4ml research paper_habitat assessment_mangrove and seagrass area

A REPORT ON MANGROVE AND SEAGRASS ASSESSMENT IN 4ML STRAND,

BARANGAY SEGUIL, MAASIM, SARANGANI PROVINCE

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Marine Plants (MB115)

SEPTEMBER 28, 2009

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to thank the following person for making this study

impossible.

To Professor Alfonso B. Pading Jr., their Marine Plants (MB115) Instructor who gave

them a compact knowledge regarding to this study and for being with them during he

fieldtrip.

To Mr. Baro, for driving them safely on the field until the time they got home.

To the staff of 4ML Beach Resort, for allowing them to conduct to their study in the said

place.

To the researchers, for the cooperation and the camaraderie they shared to one

another.

To their ever supporting parents, for providing all their needs, morally and spiritually.

And above all, to our Almighty God for giving them wisdom as well as for guiding and

protecting them from harm.

Thank you very much.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

List of Figures i

List of Appendices iii

ABSTRACT iv

INTRODUCTION 1

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 3

MATERIALS AND METHODS 5

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 12

CONCLUSION 32

RECOMMENDATION 33

APPENDICES 35

LITERATURE CITED 43

THE RESEARCHERS 44

LIST OF FIGURES

Page

Figure 1 Location of 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil, Sarangani Province

Figure 2 Map of 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil, Sarangani Province

Figure 3 Map of Mangrove area in 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil, Sarangani Province

Figure 4 Map of Seagrass area in 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil, Sarangani Province

Figure 5 Mangrove Extents of 4ml Strand, Brgy. Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province

Figure 6 Fruit of Sonneratia alba

Figure 7 Flower of Sonneratia caseolaris

Figure 8 Flower of Rhizophora apiculata

Figure 9 Rhizophora mucronata

Figure 10 Graph Showing Frequency Indices Of Mangrove Species

Figure 11 Graph Showing Relative Densities Of Mangrove Species

Figure 12 Graph Showing Relative Frequency Of Mangrove Species

Figure 13 Graph Showing Relative Dominance Of Mangrove Species

Figure 14 Graph Showing Importance Value Of Mangrove Species

Figure 15 Snake

Figure 16 Fiber-strand grasses

Figure 17 Toothed seagrass

Figure 18 Round-tipped seagrass

Figure 19 Spoon-grass

i

Figure 20 Fiber-strand grass

Figure 21 Graph Showing Average Frequency Of Seagrass Species

Figure 22 Graph Showing Average % Cover Of Seagrass Species

Figure 23 Graph Showing Average Density Of Seagrass Species

ii

LIST OF APPENDICES

Page

Appendix 1 Mangrove Study Site and Laying of Transect Line

Appendix 2 Data Collection and Laying of Transect in the Seagrass bed

Appendix 3 Raw data, Physical Parameters and Location Transect line in the Transected Mangrove area of 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.

Appendix 4 Raw data, Physical Parameters and Location Transect line in Seagrass bed of 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim,Sarangani Province.

Appendix 5 Raw data, Measurements of Environmental Parameters of Mangroves in Seagrass bed of 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.

Appendix 6 Raw data, Profiling of Seagrass in Seagrass bed of 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.

Appendix 7 Raw data, Measurement of Environmental Parameters of Seagrass in 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.

iii

ABSTRACT

The Researchers, College of Fisheries, Mindanao State University, General Santos City, 2009. ”A Report on Mangrove and Sea grass Assessment In 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.”

Adviser: Prof Alfonso B. Pading Jr.

The assessment of seagrass and mangroves was conducted at 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province on September 12,2009.The objectives of this study is to record the abundant species of seagrasses and mangroves and its area condition. Also, to know the factors that affects the parameters of the said area.

The seagrass bed is sandy in shallow to muddy-granules in deep point and scattered seagrass arrangement. Results showed in Tr 1 and Tr 2 that the abundant species among five visible( Cymodocea serrulata, Cymodocea rotundata, Halophila ovalis, Halodule uninervis and Halodule pinifolia) , Cymodocea serrulata has the highest cover of 10.59%,frequently seen 54.67% ,and density 6915.Seagrass bed is in fair condition. On the area of mangroves, it possess an irregularity in shape so the transect was conducted on the extent portion of the forest (Tr. 2).The abundant species is the Rhizophora apiculata 47.22% which substratum is muddy. Although evidences appeared that it is used as firewood, the forest is still in good condition because only less than half percent of the entire forest is used.

Since the area/site was located away from the city (approx. 30 km. away from General Santos City),it is undeveloped commercially though few houses has been built in the landward area. And, there is seldom presence of gleaners that somehow doesn’t entirely affect the area.

iv

INTRODUCTION

The World ocean is a large, interconnected body of seawater separated by continents

into several ocean basins and marginal seas. This is divided into several zones wherein

different organism are present and the boundaries of these zones are defined on the

basins of physical characteristics such as water temperature, water depth, and available

light. The intertidal zone is the vertical extent of the shoreline between high and low

tides lines which is at the sea bottom, the benthic divisions where the marine plants are

abundant.

Benthic marine plants are more familiar to the seashore observers than are most

phytoplankton. These plants are more conspicuous because they are microscopic.

Multicellular organism are usually large enough to pick up and examine unlike to those

phytoplankton which are largely opposite of it, but both microscopic plants and

phytoplankton require sunlight to attain photosynthesis because both are primary

producers of the marine environment. These benthic marine plants are classified into

three: the seagrass, seaweed and mangroves. All of these are visible in intertidal and

subtidal zones of shallow areas of ocean water. Seagrass is the only group of

submerged flowering plants found in shallow-water coastal habitats. The seagrass

meadows help reduce move and current energy. Filter suspended sediments from the

water and it stabilizes bottom sediments. There are approximately 48 species of

seagrass in the world, and is divided into two families – the Hydrocharitaceae and

Potamogetonaceae. Unlike the seagrass, mangroves are divided into 26 families that

are consist of 47 true mangroves. Mangroves are a type of forest growing along the tidal

mudflats and along the shallow water coastal areas extending inland along rivers,

streams, and their tributaries where the water is brackish. This assessment on the

seagrass and mangroves that is examined at 4ML Beach located at Barangay Seguil,

Maasim, Sarangani Province will describe the community structure of a seagrass

meadow and the mangrove forest together with the associated flora and fauna present.

Physical parameters are being measured in both plants that are important to their

growth and survival including lights (turbidity, depth) sediments type, temperature,

salinity, current, and the cloud cover.

Significance of the study

The significance of the study is to make an inventory of the species ( e.g. mangroves

and

seagrass), to transect and estimate the area of the mangrove and seagrass bed, and to

know the factors that affect the parameters of the said areas.

Objective of the study

The main objective of these papers is to know the abundant species of seagrass and

mangroves in 4ML, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province. This study also

aims to know the conditions of the area whether it is excellent or poor as well as

measuring the temperature, salinity, turbidity, and the depth of it.

Scope and limitation

This study focuses mainly in specifying the abundant species of the mangroves and the

seagrass in 4ML, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani with an area of

Measuring the temperature, salinity, turbidity, and the depth of the area are also

included in this study.

2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Seagrass

Seagrass are the only group of submerged flowering plants in the marine environment.

They thrive in shallow water coastal habitats. Like the terrestrial grasses from which

they originated. They posses erect leafy shoots and creeping stems or rhizomes which

are effective for propagation. In contrast to other submerged marine plants, seagrass

flower, developed fruit, and produce seeds. They also have true roots and an internal

system for the transport of gasses and nutrients.

Seagrass, together with mangrove and coral reefs, have a center of generic richness

and diversity in Indo-West pacific. The expansive nature of seagrass system has

develop extensive faunal communication and material exchange with other habitats.

Seagrasses are closely associated with the coral and yet they cover much more area on

many fringing reefs than the corals do. Vast seagrass meadows are often found

between coral reefs and the coastal fringes that support most of the mangrove regions.

The most authoritative account on the distribution of seagrass was made by Den

Hartog.

In the Philippines, Meñez and co-workers published a comprehensive account on the

local flora, and Fortes produced the latest complete work on the taxonomy and ecology

of the Philippine seagrass, adding three new taxa to the list. With the taxa new

recorded, the country has the second highest number of seagrass species in the world.

The species of seagrass in the Philippines are variably distributed in Bolinao Bay. In the

North, Palawan and Cuyu island, and the Cebu, Bohol, Siquijor area at the center and

Zamboanga and Davao at the South. Other seagrass beds are scattered throughout the

coastal expanse of the islands.

Seagrass can grow as fast as cultivated corn, rice, hayfields or tall grass prairies even

without the benefits of fertilizers. The production rate of the tropical eelgrass in the

Philippines (1.08 g c/m²/day) is comparable to those of wheat, corn, rice hay and the

other crops. Seagrass ecosystems are one of the richest and most productive, rivaling

tropical agriculture, with a productivity apparently approaching the theoretical maximum

for natural ecosystem. (Fortes, M. D., 1990)

This submerged flowering plant contributes a lot on our economic and ecological

systems. Ecologically, seagrass beds are nurseries for many animals that make up the

oceanic food chain. It also serves as the source of food for many marine animals. The

meadows are crucial habitats for a variety of marine life. Some economic uses of

seagrass can be traditional (e.g. baskets, roof, thatch, upholstery, fertilizer), fiber

substitute in making nitrocellulose, piles for building dikes, cigars and children toys and

burned for salt, soda and warmth and contemporary (e.g. sewage filters, coastal

stabilizers, paper manufacture, source of useful chemicals, fertilizer, food and medicine

for man.)

Mangrove

Mangrove is a type of forest growing along tidal mudflats and along shallow water.

Coastal areas extending inland along the rivers, streams, and their tributaries where the

water is generally brackish.

The mangrove floras consist of 47 “true mangroves” and associating species belonging

to 26 families. True mangroves grow in mangrove environment, associated species may

grow on other habitat types such as the beach, forest and lowland areas. The mammals

(monkeys, rats, etc.), reptiles, mollusk, crustaceans, polychaetes, fishes, and insect.

Mangrove provides nursery grounds for fish, prawns, and crabs and support fisheries

productions in coastal waters. It produces leaf litter and detrital matter, which are

valuable sources of food for animals in estuaries and coastal waters.

Mangrove also protects the environment by protecting coastal areas and communities

from storm surges, waves, tidal currents, and typhoons. Mangrove produces inorganic

biomass (carbon) and reduces organic pollution in nearshore areas, and mangrove

serves as recreational grounds for bird watching and observation of other wildlife. It is

also a good source of wood and timber and nipa shingles for housing materials,

firewood and charcoal, and of poles for fish traps. Mangroves are source of tannin,

alcohol, and medicine. Aquaculture and commercial fishing also depend on mangroves

for juvenile and mature fish species. (Melana, D. M. et. al. 2000)

4

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Study Area

The field exercise was conducted in the 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil,

Sarangani Province. Date on Sept. 9 2009. It is located approximately 28 km from MSU

Campus.

About 25 minutes of a ride by a jeepney from the point of departure in Kanto Uhaw.

Upon arriving at the area, mapping was established. The transect for the seagrass bed

was laid and the measurement of the environmental parameters was conducted by

each group assigned to a specific task.

Measurement of Environmental Parameters

Measurement of environmental parameters is necessary for the analysis of some

factors that affects the dominance, frequency, density, and the distribution of each

species in the area and to understand its impact level on the growth of sea grass and

mangrove species.

The environmental parameters that have been measured are: salinity, turbidity, wind

current, velocity current, temperature, and the type of substrate. In the measuring these

parameters, the following materials were used: refractometer, secchi disc, buoy,

compass, drough and thermometer. Respectively the substrate type was analyzed

The cloud cover was also determined in terms of oktas (English et.al.1994).

Figure 1 Location of 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil, Sarangani Province

6

Figure 2 Map of 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil, Sarangani Province

Figure 3 Map of Mangrove area in 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil, Sarangani

Province

7

Figure 4 Map of Seagrass area in 4ML Beach Resort, Barangay Seguil, Sarangani

Province

8

1. Seagrass

The sea grass bed was estimated to be 1.7794 ha. Sampling was conducted using

transect-quadrat method. A 50m transect line was established and by using a two

50x50 cm quadrats w/c were technically manipulated to yield a 4 replicate-quadrats (1

sampling station). The quadrats were placed opposite (each lying half of the face of the

transect line) w/ each other started end-to-end of the transect line and w/ an interval of

10m between each sampling station. The sampling started at 07:00 am to 11:00 am.

Time is the major limiting factor in establishing another transects line. For this reason,

profiling was done for the another transect instead. A 100m (from where the transect

line was located) distance was estimated in conducting the profiling.

The sea grass was identified up to the species level using the boom and literature by

Miguel D. Fortes (1989) and Calumpong and Meñez (1996). Other associated flora

(seaweeds) and faunal species (invertebrates, fishes) were also identified.

Data Analysis

The formulas below were excerpted from the Field Methods for Assessment of Coastal

Resources.

Σ (Mi x fi)

- Coverage =

Σ f

Where: Mi = midpoint of percentage of class i

f = frequency (# of sector with the same class of dominance (i)

- Diversity = # of species in a family x100

Total # of all species

- Abundance = Total # of species A x100

Total # of all species

- Frequency = # of segment species A occur x100

9

Total of # of segments sampled

- Dominance = Abundance + frequency

- Relative Density = # of individuals of species A x100

Total # of individual for all specie

- Relative frequency = Frequency value of all species x100

Total frequency value of all species

- Relative Dominance= Total dominance value for all species A x100

Total dominance value for all species

- Importance Value = Relative frequency + Relative density + Relative dominance

2. Mangroves

An area of approximately 17,601m² comprises the mangrove forest. (3) Three transect

line was established with a random interval between each transect w/c are laid

perpendicular to the shoreline. Within the transect line, a 10x10m plot was established

at right angle of the transect. Smaller subplots (5mx5m) were also established inside

the plot to count the number of saplings and seedlings.

10

Data Analysis

The formulas below were excerpted from the Field Methods for Assessment of Coastal

Resources.

π DBH ²

- BA= (cm²)

4

- Σ BA (cm²)

- Relative density = # of individual of a species x100

Total # of individual (all specie)

- Relative frequency = Frequency of all species x100

Σ frequency of all specie

- Relative dominance = total basal area of all species x100

Basal area of all specie

s

- N = Σ Ni

i=1

Where: s = Total no. of all specie in a sample

N = Importance value of all specie

Ni = Sum of importance values for all species

11

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Data on our research in 4ml Strand, Seguil, Sarangani Province are presened below as

follows:

A. Mangrove Component

Mangroves in the 4ml Strand, Seguil, Sarangani Province has estimated area of 590 sq.

m. the substrate present in the area ws sandy-muddy. Three (3) species of mangroves

belonging to three (3) families were identified during the survey are discussed in the

following pages.

Figure 5 Mangrove Extents of 4ml Strand, Brgy. Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province

A. 1. Species Composition Of Mangroves In 4ml Strand, Seguil, Sarangani

Province

1. Sonneratia alba J. Smith

Medium – sized trees with prominent conical pneumatophores. The leaves are simple,

opposite, fleshy, simple and broadly ovate to suborbicular. Petioles and inner sides of

sepals are greenish or yellowish. The calyx is cup-shaped. This species prefers mouths

of tidal streams or on rocky or sandy-muddy soil at the seaward fringe.

Figure 6 Fruit Of Sonneratia alba

Class; Dicotelydonae

Family: Sonneratiaceae

Genus: Sonneratia

Species: alba

Common name: Firefly Mangrove

Local name: Pedada

13

2. Sonneratia caseolaris (Linnaeus) Engler

Smaller trees than Sonneratia alba. Petioles and the inner sides of sepals are reddish.

The calyx is flat. This plant occurs in the same habitat as Sonneratia alba.

Figure 7 Flower of Sonneratia caseolaris


Family: Sonneratiaceae

Genus: Sonneratia

Species: caseolaris

Common name: Firefly Mangrove

Local name: Pedada

14

3. Rhizophora apiculata Blume

These are the medium to large trees with prominent prop roots, occurring in deep soft

mud normally flooded by tides. The outer bark is ridged, dark brown on the side, red

and fibrous on the inside. The leaves are the simple, elliptic-oblong to sublanceolate,

opposite with wedge-shaped base and pointed tip. The stipules, petioles and sometimes

the midrib are purple. The flowers occur in pairs on short stout stalk.

Figure 8 Flower of Rhizophora apiculata


Family: Rhizophoraceae

Genus: Rhizophora

Species: apiculata

Local name: “Bakuan-lalake"

4.

15

5. Rhizophora mucronata Lamarck

This is differentiated R. apiculata by its mucronate-tipped leaves, yellow stipules,

petioles and sometime also the midrib, and clusters of 3-7 yellow flowers on long

slender stalks. The flowers have short styles (less than 2mm). This species occurs in

the same habitat as the other Rhizophora species.

Figure 9 Rhizophora mucronata


Family: Rhizophoraceae

Genus: Rhizophora

Species: mucronata

Local name: “Bakuan-babae"

16

A. 2. Ecological Indices of Mangrove species

Figure 10 Showing Frequency Indices Of Mangrove Species

Among the three species of mangroves present in 4ml Strand, Rhizophora apiculata is

the most frequent species with an average of 66.67. Followed by Avicennia alba with

33.33% and Sonneratia alba which are the least frequent species w/ 16.67%.

17

Figure 11 Showing Relative Densities Of Mangrove Species

In terms of Relative Density, Avicennia marina is the densest species with 47.22%

because it is the species with the most number of individuals during the survey.

Followed next by Rhizophora apiculata with 4.67%. Sonneratia alba is the least dense

since it is the species with the lowest number of individuals counted during the survey.

18

Figure 12 Showing Relative Frequency Of Mangrove Species

In terms of Relative Frequency, rhizophora apiculata has the highest average 5.14%

since it is the most frequent species found in the area. Followed next by Avicennia

marina with 28.57% and Ssonneratia alba with 14.29% since it is the leaast frequent

species found in the area.

19

Figure 13 Showing Relative Dominance Of Mangrove Species

In terms of Relative Dominance, Avicennia marina is the most dominant species with

58.80% since it has the highest value of basal area. Next is the Rhizophora apiculata

with 38.20%. the least dominant is Sonneratia alba with 2.99% since it has the lowest

basal area.

20

Figure 14 Showing Importance Value Of Mangrove Species

In terms of Importance Value, Rhizophora apiculata has the highest value of 137.01

followed next by avicennia marina with 134.59 while Sonneratia alba which only have

28.39

21

A. 3. Associated Fauna

Figure 15 Snake

22

B. Seagrass Components

Seagrass in 4ml 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province has an

estimated area of and patches were also found all around the area. The average

temperature in the area is 28.5°C during high tide. The subtrate pressent in the area

was sandy- granules-pebbles. Same species are found outside the transect line.

23

B. 1. Species Composition Of Seagrass in 4ml Strand, Seguil, Sarangani Province

1. Cymodocea rotundata Ehrenberg and Hemprich, ex Ascheron

Plants are most common at the lowest low water mark. It seems to occur commonly on

shallow water on sand-mud, but is abundant on extensive mud flats in sheltelred areas.

It grows in estuaries of small rivers, in pools on coral reefs and creeks running through

mangrove swamps.

Figure 16 Round-tipped seagrass

Division: Anthophyta

Class: Monocotyledoneae

Order: Helobiae

Family: Potamogetonaceae

Genus: Cymodocea

Species: rotundata

Local name: Lusay

24

2. Cymodocea serrulata (R. Brown) Ascherson and Magnus

Plants occur from the lower intertidal to the upper tidal sandy and muddy substrates in

sheltered bay on coral platforms and high energy locations. Plant may occur in the

creeks and in mangroves swamps.

Figure 17 Toothed seagrass



Order: Helobiae


Genus: Cymodocea

Species:serrulata

Local name: Lusay

25

3. Halodule uninervis (Forskal) Ascheron

Plants occur in the lower intertidal to upper subtidal on sandy and muddy substrate in

sheltered bays, on coral platforms, and in high energy locations, plants may ccur in

creeks and mangrove swamps.




Order: Helobiae


Genus: Halodule

Species: uninervis

Local name: Lusay

26

4. Halodule pinifolia (Miki) den Hartog

Plants occur in the lower intertidal to upper subtidal on sandy and muddy substrate in

sheltered bays, on coral platforms, and in high energy locations, plants may ccur in

creeks and mangrove swamps. They are recognizable by their very narrow (not more

than 1.5 mm wide), linear leaves and conspicuous Y-shaped midrib at the tip.




Order: Helobiae


Genus: Halodule

Species: pinifolia

Local name: Lusay

27

5. Halophila ovalis (R. Brown) Hooker f.

Species is extremely euruybiontic, extending from the intertidal level to 10-12m

deep. Plants grow on coarse coral rubble to soft mud. The species is the most

euthermic of all seagrasses, occurring from the tropics to the warm temperature.

Figure 20 Spoon-grass



Order: Helobiae

Family: Hydrocaritaceae

Genus: Halophila

Species: ovalis

Local name:Lusay

28

B.2 Ecological Indices of Seagrass Species

Figure 21 Showing Average Frequency Of Seagrass Species

According to te data gathered, it ppears that Cymodocea serrulatais the most frequent

species with an average of 54.67% since the area is muddy coral sand-substrates

which favors the growth of this species. Followed by halodule uninervis with 19.00%

while Halophila pinifolia is the least frequent species with 1.67% since this species

prefers on exposed sandy and muddy substrates.

29

Figure 22 Showing Average % Cover Of Seagrass Species

In terms of Average Percentage Cover, Cymodocea serrulata has the highest

percentage cover of 10.59% since the substrate present in the area favors its growth.

Followed by cCymodocea rotundata 5.47%, while halodule pinifolia has the least

perccent cover with 0.72%.

30

Figure 23 Showing Average Density Of Seagrass Species

In terms of Average Density, Cymodocea surralata gained the highest shoots/sq.

meterof 6915 since it has the highest coverage in the area, followed by Halodule

uninervis with 1300, while Halodule pinifolia has the least density of 60 shoots/sq.meter.

31

CONCLUSION

The site of the assessment of the seagrasses and mangroves is located at 4ML Strand,

Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.

The seagrass bed is sandy in shallow to muddy-granules into deep point. Its bed

signifies a fair condition because of the scattered bed arrangement and only few

presence of flora and fauna like algae and invertebrates (i.e. sponges and brittle

star).Among five visible species of seagrasses, only Cymodocea serrulata is the most

abundant 54.67% while on the mangrove forest, the substratum is muddy and it is

marked in good condition though evidences appeared that it is used as firewood but

only less than half percent of the entire forest is used. Also, among the Avicennia

marina, Sonneratia alba, and Rhizophora apiculata present, only the Rhizophora

apiculata is more abundant 66.67%.

The salinity of the seawater ranges from 36ppt to 11ppt because of the river presence

beside which causes the changes of the seawater salinity in two transects. Also, the

turbidity of the water altered from being turbid in the morning and less in the afternoon.

In connection to this, the sea bed possess a different structure in two transects. In Tr 1

depths ranges from 87cm,95cm,99cm,102.5cm,104cm,and102cm (S1 to S6

respectively) and in Tr 2 58cm,61cm,63cm,63cm,65cm,and 64cm (S1 to S6

respectively).The current of the two transects also differ 0.06m/s and0.037m/s (Tr 1 and

Tr 2,respectively).

RECOMMENDATION

The researchers make the following recommendations to improve 4ML Strand in Seguil

Sarangani Province.

1) 4ML Strand should be a Marine Protected Area (MPA) because of its diversity

in terms of the mangrove forest and the seagrass bed. It should be protected

because during the survey many people are swimming in the beach where

the seagrass located.

2) 4ML should have a proper waste management with the cooperation of he

people inhabiting the area because during the survey the researcher had

seen no garbage bin and there are wastes such as plastics in the

management area.

APPENDICES

Appendix 1: Mangrove Study Site and Laying of Transect Line

Mangrove Study Site

Laying of Transect Line

35

Appendix 2: Data Collection and Laying of Transect in the Seagrass bed

Data Collection

Laying of Transect

36

Appendix 3: Raw data, Physical Parameters and Location Transect line in the

Transected Mangrove area of 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil,

Maasim, Sarangani Province.

Species frequency Relative Relative Relative Importance

Present (%) Density

Frequenc

y

Dominanc

e value

Avicennia 33.33% 47.22% 28.57% 58.80% 134.59%

marina

Rhizophora 66.67% 41.67% 57.14% 38.20% 137.01%

apiculata

Sonneratia 16.67% 11.11% 14.29% 2.99% 28.39%

alba

Parameters conditions

Temperatur

e 25ºC

Substrate

Sandy-

muddy

Cloud cover 8 Oktas

Transect Location

1

N 5°56’41`.29”

E 125°25’48.23”

2

3

37

Appendix 4: Raw data, Physical Parameters and Location Transect line in

Seagrass bed of 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani

Province.

Species present frequency % % cover Density

Cymodocea rotundata 54.67 10.59 6951

Cymodocea serrulata 19 2.31 1300

Halodule pinifolia 15.83 5.47 1225

Halodule uninervis 8.5 0.82 390

Halodule ovalis 1.67 0.72 60

Parameters Conditions

Temperature

shallow point 23ºC

deep point 27ºC

substrate Fine sand-granules

cloud cover 7 Oktas

Transect Location

1

N 5°56’43.86”

E 125°05’49.81”

2

N 5°56’44.43”

E 125°05’50.17”

38

Appendix 5: Raw data, Measurements of Environmental Parameters of Mangroves in Seagrass bed of 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.

Time Start: 1255 Time End: 1430

T1 T2 T3

Temperature 25oC 25oC 25oC

Salinity 29.5 ppt-d=1.023 33 ppt-d=1.024 30 ppt-d=1.023

Turbidity 0.51 m 0.40 m 0.22 m

Depth 51 cm 40 cm 22 cm

Velocity Current 0.37 m/s 0.22 m/s 0.11 m/s

Wind Current NE NNE NNE

Wind Force

TIME:12552-smooth-gentle

breeze

TIME:13202-smooth-gentle

breeze

TIME:14003-slight-moderate

breeze

Cloud Cover 8 oktas 8 oktas 8 oktas

Substrate Fine sand Fine sand Muddy

39

Appendix 6: Raw data, Profiling of Seagrass in Seagrass bed of 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.

Time:12:23

Site2

Species Present Associated flora/fauna obsereved

S1

Cymodocea serrulata algaeHalodule uninervis sponges

crustaceans

S2

Cymodocea rotundata algaeCymodocea serrulata SpongesHalophila ovalis Sea urchinHalodule uninervis

S3 Cymodocea serrulata algaesponges

S4

Cymodocea rotundata algaeCymodocea serrulata spongesHalophila ovalis

S5

Halophila ovalis algaeBrittle starfishes

S6

Seldom seagrasses found (rare) Substrate (pebbles)

Dead corals

Dead spongesBrittle starfishes

40

Appendix 7: Raw data, Measurement of Environmental Parameters of Seagrass in 4ML Strand, Barangay Seguil, Maasim, Sarangani Province.

Location: Sarangani BayArea: 4ml Beach Resort, Tinoto, SaranganiSite: Transect AreaStation: Interval per QuadratDate: 09/12/09Time: 0716-1430

Site 1

Time start: 0716Time end: 1145

TemperatureShallow point – 23 OCDeep point – 27 OC

SalinityShallow point – 36 ppt – d=1.026Deep point – 24 ppt. – d=1.025

TurbidityShallow point – 0.87mDeep mpoint – 1 m

DepthS1 = 87cmS2 = 95cmS3 = 99cmS4 = 102.5cmS5 = 104 cmS6 = 102cm

Velocity CurrentShallow point – 0.06 m/sDeep point – 0.074 m/s

Wind CurrentSouth East

Site 2

Time start: 0716Time end: 1145

TemperatureShallow point – 24 OCDeep point – 28 OC

SalinityShallow point – 11 ppt – d=1.007Deep point – 18ppt. – d = 1.013

TurbidityShallow point – 0.58mDeep mpoint – 1.16m

DepthS1 = 58cmS2 =61cmS3 = 63cmS4 = 63cmS5 =65cmS6 = 64cm

Velocity CurrentShallow point – 0.037m/sDeep point – 0.062m/s

41

Wind CurrentNorth

42

Wind Force

Sea state Wind Time2 Smooth Gentle

breeze0820

1 Calm Light 09102 Smooth Gentle

breeze1015

Cloud Cover7 oktas

Wind Force

Sea state Wind Time2 Smooth Gentle

breeze1115

Cloud Cover8 Oktas

SubstrateShallow point – fine sandDeep point – Granules/pebbles

Substrate Shallow point – fine sand Deep point – granules

LITERATURE CITED

Calumpong, Hilconida P., Menez, Ernani G. Field Guide to the Common Mangroves, Seagrasses and Algae to the Philippines. Makati City: Bookmark, Inc. 1996

English, S.; C. Wilkinson and V. Baker. 1951. Survey Manual for Tropical Marine Resources. ASEAN-Australia Marine Science Project: Living Coastal Resources.

Fortes, M.D. Seagrasses: A Resource Unknown in the ASEAN region. ICLARM Education Series 5, 46 p. International Center for Living Aquatic resources Management, Manila, Philippines. 1990

G.J. Cabinta. Biological Resources Assessment of the Marine Protected Area in Barangay Kawas, Alabel, Sarangani Province, March 2007, p.120

Melana, D.M. et. al., 200 Mangrove management Handbook. Department of Environment and Natural Resources. Manila, Philippines. Through The Coastal Resource Management Project, Cebu City Philippines. 96p. Chap 1 pg.1-6

Trono, Gavino C. Jr. 1986. Guide to the Philippines Flora and Fauna: Seaweeds. Natural Resources Management Center to the Ministry of Natural Resources and University of the Philippines.

THE RESEARCHERS

(Above-right to left: Sir Dong, Ulysses, Kem, Hazel, Gleddy, Krizel, Riyel, David, Jesrel, Jecie, Ferly, Jully and Gina; Below-right to left: Lara, Jebss and Claire) (Not able to join the picture taking: Melody, Jennifer and Gretchen)

The researchers with Sir Dong reviewing the topic on how to transect the mangrove

areas after a short lunchbreak.

Third Year BS MARINE BIOLOGY Students :

1. Balquin, Mary Krizel B.

2. Baro, Gina R.

3. Bermudez, Melody S.

4. Branairos, Riyel

5. Cabili, Lenne Ruth Kemberly M.

6. Carisma, Hesed Jebss M.

7. David Peterson

8. De-ala, Ferly Queen R.

9. Duran, Mation Lara T.

10.Mahium, Jennifer R.

11.Ortega, Hazel Grace J.

12.Pantaeon, Jesrel C.

13.Repospolo, Gretchen D.

14.Rosima, Jecie D.

15.Seguisabal, Jully Vie C.

16.Teleron, Rosemarie Claire

Fourth Year BS MARINE BIOLOGY Students:

1. Laruya, Ulysses

2. Latasan, Gleddy R.

4ml research paper_habitat assessment_mangrove and seagrass area

Documents