattle.Washington.Friday,May17. 1968 "^tr^" No. 50

Kerry Webster Appointed EditorK«Trv Wobster. a sophomore journal-

ism major and Seattle Times siaff re-porter, will be thf 1968-69 Spectatoreditor. The appointment was made thisweek by M" StephenDunphy (the form-

Mary Elayne Grudy). Webster sue-!. ?l;iivjrk Curran, pres<«n< culllor.Mikr Pdhindrl, ihe preset)! business

min,.i;i-i ma appointed managing editor, andlu<Jv I*ery, now feature editor. w;»s named asso-

editor.The threeeditors ant) their new staff.10 be named next week, will edit the May 29edition before beginninn full-time operation next(all.

Webster, who will be 20 next Friday, Is agraduate of Bollurmine Prep in Tatoma.He wasIhe SpßcfatOf B6WS editor this year, and assist-ant news editor last year.

He began his journalistic career us editor t>fthe BellarmineLION in 19R5-«t», During thot yearthe paper was awarded an All-Ammam ratingby the National High School Press Association,and named "Best Paper" in its class at theNorthwest Catholic High School Press Workshop.

Webster also served as editor of StudentPrints, Press Workshop publication, in 1900, andTRI-UOHTS, a publication of three Catholic highschools in Taooma.

Palandri has been The Spectator's businessmanager f<ir the last two years A 20-year-oldbusiness major from Portland. Ore., be was re-cently elected to the student senate. The JesuitHigh School graduate is imember of two na-

tional honorarles, Beta Gamma Sigma, business,and PiMv Epsiton.math.

Judy Fery. who will be the top-ranking girleditor next year, is from Stayton, Oregon.

Judy, 20. was director of this year's CatholicNorthwest High School Press Workhop. She is vthree-year staff member and was a tutor At thePeter Claver Center.

JudyFery.left,andMike Palandri

Spectator photoby LarryCntmrtKerryWebster, Editor-in-Chief

Individual Responsible:

Committee Passes Dress Code

rh« Assocmtvd Women Stu-dents' first year as a policy-making organisation has pro-duced I i» ■<■■ code for campusdress. The code released Wed-nesday in a noon meeting Of nilwomen Rtadntt Imposes, no nil*inn concerning women's dress.The Official statement read* asfollows:

"With the current emphusisoni responsibility the Se-

attle University coed must rec-ognize and relate 10 hit dressresponsibility on m urban cam-pus. A campus dress standardih&refore should rsftfid the m-dividunl's judgment, taste and

awareness of the social, busi-ness and gcodsitfic atmosphereof \sl-.ich slie is a part."In light of this, the Associated

Women Studenis recommendthat the University's responsi-bility concerning women's dresswill be assured by each coed.1h'.1 WVS CXpectS to promote ,t

bfgh standard of dress on cam-pus through recommendationsby various fashion-conscious individual* and nrganizations. Anyquestions concerning women'sdr».ss standards will be referredto AWS."

"IT'S THE MOST progressive

thing I've seen In my threeyears on campus," stated GayleTallo. Bellartnine flail presi-dent, who explained to those

»l at the meeting that thenew freedom, as all other free-doms, "imposes only that youthink." She cautioned that ifwomen students do not take theresponsibility tv set their ownstandards, that steps could betaken to impose another code.

The committeeresponsible lorthe new ruling was composed ofboth cabinet members and non-members: Mary Herman, jun-ior; Susie Barett. junior; GayifTallo. junior; Patty Mullen, jun-ior, and Nancy Reed, freshman.

THE DRESS-CODE proposalw.-is made aJ the April 20th AWScabinet meeting by Patty Mul-len, lashidii-board president. Theproposal was sent to the person-nel oottUnUUM .".b-.'ie it was.(mended and later signedby theVary Rev. John A. l-itter*»r. S.J.,University piesident. The pro-posal was amended ap.nin whenh w.is- returned to the AWS Cab-inet. In its final stage, the twice-amended proposal was passedby the; personnel committee

As stated in the proposal, anyquestionsor problemsmust comeback to the aws cabinet aw)bo handled through them.

AWS DRESSES CODE: Concerned coed Lou Antush, Kalhy Litakor,Li/ Maritnez,

leaders discuss the dress code at a r^ceni Alison Fry, Jeannic Malette and ToniWV.S mooting. From I- ii are Judy Fery. Clarke.

Voters Pass Pass-Fail;Cut Class Cuts System

Sl', students voted oyer-wliclminßly for a liberaliredclnss attendnnce »yst<*iti m |oJtifi>live quesMOOT on the senateclam election ballot TIIBIdSJI

According tn results releasedyesterday by Election BoardCoordinator Jakr Jacobs, 37S.iivl "no" to the question "Doyou lavor the present minimi..trativeruling ivquirinj; that 'anysimlont absent Prom15% <w mureof classes or laboratory sessions

will be dropped from the classwith a failing arade?

'" Eightyfive students voted "yes."

Tlip .students reaffirmed thepolicy o( unlimited class cutsfor honors students hy n vote ofy\2 t.» 119.

A projected pass/fail gfAdlßflsystem for non-major Atibjects

received enthusiastic sup-port, with 35t> "yes" vole*against 117 "no."

ArmyPresents AwardsTo Coed, 32 Cadets

Awards will be presented toone girl and 32 outstandingROTC cadets this afternoon atS.U.s 17th Annual President'sReview in Fort Lawton.

The 350 members of S.U.scadet brigade will be reviewedby the Very Rev. John A Fit-terer, S.J.. president; Maj. Gen.M. B. Kautfman, commandinggeneral of the U.S. Army Re-serve Command in Seattle; Col.John L. Robinson, professor ofmilitary science and head ofS.U.s ROTC Department, andCadet Col Paul Lenze. S.U.ROTC brigade commander andsenior economics major.

PAULETTE Gamache. 20, of-fice management junior andcommander of the BurgundyBleus, will be given the Dis-tinguished Girls Drill TeamMember Award.

The 90-minute ceremony willbtftbl at t:15 p.m.

Recipients and their awardsinclude:

Martin Ancich and MichaelDunnegan. Association r»f theU.S. Army Medal-, Hugh Ban-gasser, Reserve Officers Asso-ciation Scholarshipand SuperiorMarksmanship award; StephenClark, Artillery; Jerome Cun-

K.ngham and Lloyd Erickson,Knights oF Columbus Medal.

JAMES Deary. Military Po-lice Court; Michael Dolan, In-fantry; Robert Feser. Armor;Daniel Fields, William Douglas,Robert Kleft, and Kenneth Kur-tenbach, Inspirational: KennethHitch, Society of American Mili-tary Engineers: Lawrence Con-lan, Lawrence Damman, Pal-rick Layman,and Dennis Thorn-ton, Excellence In Military Sci-ence.

Paul Lenze. S.U. Sabre; Phil-lip Roppo, Booing Co., Law-rence Ktrchoff and Rune Sim-ard, both Superior Cadet Deco-ration; William Kuhns, Scab-bard and Blade GraduatingSen-ior Medal; Stephen Kriken, Dis-tinguished Drill Team Member;Michael O'Leary, Armed ForcesCommunications and Elec-tronics.

GEORGE Burrows. StephenJ.Millet Award: Carroll WhceldonMilitary Order of the Loyal Le;:"■! of the U.S. Medal; Thomas6 Martin, Chieftain Rifles Out-standing Member Award: Ed-ward L. Constantine Jr.. Daugh-ters of the American Revolution,and Milton Isa, Chieftain RiflesInspirational.

Thalia Plays ConcertThalia. S.U.s symphony"in

-residence, will present theThalia Symphony Tuesday.May21 in Pigott Auditorium at 8:00p.m. The concert, which is spon-sored in coopemtion with thefine arts department, is open tothe general public and compli-mentary.

S.U. coed StephanieDennis, ■Junior English-Education major,will play bass at the perfor-mance. Stephanieis ih« first Se-attle University student to playwith the orchestra, which iscomposed of umateur musiciansfrom the Seattle arcn.

Dr. Louis Chnstensen of thefine arts department will alsoperform with the group, direct-ing the orchestra in Barber's"Adagio for Strings"

The program for the eveningincludes Walton's "Orb andSceptre." John Peters conduct-ing; Donizetti's "Oboe Concer-tino." Jacqueline Birdsall solo-ing andFrunces Walton conduct-ing Barber's "Adagio forStrings," Louis Christensen con-ducting; Mendelssohn's Inciden-tal Music to "MidsummerNight's Dream," Mikael Schere-meticw conductingSiophanieDennis

Marquette U.NegroesSlam School's 'Racism'MILWAUKEE, Wl6. (APl— Almost hair of JcsUil-op. i-uteri Marque!te University's '19Noriyi students,includingfiv<- prominent basketball players, withdrew from theschool Thursday in a enniInning protest against whatihey rail it*"institutional racism."

Scores of other students began a sU-in at a bnsc-ment grill of the -turk'til union nnri said they wouldrt'iiifiin until Uuy weif arrested or the university metdemands tin Ihe immotllritc lilrinc of n Negro admin-istrator.

The Rev John P. Knvnor. S.J., pn»;irli?nt nl Mm-qutMto. said earlier Thursday thM (he s.-hool "will not begoverned by ropr.-ion."

The basketball plnyers include four men who wereexpi<-ttfl to be MnrKMS nev.t season

—George Thomp '

of New York City, who broke several MHrquetli? .scoringrecords in winninß All Anierlcsni hcriorable mentionbuJ geasbb; Draft Metntngcr, o high scoring freshmanfiom New York who has been billed as n future Btflr; JoeThomas of Canton. Ga.. and Pat Smith or Chicago. Tholilili Ik senior Blanton Simmons of Milwaukee. Mar-nuettC, the lniL''st i■."itli.'Hc coeducational university intlu- country, has a total enrollment of about 13.000.

ODDS&ENDS

By MIKE PALANDRIFother Morton said in The Seattle Times that 10 professors

leaving the English Deportment (fur one reason or another) was asign of "academic health." Does Urs mran thai the other depart-ments are academicallysirJc?

FatherMorton ulmi stated that this was normal for a universityof U»ls size. Others, however, have viewed this ait normal for auniversity of this quality.

At this pointIhad originally Intended to express my opinionsconcerning Father Powers' article in the Sunday Seattle Times.However, a letter in our Wednesday paper did surh a good jobofcutting himdown that I'll lethis remains li« inpeace.

QUESTION OFTHE YEAR: Why does the Administrationmakethings » clear, so very dear, to Seattle's two daily newspapersOfid the public, and yot continue to ignore The Spertutor and thestudents?

One of the funniest situations on rampiiF occurredthis Tuesday mornlnß because or b blown iransformer.The electricity Hi Campion was off for about an hournnri SO Itttnulea Boj who thought they wore early fortheir 8 o'clock class found thatthey were Lite Tor their 9 o'clockclass.

People with early morningtests found that they were atlust notjcc-iiblv distressed, thensomewhat relieved by the re-prieve. Those with later testsfound (hue they had Inst anhour'fr study time. Those whowcruuiußtit tn liteelevatordidn'tfind unything.

Saga Foods. although it knowof the problem, still closed itsdoors precisely at 8:15 a.m. It'sone heck of a way to start oWliie day at 9 o'clock (when youthink that it's 7: 'JO) and have tobeg a box of cereul from thekitchen rn;w" " " "

Finally, 1wish to thank all myconstituents for their support,both verbally and at the poll*.Now thut Ihiive been elected. 1promise to keep metre of theproinisw)* thiit I promised thanmy oppon<*m imuuised to kiiep?

We GetLetters... LettersYellow Journalism

Tn the editor:After receivingyour AprilIedi-

tion. Imc«nl tn write to you butnrglrciciJ it h» the ruth of btisl-nes». But after the April 26 edi-tion.Imust rectify Mils omissionunu cwmratulate you on receivingtht 'yellow press" uward. Dy theway, who gave It, Hnwun! K.Smith'

Rev. LauU Caffnay, S.J.Fulbrl|{hl L*clun-r.Bangkok, Thailand

Editor Swallows SelfT.I ilil- editor:

Ffir thy satisfaction of my curi-osity wouldyou clarify the mearving and intent at the editorial inthr Moy 15th issue of the Spec-tator?

The 'hung-up" and "hiing-up"introduction was in no way apniMcm. Without any cnthusii»«mI.oavide'r ii lo be one of the hel-ler of the cditnr's puns. Bui ihicontinuing my reading Iaflim:<lthr impression that <h<: remainderof (h« editorial wait the result ofthe desire to get the pun in printrather than to record Or expressa deep conviction. For thu logicof (he effort seems to lead to theanalogy of a snake pulping Usown tail and by duo processswallowing Uwlf mm ablivinn.

ASIUNDERSTAND the matterv protective .trsuit university at-lows a Jesuit to paint a subjecti his own choice upon commi*

siun from thf Campion Dormi oundl, Tho plcturo Decaaui tinoccasion of controvrrsy omongstudents In thr h.ill. CJospile thocontroversy it is iiung in v publicplace in the dormitr.ry with theapparent consent, or perhapsBven tlit- utipnival, of wliat in«edltoriul term* rnther vaguely."thOCB in .luthurity." As Iwritethe pVeture Is still then* nnd Iknow of no administrator, facultymember, or student who has doneii dung nbout it

Hence my confusion. How canIt be that tnis tacldsai "limn* inminiature," i>r in any manner,the problem of a protective Uni-versity'"' The instance clied»uems to have swallowed thepoint tobe proved.

OR IS IT (hat the editor meantand maintains that the paintingshould be hung exactly where hisi>r some oiher coterie wants It tobe Hung? Or l» the editor evalu-tmg the work for present and fu-ture peneratwns when hv writes;'Surely if the grotesquerlcs of

Goya. . can be hung in art gal-leries, tho incumdetcenceof Ibachc«n be accorded the same honorin Campion" Well, it Is hunt;there, isn't :l? Or doe* that "sure-ly if" mean that Goya's "gn>Uii-queries" arc Jess thanIbaeh's "In-candescence"?

There are other pu**les in-volved but I have no wish to ex-haust your space or ottcnii'inPrrhiips It was meant us a joke.But you must admit that consid-ering its place In Tho Spectator Itwould be hnrd for a ctm.-.iuntreader tn tell.

Robert Cormody. S J.

Caterpillars Peril

To tho editor (and Puttier Creen-gruss):Did you realize that you're

breaking a city ordinance nllnwIng caterpillars to harvest upiinany tree* adjacent to publichlfih-ways? True. It takes time tobeautify and landscapeyour campus withyour so-called "rock de-signs" but isn't it time you didsomething about beautifying ourtrees?

Givt' them a chance to livewhile they still oini otherwisere-place them with your meaningli-iss stunt- mmes nnd rest inpeace.

T G. Parnelli

Public MartyrdomSir:

In reference to tho pair of ar-ticles on the Catholic UniversityIn the May 12 Charmed Lundmagazine. I wiiuld hupe thatSeattle Univorsity apfircclotes ItsRay Bnrwrut. A* a graduate of aCutholjc tnstituticin similar to S.U.»nd now a dociorul candidate ntHie U.W., 1 might po'i« out thatwere It not far the Ray Browns,thn .scholarly and Intellectualcommunity might not notice S.U.

In the future perhapj the restof the community might no< no-tice it either. And there would besome benefits. The academic vicepresidont would nirt be put Intothe cmbnrruuing position ofhav-ing to make comforting but mis-leading statements about thereasons for the exitdus fit facultyand then apologise for ihe ftatu-menta The University could re-lax and be content in what Rev.Powers calls its "firm possessional a body of religious truth,"

■i ii can ruddy rin>n;iunee upon

all philosophical find ethical de-velopments an thry happen

It's «Uo desirnble that Rev.Powers shouldpoint lo the uwanlflgranted in S.U, students; becausetho scholarly community is onJylikely tit notlVr the "'award"givenby thr Americun Assoclatlnn tifUniversity Professors.I hrrpp that the S.U. adminis-

tration tnduy toall aWn to the be-k'jguorfd admimiiitrutiun of Civlumhiu The martyrdom can stillin' pubUb In thr future no onemaynotice.

Be groteful for Ray Brown.He'» nmtmg the reminlns fewwhn are tntcrestwl.

Robert G. Kraft

Career File Now OpenA complete file for career op-

portunities for women is nownvalluble in the AWS office.

Initiated last summer by Sil-ver Scroll and Gamma Pi Epsl-lon, headed by Gail Harris, thefile opened to B.U, coeds thisspring quarter.

CONTINUALLY undated,these

fik*offer information on careersIn business, fodera 1 careers,medicine, science, communityservices, armed service*, den-tistry—"anything a girl wouldho interested in," one studentcommented. The files arc con-cerned with practical informa-tion on where lo write, who tosee, where opportunities an?,etc

The Spectator. ■ ., ■ in I ivi !"<> sK*'

i mi-. ,i imi\ nl S-U .Tt. M ,!'

■ ng n.S lunlh A.*

5, kii ■ ,i.... » i■„

'

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2THE SPECTATOR Friday.May 17,1968

COLLEGE STUDENTSSUMMER EMPLOYMENT

Our better men Ult y««r averaged over 1170.00weokly. This year* opportunity is even greater.

$15,000 SCHOLARSHIP AWARDS $15,000

Participate in competition lor individualscholarship awardi up to $3,000.00

Win-Ford Station Wagon

Boston WhalerFull-length Mink CootOther Valuable Awards

MANAGEMENT TRAININGQualified men will be given opportunity to develop

management ikillt in i.iloi and »alo» training, officeprocedure*, personnel control, etc.

NO EXPERIENCERequirements:Over 18, near appearancecooperative

attitude, above average intelliganca.Transportation furnished.

IMMEDIATE INTERVIEWSPhone Mr.Green, 9:30 to 1:00

—MA 3-7676

I'M ONMY WAY J^ & V^k.to the HIPH^ m

. . . THEY PLAYTHE GOOD OLD BaN- ' \SONGS AT

—Goodie Night! f^^B^^^/m7 TO 10 P.M.

EVERY f^BffSfay? M

Pitchers Only

The Spectator

JourneymanHistory of Vietnam Policy Outlined

By MR. ALBERT MANN"Though th« war lasted four years andhillud millionM, nothing in the GreatWar was «o tcrrihla or custly as thepeace signed afterwards in the ever-menwritble Chamber of Harrom atVemalllvt."

IOH ami All That

IUIE svar In Vietnam, like everywar. has its horrore, and the

peace will have its price. It is my con-tention that the government and peopleof the United Stales (or, pace the HonW, F, Fulbrlght. Scnatu* PopuluftqutAmericue), having failed \u define ude-quately the war are in peril of failing todefine or understand the inevitablepeace. But if we misconstrue the nego-tiations their outcome will probablyrender our reaction quite irrelevant.

Negotiation, jlke war. depends on theintent of both sides. One side's failure tosccun- advantage in either stems fromits lack ol attention to the nature, goals,tactics und visionof theother. Inside andoutside Saigon and Washington there-arc good minds which grapple the Hanoigovernment and its agencies with deepunderstanding. But there arc too manyinfluential minds who know the AsianCommunist leaders superficially or notat all, and in American political dis-course they outshout and may outvotethe knowing

Our enemy kn this war— or series ofconfrontations uf which some are shoot-m{t wars— is a complex and remarkablehuman phenomenon He is difficult forAmericans and other Western moral so-phisticates to credit or to understandfa kfl als<i w«-eedini;ly dan«er«us for U9io confront. But it is he who will givethe Finnlity (o the negotiations now be-ginning, and it is our apparent failureto know him that gives him the qualityof a trap for us.

THESE NEGOTIATIONS, In fact, areonly the most rec«nt in a series of trapsfor the unwary, into almost all of whichseriatim, we have stepped slack-jawed

urn* akimbo during the past 18year*.

In 1950-53. Korean War years, the Tru-man Atlmillustration In a shack reactionto Ihi: enmrnunizatton of China and toopen aggression In Korea chose to treatthe French battles then goingon in Viet-nam us v southern flank of the Koreanfrom. We thought we faced an Asia-wide attack by Communists under Sta-lin'sorders.

This interpretation suited the moodof our domestic politics at that time; itfit the image of a mnnnlitliic Soviet blocbent on expansionby force ot arms cou-pled with opportunistic use of economicchaos to rally class warfare. This inter-pretation of the Soviet threat, graduallydefined by Americans, including manyof the most thoughtful, between 1944 and1949. was reasonable, well documentedin Europe and Korea, und gratifyingly

clean cut In terms of Vietnam, it hap-pened also to be wrong. Trap NumberOdd.

In 1990-53, as for five years before,Vietnam was In revolt under Marxistleuders; but they were local communists,not under direction from either Russiaor China; and the revolt itself was sup-ported by many non-communist nation-alist and even democratic factions. Whenthe U.S. gave aid to the French toopposethe red leaders of rebellion, it was alsohelping oppose the non-red followingofrebellion. To support France was tosupport colonialism. Trap Number Two.IN I»SJ-54, Geneva Conference years,

the Eisenhower Administration took abold stand to quarantine Asian Commu-nism. Having won the 1952 el«tlonspartly on issues of Democrats' reputed"softness on Communism" (for the"loss" of China, the "loss" of North

Korea, the fates of Poland,Hungary andCzechoslovakia, the Yalta "sell-out").Re-publicans had to support a non-Commu-nist government in Saigon, to prolongthe division of that country as of Koreain order to contain the great beast anilto accord with the American politicaltemper which the Republicans hadhelped to create with their election sim-plicities.

The crusuding fervor with which wethen set out to save Southern Vietnamnlso prolonged and deepened the mis-take of the Democratic administration,taking Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh nt thesame value the Trumnn People hadplacedon them. It also put us in positionof replacing the Imperialist and coloninl-ist French as bulwarks against Ho'smovement, which ?till retained the sup-port of many non-Communist patriots.Trap Number Three.

Ho Chi Minh was busy killing, impris-oning and exiling many of his formerallies In the North: but in the Southwhere ho was known for his loyalty inwar rather than for his perfidy and fan-aticism in victiiry, we made his move-ment appear still to be the home of anti-imperialists. The very foreignness, thealien source of the support for the Sai-gon government contrasted In the Viet-namese imagination with the domesticsources of Hanoi's power and its record.is a liberator from outside powers. By.nntinulng to misinterpret Hanoi as apuppet of Moscow, we so acted as tnmake Saigonseem very like a puppet ofWashington in the eyes of its own peo-ple, especially the educated minority.Trap Number Four.

THERE IS|point at which a mistakeceases to be just a mistake and becomespart of reality. At that point. übiectton.?to It and regrets over it. however well-founded and valid, become irrelevant.The world shaped by the error comesto have validity and imperatives of ilsown. The arrival of Ngu Dinh Diem,under American favtir, as Chief of Stale

Mr. Albert Mann is an associateprofessor of history. His specialfield of Interest is China and theFar Enst, but his historical com-petence extends into Americanand European history as well. Hehas participated in severalcampus discussions on academicfreedom and the war in Vietnam,and today's article Uhis first con-tribution to the Journeyman. Mr.Mann is currently finishing histhesis work for a Ph.D. at theu.w.(later President) of South Vietnam beganthe serious construction of effectual gov-ommant in that country. The infusion ofmoney, advice and material from theU.S.aided incrcatng a viableeconomy,administration, military, educational sys-tem. We had backed an equivocal allyandhelpedcreatev dubious government;but the government was a fact and wasan ally.

We had drawn our line of containmentin Vietnam, on poor understanding ofIssues, in a place where it was embar-rassing in pence and vulnerable to warand subversion, embarrassingly difficultalso to defend: but it was a line, and theprestigeof America rode on it, as Amer-ica's enemies knew. Unfortunately, ourhabit of falling Into traps survived.

In 1953-60. the years of South Viet-nam's national consolidation, the Eisen-hower Administration committed theU.S. to support the regime of Ngo DinhDiem in Saigon. Because Diem was apatriot, nationalist and anti-French con-spirator, am) because he successfullyunified the country against corrupt gangsand divisive sects, we seemed to haveredeemed our mistake In drawinga lineof containment In mo difficult a place asVietnam and in so dubious a cause asthat of live French before us.

BUT DIEM Wftfl also a Catholic Chris-tian in a country uf v non-Christian ma-jority, a mnndnrin elitist in a countrywith an increasingmiddle class an<! in-tclligvnsia. who were demandinga sharem i;(jvemment that the mandarin wasunwilling (a give up, a paternalist in acountry increasingly turning toward pa-ticipatorygovernment. Our Htipport tend-ed to identify the man with tho countryat a time when the country wan begin-ning to draw away from the man andfromhis vision of it. TrapNumber Five.We failed to use influence to qualifyDiem's one-man rule (more exactly, in

die old Asian mandarin pattern, nne-fnmily rule) until too late for any alter-native to have formed.In iSHiO-KI. years of intensifying guer-

rilla war and political crisis, we con*tinned to support Diem pro-forms butsimultaneouslyto encourage,with neithercandor nor honesty, those of his domes-tic enemies who were non-Communist.TrapNumber Six. Diem had forced themunderground and had prevented themfrom generating a true political opposi-tion. They became factional, divided .mildivisive, plotters rather than politicians.

Most of them represented variouselites— the educated, the rich, the arrayor civil service

—without sufficiently wide

popularity. They lacked unity anu char-isma, stability and popularity, thoughsome of them were honest, patriotic andeven ableas individuals.

IN IM3-C5, the Yearsof Crisis, wesup-ported the plotters who overthrew Diemand his family. We trusted them tocreate stable govenment when they couldnot agree among themselves to shareor use power: we trusted them to demo-cratize the state when mostof them wereelites or interest-group members andfeared for their roles against all rivals;we trusted them to popwlnnw the resis-tance to the guerrilla war and to win iton their own resources when they wereremote from the masses, divided, wereineffectual and sometimes corrupt TrapsNumber Seven,Eight and Nine.

We had accepted, in the Kennedyyears, the premise that we could onlyhelp those who would help themselveswithout our giving up the

—by then-—

long-standing commitment to containCommunism in Vietnam. We asked thedivided, elitist, amateur politicians toremake themselves, their country andthe war. to becomeall at once new men:knowing,masterful, popular,responsible,and victorious— ln the presence of theenemy, and under fire.In these years when the enemy was

escalating the war and approaching vic-tory over our patronees in Saigon, wefurther asked die rulers of South Viet-nam to work their miracle* without em-barrassing us by relying on us. yet weincreased our military commitment tothem from a few hundred to almost 17,-000 "advisers." Trap Number Ten. Onedoes not sensibly improve his position,or save his face, or meet the needs ofdisengagement by stepping up aid to thehopelessand the visibly falling.

WHEN IN IMS the American Govern-ment finally realized that the war wasbeing wnn'by the National LiberationFmrir armed and guided by the govern-ment of Hanoi and by personnel drawnfreely from the LaoDong Party of NorthVietnam, Washingtonwas forced to weighthe consequences of further action. IfDiem had succeeded in maintaining hisgovernment without allenatinß his nutiir-al allies among the non-Communists ofthe South, or if he had fwkd utterly andearly, we might have withdrawn easily.If we had not moratlstically opposedDiem's family's grosser political crudi-ties and so helped underwrite his fall and(he governments which followed his, wemight have abandoned the latter. If wehad nut drawn ;i line oJ containmentagainst Asian spread of Communist gov-ernments, we might hove drawn oneelsewhere In 1965. None of these helpfulalternatives had materialized.

South Vietnam had become a goingconcern under Diem. The U.S had sus-tnined it. Intervened to help «hapt- it.tried to reform and purify it. and com-mitted its honor and policy to it. and itW4> dyltiK- ftu enemies were our ene-mies. Their propaganda wns making

THESPECTATOR-JOURNEYMAiN PageThree

(Continued onpage 0)

Friday,May17.1968

Fanatic Fever Breeds BelligerenceBy TIM DECKER

v,j one run he it the name twa nsincere CatkoHc ami a irUc Stoctollat."

Piiwt XLQu»<l AnnoiW3J/■U. '/"" not want black WptwiUUtlt

ta hover over Ammioml We mustXOT and 'M.VJVOT1afford tn let Com-iinr'iri.'M ititetjratc imr stffattfe. EveryNati\> torn White ChnUlu ProtextantAmerican citleert simuid >h in thit\ja)uzat\on-~)nultitwli'H an romimj hi.

■ ytm/":ic.r/i a fmm^hlct entitled: Mystic

Knights nl (he Ku Klux Klan Ride Again[Attic Ki>ck, Arkanttu

"join wtlh v* to orgvniH Oh vers into one nll-in'iitiful Hociiilist In'duxtnit Unktn ta lwrk up the SocialMballut by taking jn**4txxion ot ttut t»-stntmtntH <if production and tockUw"mi tin' outvoted, unurpiiuj mpUalixtclass.'-

Weekly People /October7. 1907)

I^HE three passages above haveone basic thing in common:

ilu'v rafted a particular ideologicalbins,f i.mi this arises a second bond of simi-larity— they ntv iill equally absurd Re 1-lUlijk that it is a breach of logical -mdintellectual etiquette to make such ablatant condemnation without atternptinuto support the sMMment, 1 offer a* myonly defense the apparent validityof mypnsiiion For purposes of clarity, how-cvir it will hi* of benefit to examine thecharacteristics of ideology und why llresults in the type of thinking exempli-fied above.

First »f nil, an ideology is a structuralframework of doctrines, opinions, orways of thinking of ipartfcuuir group orclass. In this respect, ideology U neces-sarily anti-individualistic. When Hn in-dividual hi>lds a certain position as thehe«t course of action for himself, wniteat the same time being ijware of Itspossible fallihilities and "nnn-applicut-nnfor others, he mainlttins not v) ideologybut merely a personal preference.It isonly when he attempts to persimde

others of the inherent superiority of hisideas that lie becomes an idMhigfat.Whether or not ho succeeds in this taskis non-easetitial. The major factor isthat a «<M Ol belii-i n i heenmr moi-eImprirtiiiit than the right of any tint in-divirhint to embrace whichever Ideas hechooses.

IT IS HI thll point that an ideologymnst often tends toward dogmatist)for unless n perXnn were convinced thathis lden» were belter or truer thnn op-pnsinii ViWfc Ihtrt would bB "" realrensun for him vi attempt to permadbothers la his position, and once againthir mutter WOliU become one of p«r-sonal preference.

'TV aiiivc i\\.inifL'.shitiiui of dogma-tism kg fanaticism; hy fanaticismImt-.intlw attitude th.it tome one thing m sooverwhelmingly important that all other

r. mi" uiiiip.lfr. in (."uniparL'Jon-But what is the cause of fimaticlsm?

Why ilut's man find it nt.vusK.iry tn adoptand dogmatically defend and promulgatea particular ideology' The basic reasonis fear which arises from insecurityThe prime example of this is mnn's ttHItiation of his own mortality. The un-certainty that arises from continuous

A senior political science major.Tim Decker will graduate in June.The 21-Year -old native of Minot.North Dakota spent his junioryear at the University of Fribourgin Fribourg. Switzerland,as an ex-change student under the auspicesof Georgetown University. Thecurriculum included Sovietology,one of Decker's major interests.Immediate plans (or the future arebeing decided by the SelectiveService. His outside interests in-cludeskiingand golf.susceptibility to death is frightening, andeven more devastating to man is (heconcept that he can be killed, Throughthe advancesof scicocc and the institu-tion of various lawn man has managedto increase his chances of leading ntonner life.

BUT THERE remain toduy two thing*ahuh neither medicine nor legislationhits managed to olfmlrmte: war and theultimate Impossibility of total escapefrom death. To compensate far this, andin nn attempt to alleviate his fears asmuch as possible,man turns to ideology.In war this supplies a cause eelebre fordeiith. If people can convince them-■oilves that they are fighting and dyingfor thi.- forces of unlimited Rood againstunlimited evil, they believe for somereason that death has become no longermeaningless. They have taken one idea,tine belief, andmade it so overwhelming-ly import;mt that everything else (evendeath) has become less important incomparison.

Thus, not only their own deaths, butalso the deaths of enemy forces Old

dvillana appear excusable. It isthis type of thinking, that has inspiredthe Hebrew -tnil Islatn'i: "Holy War"oncept, the Christian Crusades, and the

"better dead than Red" mentality. Toquell the fear arising from the finalinevitability of di-ath. religion has sup-plied man with the concepts of spirituallife after death and physical reincarna-tion. In afreet, both

*circumvent the

problem of death, and the accompanyingfears, by denying it. For if life inevit-nbly goes on, even in a different form,death, and the uncertainty .surroundingit,does not really exist.

Not only the fear of death, but inse-curity in any form can turn man towardidwln^y and fanaticism. It is not agenuine foiling of superiority,but ratherexactly the opposite, that most oftenmakes peopleraeifts. They hav»' a basicfeeling of inferiority which they attemptto alleviate by fanatically adopting anUenlrißy that cutcrs to thl.i inadequacy.

AT VARIOUS times in hittory entirecommunities hnvi* tried to eradicateJheir own rell((iciu& failings and adtihtlthrough .such things ;is the Inquisition.1;and witchDtirninftS. This is evident eventoday in the popuhr attitude awardpeople like Madalyn Murray. Dut nffear and v f»jcllnn of uncertainly,peoplebind together and purpttrt an Ideoloßy—hoping this will provide them with tmntal and physical security, Sta« oppos-inc view*; or ideologies threaten Ihi"■sense of wcurlty, there arisi'it v hatred

of those who do nothold the samo views.Inasmuch as Madalyn Murray is v con-stant reminder to religious people af tbopossibility that they niuld be wrong,she is a threat to thesecurity that relig-ion ban supposedly given to them. So, indirect contradiction to the very thJngthey are defending, they hate her.

Conversely, because religion raisesdoubts as (o the validity of her beliefs.Mrs. Murray also finds it nccesiwry tohate. It is a curious fact Otut mostfanatics hate those who embody exactlythat which they say they have no desireto be.

A racist should have no cause to bateanother person if ho really feels superiorto him Likewise, truly educated andcultured people should feel no reason tohate those, they consider less educatedand less cultured If genuinely convincedof the superiority of his beliefs, there isnothing <short of open physical threat)that should make a Communist hate aCapitalist, ur vice-versa. The interestingparadox of ideology b that it springsfrom und produces the very thing It triesto alleviate: fear.

THE FANATIC pursuance of an ideol-ogy produces not only hatred, but intol-erance of those who hold opinions con-trary to ours. Intolerance is particularlydangerous In the spheres of politics andtvligion because, in addition tn socialpressure, it Is afforded the possibility■if manifesting itself in civil and c*astlcal law. Intolerance of opposingviews is glaringly evident in (hi; Soviet

Union, but no more .-» than in theUnited States

—as witnessed by the Mc-

Carthy hearings of the early 'SO'a, theeffect* of which still remain, oven inour legal system. What can be said oflack of toleration in Communist Chinais equally valid in Nationalist China.And the political intolerance in Polandand l^lvia is no worse than that mSpain and Paraguay.

But perhnps the most distressing factof the hatred and intolerance arisingfrom ideological fanaticism 1.% that itfrequently results In a "holy war"against the non-believer (whether thenon-believer be Christi.n*. M>>slem, Com-munist, segregationist, or whatever), awnr launched against some "devil" withwhom a rightco»B people can never co-i-msi, a devil that must be exorcised ifthe world is to be saved. The conserva-tive; take up a holy crusade to savethe South Vietnamese from the N.1..F.or the Cubans from Castro, while the lib-erals are interested in freeinjt SouthAfrica from its Afrikaner leadership.

History has seen too many holy warswith each producing the fanatics ac.ain.itwhom the next crusade must be fought.Too often people have taken n set ofprinciples and made them more unpax-tnnt tn.in the people for whom they wereadopted, the result being hatred, emblt-ferment. and the fruitless loss of life.

PERHAPS THE best summation of tbcsituation surrounding ideology was madeby Oscar Wilde: "A thing Is not truemerely because a man dies for it."

Practice-theoryBy FR.FRANK COSTELLO, 5.J.

IHAD just agreed to write thisarticle on U.S. Catholics and

jieatv i'«ir the Journeyman whenon *rlcli-by Msgr. Joseph Gallagher iipnc.irc-tl Inn national Catholic weekly. The article.said so much better what Iwanted insjy thut Ihuvc prevumed to >>nnuw lib-erally fmm It.

During the final session of Vatican IIthe nUhopH of the U.S. overwhelminglyendorsed one of the most fiercely anti-war documents In Christian history. Ac-cording to the "Constitution On (heChtirrh in th<- Modern World.'" mankindhas reached an hour of supreme Ortfib;nuclear holocaust iy truly possible andmv.st l>c averted; everyone must evalu-ate war with un entirely ni:w miml

Vntir.m If further alflrmx that evenIn a war in .self-defense not all actionsare permissible. Expressly forbidden asmorally wrong Is saturation bombing ofpopulated areas In addition the churchtenches thut ,< form of world authoritymust be creatednnd world disarmamentmust be achieved. Such in brief are$ome of the teachings of Vatican II onwar and peace.

IN CONTRAST to theso teachings arethe attitudes of t'.S. Catholics. Mostpublic opinionpolls which classify Amer-icans by religious affiliations reveal thatU.S. Catholics are the most "h;iwklsh"section of the population. What wouldaccount 'or this attitude? One reasongiven in the studies Ihave seen is thefact that Catholics in higher proportionAre conscious of their tmmijtrunt originsand. fcurlna lest they be susperfe-d ufbeing less Amerirun th.in their neigh-bors, have developed n tradition of bend-ing over backwards to prove their patri-otism.

" ondly, tl.en- is the tradition of .intl-Communism among Arni-m-an Catholics.Early In the ittflO's Catholics were pro-perly warned about tht> dangersof Com-munism by Jn MCyclipal of Pius XI.Thft BXCefleot document was th«: subjectof mIntense study in rnch parish of theoonnlry in a well-organized effort to

ite the Catholics of America. 1canwell recall my pJin'iuV riilhnlir neighhnrs oi out hntTiL' parish mining to OMrhome virklv in itudv the- encyclical in<;. iill No educational effort w intcnv.whas been attempted llnce, :indmuny mil-lions of Catholic* are basing their pntlix-

Chrlstiati internationiiltsm on this docu-ment studied 35 years ago. The encyc-lical on Communism was t.mcly andneeded. Ihe problem is that a greatdeal has happened In the past .15 yearsbut nn L-umpanible effort to update

tian internallnnnlUtn has takenplace.

John XXUI's "Mater at Magistra"and HP«coni In TferU*" were encvcilcaltur I'qual importance (>» Pius Xls, butJohn's !"" h lunghas been largely Ignoredby the same Catholics who studied untiCommunism in the '.Ms. There Ims liwna huge* lag between theory and practiceinChristian interoatxiniilism.

Compounding thLs Ing Is tlve failure ofAmerican Catholics generally to knowand accept tho teaching of Vatican 11.HereIfeel that tine could have rxpecfedthe American bishops to huve made in-;■ irivc crforts to bridge the understandIng gap. For the most part they haveignored the doctrines they themselvesdeveloped in the last session of Vatioin11. Unfortunately the nationalistic state-ments of the late Cardinal Sp<;llm;inwere widely taken as representative ofthe VS. helrarchy. When the Cardinal,fresh from the final session of Vatican 11,made his statement: "My country, rightor wrong," not a single American bi.«Ji-op spoke out in dissent ryv even tn ques-tion the Cardinal's meaning. Same draftboards, citing Cardinal Spellman's state-ment, question whether a man can beboth a Catholic and a conscientious ob-jector. Yet Vatican IIexpressly recom-mends that countries provide humaneIjws for those who rannot in consciencesupport war. What have the Americanbishons done to a«ist these millionstroubled in conscience by the Vietnamwar?

THE GENERAL silence of the VS.bishops on the dioccsun level, wouldleave th« Impression that there are nomural issues facing U.S. Catholic* astheir country drafts them and -isks themtn participate in the Vietnam conflict-

Bishop John J. Dougherty, chairmanOf tin' nislioiw' Committw on WorldPeace and Justice, hAS lately admittedthnt ti-.p hierarchy in the u.s. has notprovided sufficient Irndcrship In thepeace movement "And in this," he- said,"1 wmild include the entirechurch lead-mshifi It wnuld «em to me that weshould be champions of pence Hi dis

Friday.May17. 1968THESPECTATOR-JOURNEYMAN4

Outdated, Militaristic Policy DecriedBy DR. WARREN B. JOHNSON

A FRIEND of mine use to say,"The trouble with American

foreign policy is that we can't tell thedifference between a hungry man and aCommunist organizer." Like all gener-alizations, this tends towards oversim-plification, but at the same time it con-tains a good bit of truth especially whenone takes a hard look at official UnitedStates behavior toward the world sincethe endof World War 11.

In most of our actions since 1945 we'veidentified the major force as Commu-nism when the realpush has beennation-alism and anti-colonialism. We've seenonly Communist subversives at work in-stead of the forces of social revolution.We've seen Communists exploit a situa-tion, but in rare instances did they ini-tially cause it.

This year may prove to be a landmarkyear in foreign relations. We've seengreat interest created in overallU.S. for-eignpolicy— highlightedby the Secretaryof State's appearance before the SenateForeign Relations Committee. The wor-ried looks on the faces of committeemembers reflected the concern that isin the minds of many Americans. Some-thing is wrong with our foreign policyand it has been wrong for a long time.Re-appraisal is long overdue, and itshould be given the highest type of pri-ority.

TODAY, when Americans think of for-eign affairs they think of Vietnam. Thisis onlynaturalsince that tragic,bleeding

corner of the Asian continenthas us com-pletely tied up inknots. A country con-taining five percent of the Asian popula-tion occupies almost 100 percent of oureffort and resources.

Soon (we hope) Vietnam will be de-fused and eventually it will be solved.Then we need to do two things: first,find out why it happened, and secondly,make certain it doesn't happen again.

In our analysis it seems to me we aregoing to be forced to answer a double-barrelled question: did Vietnam repre-sent a logical step in U.S. foreign policyor was it simply another in a series ofad hoc responses to individual interna-tional events?

THE ANSWER could be "yes" to bothparts of the question.Given our policy atthe end of World War 11, "yes, it waslogical" and "yes, we did respond in anad hoc manner to events since then."

This brings me to the central core ofthe problem— we need a broad and deepreassessment of our foreign policy. Theworld has changed since the late 1940'sbut our basic foreign policy hasn't.We've remained too rigid when the worldsituation has called for flexibility.We'vereacted too much to the challenges ofothers instead of exercising the leader-ship that a great power should. We'vespent too much time putting out firesaround the globe instead of promotinga program of fire prevention. We talktoo much about the Communist chal-lenge instead of promoting the demo-cratic initiative.

Our foreign policy has been entirelytoo military. There was a time in thelate '40's when our foreign aid, for ex-ample, had a much higher non-militarycontent. Since the Korean conflict thebalance has shifted overwhelmingly tothe military side.

IN VIETNAM, where political andeconomicreformis said to be paramountto any real stabilization, the pacificationprogram is dominated by the military.Militarypeople may be talentedand sin-cere but their training and interest isfirst of all military. They shouldn't beexpected to operate in the political-so-cial-economic arena.

In the past the military approachhascaused problems. Witness the India-Pak-istan War of 1965— fought with Americanarms supplied under the SEATO agree-ment. Also the $46.1 billion in militaryhardware sold around the world since1949 ($12.1 billion since 1961) has goneto such trouble spots as the Middle East,Congo and to Latin America. There arefewer civilian governments in LatinAmerica than there were ten years ago.Whether or not our military aid hasmade these strong-man takeovers pos-sible is arguable but, the fact remains,we continue to supply them with arms.The argument that if we didn'tsell thesearms the Communists would is no argu-ment at all.

Our foreign policy has had too muchcold war orientation. We Americansseem to have great difficulty in recogniz-ing the fact that the world has changed

Dr. Warren Johnson is assistantprofessor in the history depart-ment. His field of interest isAmerican domestic anddiplomatichistory as well as modern Britishhistory. He has stated his opposi-tion to America's Far East foreignpolicy in campus forums, and intoday's article he presents hisviews in light of recent develop-ments. Dr. Johnson received hisPh.D from the U.W.since the old Stalin days of the BerlinAirlift and the Iron Curtain. We've cre-ated an image for ourselves of Commu-nist nations marching in perfect ideo-logical lockstep across the internationallandscapeunder the hammerand sickle.At the recent Budapest InternationalCommunist PartyConference only sevenCommunist countries showed up and oneof these (Rumania) walked out in a huff.Several did not appear because theyfeared offending Communist China ifthey appeared too friendly to Russia. An-other "unity" conference is set for Mos-cow later this year. Whether any moreor less unity will be exhibited is any-one's guess.

WHEN THE Iron Curtain fell overCzechoslovakia in 1948, the West all butwroteoff that once-democraticnation asever being free again. The Czechs areprobably far from free right now buttheir 1968 May Day observance camecloser to resembling a "maypoledance"than it did a glorification of the state.Observers noted a preponderance of"smiles and flowers" and an absence oftanks and troops.

But, you say, "we can't trust them.""They'reprobably up to something devi-ous." This is very possible, but we'dbetter first find out what is going on.We might need to change our approach.We still insist on driving the 1949-modelNATO. We forget that the Kaiser, theHudson, and the Packard were aroundthen too. And the now-defunct Edselwas still inplanning stage.

Europe has changed greatly sincethe NATO-Marshall Plan days of the

'40's and '50's. The Common Markethas come into being, a lively trade hasdeveloped between East and West Ger-many, the Italians have built an automo-bile plant in the Soviet Union— to saynothing of the rise of DeGaulle. TwoNATO allies,Greece and Turkey, almostwent to war over Cyprus. And theGreeks, whom we saved from a Commu-nist takeover in the late '40's, have nowbeen taken over by a right-wing juntaof colonels— armed, incidentally,by our-selves. Yugoslavia, the base of Com-munist operations against the Greeksin the '40's, has been the leader of poly-centrism within the Communist Bloc na-tions. And still we persist in many ofour ideas and methods which began tobeoutdatedeven15 years ago.

ALL TOO OFTEN our foreign policyhas been in the form of a reaction.Whether it is landingten thousand troopsin Santo Domingo or calling up theReservesfor the PuebloCrisis our actionhas been in response to somebody else'sinitiative. It is basically negative ratherthan positive and it usually is over-re-action. It may very well cause the ene-my to pause and reflect but it also givesour allies gray hairs and confuses anddemoralizes the Stock Exchange. Whatis even worse, any real attempt to workout a long-range policy is pushed asidefor the ad hoc "managed crisis" ap-proach.

LagDisturbsPriestLove Thy Enemy

Fr. Frank Costello. S.J.. hasserved S.U. both as a teacher andan administrator. He has beenacademic vice presidentand exec-utive vice president. CurrentlyFather is acting head of the de-partment of political science. He isan activecampaigner for peaceandoften contributes to campus paneldiscussions on peaceand Vietnam.Father received his Ph.D. fromGeorgetown University.

ciples of Christ. And Idon't think weare getting enough leadership in thespecific target areas of the efforts thatare made for peace, the causes of peace,the philosophy of peace, the Christianattitude of peace, the whole gospel mes-sage of peace."

To fill in the record, the Catholic bish-ops did issue a statement on the Viet-nam War in November 1966, five yearsafter the U.S. involvement. It was anexcellent statement as far as it went, ifonly that it repeatedbasic ideas of Vati-can 11. The bishops spoke of a need for"personal example, study, discussionsand lectures" by way of creating thebasic climate for peace. Would a sur-vey reveal that much has been doneto undertake this task? Has the same

degree of energy and insistence beenused on this peace program as has beenused on anti-birth control and anti-abor-tion programs?

THE STATEMENT continues: "It isclearly our duty to insist that all theissues involved in the Vietnam conflictbe kept under moral scrutiny. No one isfree to evade his personal responsibilityby leaving it entirely to others to makemoral judgments." Would it not havebeen helpful for the Catholic Conferenceof Bishops to undertake the collectionand transmission of dependable dataabout the war so that individual Catho-lics could be assisted in meeting thisgrave responsibility.In conclusion the bishops repeated the

obvious. "In the conduct of any warthere must be moral limits." Should notthe best available theologian be engagedby the U.S. bishops to spell out moreclearly just what these morallimitsare?

Monsignor Gallagher believes that thegeneral lack of peace leadership fromthe bishops of the U.S. results largelyfrom their negative pre-occupation withCommunism. Unquestionably, Commu-nists are responsible for evils as mon-strous as man has ever experienced.But, I, for one, do not want the bishopsto keep tellingme how bad the Commu-nists are

— Iknow that only too well.Ido expect something positive from

the spokesmen of the gospel in this ageof crisis. Iwant from them a theologyof the enemy and a theologyof reconcili-ation and some occasional remindersthat Christians are supposed to love theirenemies, even if their names are HoChi Minh and Viet Cong.

IWANT to be reminded of Pope John'swords: "A man who has fallen intoerror does not cease to be a man. Henever forfeits his personal dignity; andthat is something which must always betaken into account."Iwant some understandingof why peo-

ple become Communists and of the obli-gation of the wealthy nations to careabout the rest of the world where tenthousand people die each day from star-vation and malnutrition.

In short,Ido not want directives fromthe Church as much as direction. Idonot expect or desire either political ormilitary judgments from the Church, butrather a reminder that the teachings of

Christ are ana must be relevant to theproblems of 1968. Iam concerned thatthe silence of American Catholics andthe reluctance of the leadership of theChurch to face up to the conscienceprob-lems raised by the Vietnam tragedy arebut further indications of the trend toirrelevancy.

WE FACE the frightening considera-tion, not that Christianity might ceaseto exist, but that it cease to be rele-vant. Time magazine reflected on thistrend to Christian irrelevancy in itsissue of April 12, 1968. "Despite all theyearning for spirituality that may existin the average American church, it isquestionable how many Church-goerscan and do live up to the ideal. Thestratified irrelevance of the establishedchurch, whether Catholic or Protestant,is a major reason for the growthof ...'the underground church'— informal adhoc gatherings of Christian,who crossover and above denominational lines tocelebrate improvised eucharists in eachothers' homes and study Scripture ortheology together . . . fThere is the]danger that institutional Christianitywithout an extraordinary amount of re-form willendup as amonumental irrele-vancy."

"Time" went on to say that manyChristians look forward to an age whenthe church will survive in large partsof the world Tn a type of ddiasporaa— ascattered few, a hidden remnant. "It isconceivable that Christianity is headedtowardan era in which its status will beakin to that of the despised minoritywho proclaimed faith in the one Godagainst the idolatry of the Roman Em-pire. To be sure the Christian burdenin the future will be different than thatin the past: less to proclaim Jesus bywordthan to follow him in deed and lov-ing service. It may prove a perilouscourse, but the opportunity is great: thecourage and zeal of that first despisedminority changed the history of theworld."

GilbertKeith Chestertononce said thatChristianity hadnot been tried and foundwanting, but found hard and not tried.The moral imperatives for Christians inthe face of the problems of war andpeace are the most obvious examples ofChristianity being found hard and nottried.

Page FiveTHESPECTATOR- JOURNEYMANFriday,May17,1968

(Continued on page6)

Know Thy Enemy:

point of their success, maintaining thatthey had beaten containment, that guer-rilla war led by Communists and sup-ported by all reform groups could defeatthe West anywhere in the world, thatNato, Marshall Plan, and the whole ap-paratus of non-Communist alliances andreconstructions could be undermined byviolence.

In 1965, then, as the late Konrad Aden-auer said to an American correspondent,"Johnson had to eat the soup Kennedycooked for him." The former GermanChancellor was unfair to President Ken-nedy; he should have added Eisenhowerand Truman to the kitchen staff. TheU.S., caught in its commitments by thevery fact that they had been succeedingin their objects until they were opposedby gunfire, took over management of thewar and most of the fighting. Simplepeople, of whomevery nation has many,call such action "escalation" (unless itis the other side that does it). In fact,it was the onlycourse open to us and theonly step we had taken in 15 years thatsmacked of rational understanding ofthe situationand its options.It would be good to be able to say

that we fell into no more traps after1965. It would be equally good to saythat sin is a myth, and all lovers aretrue. The following is a partial list,without numbers.

The war, and the morale of the enemyfighting it, derived from many causes:nationalist feelings, economic despera-tion of peasantry, political ambition of

intellectuals, class antagonisms, disap-pointed hopes, aborted reforms, unkeptpromises of reform, impossible hopes ofbetterment, even the rage of grief fedby war itself. We have approached itas a problemin arms, subject to solutionby guns alone. We have repeated theerror of the French, the Saigon govern-ments, and the previous three AmericanAdministrations.

THE ENEMY has seen the war, cor-rectly, as a complexof causes which allpoint to politics: he solves it by tellingeach unhappy man the lie he wants tohear— the peasant that he will have land,the intellectual that he will have power,the worker that he will have affluence,the nationalist that he will have a mod-ern patriotic government, even the mer-chant that he can have stability and theBuddhist that he can have spiritual in-fluence (or monopoly) under a NationalLiberation Front government and ineventual unity with Hanoi. He tells allpeople that they can have peace

—but

only under the N.L F. Thus he makesWar a precondition for peace. To hisowncadres, the enemy glorifies war andjustifies violence.

We have made the war seem an aber-ration to ourselves, the Vietnamese andthe world. We have, properly, becomeashamed of ourselves for using violence.We have avoided the intervention ofSouth Vietnamese political and sociallife by which wemight have leveredSai-gon into meaningful reform. Thus wehave restricted the bulk of our work to

fighting, without promiseof abetterpost-war Vietnam. The enemy has spent hiswhole effort fighting, but has attachedspecific goals to battle. We hold thewar a consequence of politics; he holdspoliticsa function of war.

We now enter negotiations secure inthe notion that we have failed and areguilty of innocent blood, patheticallyeager that the enemy shall make peaceon honorable (or tolerable) terms andsure he must want it. Each of theseideas is wrong.

AS INALLprevious traps wehave en-tered in Vietnam, the incipient peacenegotiationsfind us balanced betweenourvision of the enemy andour politicalbal-ances at home. We are, it would seem,tired of war, bored with it, troubled byits economic consequences, and increas-ingly ashamed of our role in it. NorthVietnam, the heart of the enemy's pow-er, is untired, exhilarated, untroubledand enthusiastic.Its leaders and, throughpropaganda, its people are convincedthat they are in the presenceof a beatenenemy.How came this to pass, and whatdoes all this signify for negotiationsandfor peace?

American chagrin is its own complexstory. Everyone has his pet explana-tion. Ithink the interplay of domesticpolitics with the imperatives of policyhas much to do with it, and Ithink theAmerican news media has also. Themedia— the Tom Wickers, Eric Sevareidsand Walter Lippmanns of the world

—reflect our folk values of war and peace;war must be morally impeccable to beworth fighting, war must have the char-acter of Crusade, only angelic causesareworth defendingwith American bloodor conscience, peace must reflect a mor-al victory to be worth a war to secureit, all men, even the most vicious, re-gard peace as a norm and war as anexception and an evil, treaties are sol-emn legal obligationswhich secure peaceand areobeyedby signatories.

But the.other side does not agree toany of this. As Mao Tse-tung is quotedinhis own little red book, "People say'This suffering is really intolerable, thesituation cannot go on like this.' ButIsay on the contrary, the situation is ex-cellent." All conditions, to such men—and the leaders of Hanoi are just exactlysuch men

—are politically purposeful.

Suffering and death, and the causes ofsuffering and death, are good if theyserve the ends of revolution. Treatiesare to be observed when they tend tohelp revoltuion and ignored so far aspossible when they hinder it. Thus Hanoicalls on nationalists to aid in the fightagainst America but destroyed its ownafter the victory over the French. Thusthe Geneva accords were totally ignoredby North Vietnam while it was protest-ing the partialviolationof them by SouthVietnam.

UNTIL WE learn that theenemy viewsneither violence nor law as we viewthem, we shall continue to fall into trapsof his preparation. In the same way,until we learn the issues of politics andthe conditions which move men to actionin Asia, we shall fall into traps of cir-cumstance.

Our most serious danger now is that inan election year following a wrenchingwar experience we shall fail to realizethat a peacemadeon the cheap willcostus more prestige and security and, ulti-mately,money and blood, than a closelyargued and enforced compromise. Hav-ing played on our consciences, the ene-my will now try for our hopes. He willtry to embarrass us during negotiationsby pressing the war with his own forceswhile crying "escalation" and "badfaith" if we respond in kind. Yet if weyield to this kind of blackmail, he willtrumpet our disgrace and our abandon-ment of allies and dependents all overAsia.

We should thank our contemporaries,the active Communists of Asia, for hav-ing discovered and having tried theirbest to teach the world that rarest ofthings, a new truth: peace and the ap-proaches to peace can be a continuationof war by othermeans. The Chinese ex-pression of this revelation, "Ta-ta, tan-tan," or "Talk-and-fight," is wellenoughknown to make the idea seem likea Chi-nese Communist invention; but it is not.

Talk-and-fight is, instead, a natural,

reasonable contribution by self-taughtamateurs to the art of war. It is derivedfrom empirical observation, refined bycommon sense, applied for tactical rea-sons as a diplomatic reinforcement ofbattlefronts. The talk, i.e., negotiations,makes peace temptingly near, makesthe enemy draw farther from the obliga-tion of war, makes his further commit-ment virtually unthinkable, limits hisoptions.

The fight, in any degree of escalation,remains the option of the Communistparty, to be applied for both psycholog-ical and military reasons against boththe Americans and the Vietnamese. Thebargaining position of the Americans isto be weakened by an increasing tempoof victory which their negotiating pos-ture makes it hard for them to preventby strong fighting. An atmosphere ofpeace, an impression of Communist tri-umph, are to be created simultaneously.The enemy is to be at once humiliatedbefore others and made ashamed of him-self if he tries to prevent this happening.

NOW OUR NEWS media, especiallyour commentators and pundits, have co-operated unwittingly with theenemy firstby publicizing and then, with increasingstridency, by joining the war protestmovement in the U.S. The conscienceof this movement is exquisite, but solong as its moral standards remain irrel-evant to the enemy theywill not be deep-ly relevant to the war or its issues. Onedoes not make the tiger into a safe petby the power of positive thinkingor cat-love. Safety depends considerably onwhat is in the mind and heart of thetiger. We are already treated to the sec-ond installment of this moral appeal inthe wild optimism which has been re-ported, and encouraged, by the mediaover the start of what the enemy willbe sure to try tomake longandhumiliat-ing negotiations.

The media are joined by the politi-cians, who have been responsible forsome of the most disastrous misreadingof enemies and conditions in the historyof our foreignpolicy.It was as wrong for Mr. Truman to

have portrayed (or believed) the Sovietbloc to be a monolith in 1950 as for Mr.Eisenhower to have accusedhim of beingovergentle with it. It was as wrong forour leaders to look for goats in Moscowas to look for sheep in Hanoi. The mostdisastrous myth currently being peddledon the left is that, in some unexplainedway, the Cold War has ended. No one ofthe many Communist governments, ex-cept possibly the new one in Praguethinks any such thing. The goalfor eachof them is still the furthering of partycontrol in countries not yet possessed ofthat blessing. It is a mistake to thinkthey all obey one masterful, diaboliccommander in chief; but it is right tosuppose that they still agree in wishingour institutions and those of our friendsno good.

The American stand in Vietnam, how-ever badly begun and ineptly pursued,has achieved some substantial rewards

—the firming up of non-Communist govern-ments in South and East Asia, the en-couragement of liberals and nationalistsin those areas, the interruption of thetactic of guerrilla war. All these pro-cesses are reversible if we now

— by mis-information, misjudgment of enemies,moral discouragement, impatience, eco-nomic timidity— demand or accept thewrong kind of peace. We have blun-dered often, but we have not yet blun-dered fatally. There is still time androom for firmness and compromise—ortime to defeat ourselves.

Somehow we seem to be hung up onwhat could be called the "Munich Syn-drome." Because the Western nationsfailed to stand against the Nazis in 1938we now over-react in the opposite ex-treme. Any kindof negotiationis equatedwith surrender. Because we were foolish-ly isolationist in the '30's we again over-react by involvingourselves everywhere.In doing this we run the risk of spread-ing our military and economic resourcesso thin that we become ineffectiveor wemay bring on still another over-reactionfrom the American people— a new kindof isolationism brought on by disillu-sionment from too much world involve-ment.

We like to point with pride to the suc-cess of our tough policy in the CubanMissile Crisis of 1962 without givingmuch credit to the good sense of Khrush-chev for backing down. The lesson hereis not that toughness always works butthat the game is "nuclear chicken" andit's a dangerous one. Khrushchev paidfor his miscalculation with his politicallife but he was lucky enough not to bepurged in the oldtime way. We were alsolucky that his successors were not morehawkish and hardline. But what aboutthe next time our adversary is backedinto a corner?

FOR ALL our lip service to "change"we seem to have forgotten our own his-tory. We Americans are a product ofrevolution but there seems to be nopeoplein the twentieth century less com-fortable with revolution than ourselves.We acknowledge the revolutionary timesbut wehave a fixation with defending thestatus quo throughout the world. Pro-fessor R. L. Prosterman of the Univer-sity of Washington Law School, in a re-cently completed study for the Agencyof International Development,has calledfor land reform as central to any perma-nent stabilization in Vietnam. This isnothing new— Americans, Europeans andAsians (including Vietnamese)have beenurging this for years. But it does meanaltering the status quo.

Americans are great salesmen andspecialists in mass media but somehowwe get trapped by our own huckster-typeterminology into using meanginglessphrases and, worse still, believing them.The list is almost endless— "massive re-taliation," "brinkmanship," "liberation,"

"containment," "totalvictory," "wars ofnational liberation." The phrase "FreeWorld" has been used and misused tothe pointof ridiculousness. "Win thecoldwar" is another catch phrase— as if theRussians would suddenly raise the whiteflag and give up. Or is the end of thecold war to be accomplished by begin-ning a hot one? Sloganeeringis no substi-tute for clear policy.

We've allowed our policy to becometoo rigid and inflexible. There was atime in the '50's when "neutrality" wasregarded as a dirty word.If you weren'tfor us you were against us. Part of thereason for this is the military orientationof our foreign policy. All too often wehave allowed our military hardware todetermine our foreign policy instead ofallowing our policy to determine whathardware would be used. An exampleofthis was our "massive retaliation" and"selective response" strategies of the'50's and early '60s. Our decision tobuild an anti-ballistic missile system forthe 70'smight be anotherexample.Sure-ly if our present predicament provesanything, it is that militarypowerhas itslimits. A sledgehammermay be a power-ful tool but it's no good against a swarmof mosquitoes.

ANY CRITIC of current U.S. foreignpolicy is always, sooner or later, giventhe ultimate denouncement— "well, whatwould you do?" This is supposed to si-lence criticism. It's the" "if you're sosmart, why aren't you rich" response. Acritic is supposed to have a simple, in-stant, workableprogram ready to go

—or

else he is to shut up. The matter isn'tquite that simple. Our policy has been25 years in the making and it has provedto be stale. The first step in correctinga stale condition is to open a window andlet in some fresh air.

Some people are worried about a na-tional airing of foreign policy. They ar-gue that foreign policy shouldn't be dis-cussed openly and is best carriedon insecret. Here the distinction needs to bemade between foreign policy and diplo-macy. Our long-range aims need to behammeredout and examined for flaws.A great nation should, and must be ableto do this. If we think we'll convince therest of the world of our strength by re-fusing to look at our weaknesses, we'reonly fooling ourselves.

(Continued frompage 5)

THESPECTATOR-JOURNEYMAN Friday,May17, 1968Page Six

Another Trap Set at Peace Talks

Military No AnswerToComplexProblems

(Continued from page3)

The JourneymanVol. VI, No. 5—

a supplement to The Spectator. The opinionsexpressed herein ere not necessarily those ofThe Journeyman or Spectator staffs. Students,faculty members and administrators art in-vited to submit manuscripts of 1,000 to 3,500words on topics of contemporary significanceand interest to the University community.

Journeyman editors-Judy Young, Ron Perry

Art Work-Br. Richard Ibach

Western Sprint Championships Today and Tomorrow:

South African Leads S.U. CrewEditors note: At 10 a.m. today tin S.U. crew willrac»i tn the first heal o] the Western Sprint Cham-pionships at Seward Park. The other schools in thefirst heat arcStanford, Puget Sound and Lone Beach.

By 808 PIGOTT"Hoy Jocko!" With words like those there is one

crew inombor who lends a rare International flavor toSU's varsity rowing team.

Lindsay .Tanson Scott says he did not row the 6.000miles to Seattle from his homeInSouth Africa.Ha IftSlJtS, how-ever, on having rowed at leastthat far on Lake Washington tlwlast two years whik- pullmfc thebow oar "for the vamty eight

BORN 21 YEARS «iRO InBoks-burp, Soulh Africa, Scott be-(■mi.- known among the nativesas the "Gary Player" of suchsports as cricket, rugby, anilii;n \ in which he set ;i hi"hschool javelin record. He de-cided to forsake the South Afri-can sunshine two y*Wi afi" t0study psychnlopy at S.U. on an educational visa.

Introduced by a crew memberto attend a morning workout,Scoti found himself thrust intothe buw seatof a longslim craftthat put South Africa-, itribal canoes to shame. "It wasbloody crazy." he said inbrogue

characteristic of the inhabitantsof the former English colony."I was out of shape and totallyunfamiliar with the craft."

Now in shape at a smallish,but rugged. 5 ft. 9 and 170pounds, Scott has remainedrooted to the bow st-at of thevarsity eight ever rlnce. Howdoes he feel about the mammothcrews he will face in the West-ern sprints this weekend? "SizeIs a definite advantage," hedrawls. "However, this teambelieves in swinging togetha",and they have a lot of fight."

HIS FELLOW oarsmen mayoften have trouble decipheringthe thick dialect that urges themon from the bow There is. how-ever, onecommon languagetheyall know and respect— guts. Forhis physical enunciation of thisone-word dialect, Scott wasunanimously voted team captainby his teammates for the 198.

(in.

The team will face Its sternesttest this weekend against thetoughest crews the West Coastcan product. Scott and companyhope to fcxnres their vocabu-lary with a capital G to finishfirst.

LINDSAY SCOTT

Tennis TeamEnds Up 16-5The Chieftain tennis team

finished its regular seasoncompetition with two ensywins this week. The pair ofvictories brought the Chief-tain racqueters' record to IH-5 for the year.

Monday it was S.U. overSPC, 8-1. and yesterday theChiefs quieted Puget Sound9-0.

Soccer It to Me!There will b<- a meeUnn of

all ihf p;jsl season's soccerplayers at H:3O p.m. Monday!n Ok gym.

SPORTSMay 22 Magic DayFor Recruiting Coaches

By TERRY ZAREMBAWhen May 22 arrives the col-

lege coaclie.1;around the countrywill breathe a collective sigh "Irelief. That is the date that ttlghschool senior jind Junior collegestudent-athletes will sign thenational letter of intent. By signing this letter, the student-athlete agrees to compete Ininter-collegiate athletics only for

a designated school.S.U. BASKETBALL coach

Bucky Ruckwaltcr will be oneof the relieved coaches. "Re-cruiting is a hassle," Buckwal-ter >;aid Wednesday, "but we'vegot some pretty good boys com-ing here.'

"We're still not sure about aCOUPIe of big boys thai I surewould like to see come here."Hesaid he preferred not to men-tion any names until nfter thfactual signlngs.

THE U.W. HAS aJready re-leased the names of athleteshaving signed letters of intentwhich arc not binding national-ly, but only for the memberschools of the Great Eight Con-ference.

The U.W. basketball lettersigners did not Include many ofthr top local high school starsof this past season. It will beInteresting to see how CoachBuckwalter fared In the searchfor future Chieftain basketballplayers.COACH BUCKWALTER

A Phi O's WinGolf Tourney

Seven teams participated inthe spring quarter intramuralgolf meet held last Friday atEllenmore golf club in Tacoma.The A Phi O's won the meet bywinning all six of their matchesfor a total of 12 point*.

They were followed by theTrillos (9 points). Nads (8),Bom Losers (4), Vice Squad(4). Sixth Floor (3) and Cham-bers (2). John Rassler of theTrillos und Jack Hanover of theA Phi O's shared medalist hon-ors as they each shot a 79.

Team managers should turnin Round II tennis results bytoday Also today is the last dayto turn in rosters for the trackmeet coming up next Sunday.

Friday.May17,1968 THE SPECTATOR 7

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Bobby's Boy Visits:

Kennedy Seeks More Workers

Ross Pritchard, legislative as-sistant to Senator Robert Ken-nedy, appeared at a meeting ofthe Young Democrats Wednes-day afternoon in the Chieftainlounge to spark enthusiasm forthe up-coming Oregon primary.

Pritchard's plea, not unlikethe one issued by Mary McCar-thy last week, was to get astmny S.U. Kennedy supporters

as possible to work in Portlandthis weekend as canvassers. Heemphasized the influence thatstudents have on the voters be-cause of their ability to talk tothem on a door-to-door basis aspeople.

Pritchard also stated that stu-dents were extremely effectivein discovering, through theirface-to-face confrontation with

the voters, the real issues inwhich the peopleare interested.

The legislative assistantattrib-uted the recent Kennedy victoryin the Indiana primary to thetype of student aid which Ken-nedy supporters had admittedlycopied from the McCarthy cam-paign.

As an added incentive towould-be Kennrdy canvassers inPortland, Pritchard stated thatthe Senator would be there Fri-day night to meet with his stu-dent supporters.

KENNEDY STYLE: Ross Pritchard, legislative assistantto Sen. Robert Kennedy, talks to a meeting of V.D.'s intheChieftain.

CCD TeachersPlan Free Feed

The Confraternity for Chris-tian Doctrine committee fordeafchildren will meet tomorrow at2:30 p.m. in the library audito-rium.Guest speakers, films, anddemonstrations of techniquesand projects will be presented,and a free lunch served. KwthlRose, of Bellarmine 708, is incharge.

Mass SaidA concelebrated memorial

Mass will be said for the lateDr. Richard Hickey, profes-sor emeritus in English, at12:10 Thursday In the Chief-tain Lounge.

Mrs. Hickey is expected toattend.Thursday isAscensionThursday, a holy day ofobligation.

New Appointments SeekSunday Senate Approval

Approval of multiple appoint-ments will be discussed Sundayat the senate meeting Appoint-ments include John Petrie,homecoming chairman; PattieBrown, secretarial chairman;I.co Hindery. financial chairman

and Jake Jacobson, electionboard coordinator.

It is proposed that in the caseof such numerous appointmentsto be approved by the studentsenate, there be placed thenames of two or more appoin-tees on a single bill.

THE SPECTATORPage Eight Friday.May17. 1968

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ReminderHlyu Coolees, spring initiation

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SundayMeetingsAlpha Kappa Pal, pledges, 9

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Alpha Kappa Psi, actives, 9:30a.m.. Court of Honor, McHughhall.Tuesday

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