4.files.edl.io file · web viewphobe at the end of a word means “one who fears or dislikes

McCloud, Eng 2 Honors, PVPHSGreek Roots – all materials from Verenkoff

GREEK ROOTS: PART IA, AN: not, without, lacking

▪ abyss [uh-bis] (n) — an immeasurable depth (means in Greek without bottom)▪ amnesia [am-nee-zhuh] (n) — a loss of memory ▪ anecdote [an-ik-doht] (n) — a short, interesting or amusing story about a particular person

or event▪ anemia [uh-nee-mee-uh] (n) — a shortage of red blood cells, causing weakness and

paleness▪ anesthetic [an-uhs-thet-ik](n) — something that causes a loss of feeling, especially the

feeling of pain ▪ anomaly [uh-nom-uh-lee] (n) — something that is different from what is normal; an

irregularity ▪ apathy [ap-uh-thee](n) — a lack of interest, feeling, or energy (from Greek pathos,

"feeling"); (adj) apathetic▪ asymmetrical [ey-suh-me-trik, as-uh-](adj) — irregular; lacking in symmetry or balance

PHOBIA: fear, dislike, aversion▪ acrophobia [ak-ruh-foh-bee-uh] (n) — fear of height▪ agoraphobia [ag-er-uh-foh-bee-uh] (n) — fear of open spaces▪ anglophobia [ang-gluh-foh-bee-uh] (n) — dislike of England or the English▪ claustrophobia [klaw-struh-foh-bee-uh] (n) — fear of enclosed or narrow spaces▪ monophobia [mon-uh-foh-bee-uh] (n) — fear of being alone▪ photophobia [foh-tuh-foh-bee-uh] (n) — morbid aversion to light▪ xenophobia [zen-uh-foh-bee-uh, zee-nuh-] (n) — aversion to foreigners▪ hydrophobia [hahy-druh-foh-bee-uh] (n) — fear of water

PHOBE at the end of a word means “one who fears or dislikes”▪ Anglophobe [ang-gluh-fohb] (n) — one who dislikes England or the English▪ Francophobe [frang-kuh-fohb] (n) — one who dislikes France or the French▪ Russophobe [ruhs-uh-fohb] (n) — one who dislikes Russia or the Russians▪ Germanophobe [jer-man-uh-fohb] (n) — one who dislikes Germany of the Germans

PHIL: loving, fond of▪ philanthropist [fi-lan-thruh-pist] (n) — lover of humanity; person active in promoting

human welfare; ANTONYM: misanthrope▪ philanthropy [fi-lan-thruh-pee] (n) — love of humanity, especially as shown in donations

to charitable and socially useful causes; ANTONYM: misanthropy▪ philharmonic [fil-hahr-mon-ik, fil-er-] (n) — pertaining to a musical organization, such as

a symphony orchestra (originally, "loving music")▪ philhellenism [fil-hel-uh-niz-uh m] (n) — support of Greece or the Greeks▪ philately [fi-lat-l-ee] (n) — collection and study of stamps▪ philogyny [fi-loj-uh-nee] (n) — love of women; ANTONYM: misogyny▪ philology [fi-lol-uh-jee] (n) — study of (love) of language and literature; ANTONYM:

misology▪ philosopher [fi-los-uh-fer] (n) — lover of, or searcher for, wisdom of knowledge; person

who regulates his or her life by the light of reason

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PHILE at the end of a word means “one who loves or supports”▪ Anglophile [ang-gluh-fahyl, -fil] (n) — lover or supporter of England or the English▪ bibliophile [bib-lee-uh-fahyl, -fil] (n) — lover of books▪ Francophile [frang-kuh-fahyl] (n) — supporter of France or the French

MIS: hate (MIS means the opposite of PHIl)▪ misandry [mis-an-dree] (n) — hatred of males ▪ misanthropy [mis-an-thruh-pee, miz-] (n) — hatred of humanity; ANTONYM:

philanthropy▪ misanthrope [mis-uh n-throhp, miz-] (n) — hater of humanity; ANTONYM:

philanthropist▪ misogamy [mi-sog-uh-mee] (n) — hatred of marriage▪ misogyny [mi-soj-uh-nee] (n) — hatred of women; ANTONYM: philogyny▪ misology [mi-sol-uh-jee] (n) — hatred of argument or discussion; ANTONYM: philology

DYS: bad, ill, difficult▪ dysentery [dis-uh n-ter-ee] (n) — inflammation of the large intestine▪ dysfunction [dis-fuhngk-shuh n] (n) — abnormal functioning as of an organ of the body▪ dyslexia [dis-lek-see-uh] (n) — impairment of the ability to read▪ dyspepsia [dis-pep-shuh, -see-uh] (n) — indigestion; ANTONYM: eupepsia▪ dysphasia [dis-fey-zhuh, -zhee-uh, -zee-uh] (n) — speech difficulty resulting from brain

injury▪ dystrophy [dis-truh-fee] (n) — faulty nutrition▪ dystopia [dis-toh-pee-uh] (n) — an imperfect society; Animal Farm; utopia gone wrong;

ANTONYM: utopia

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GREEK ROOTS WORD STUDY: PART IPart I — A, AN: without, not, lackingA. Fill in each blank with a word from the A,AN word list.

1. A flightless bird is an ___________________.2. I've been forgetting so many names recently that I think I must have ___________________.3. Ted is a great storyteller; he can make an amusing __________________ out of anything that

happens to him.4. Alice in Wonderland fell through the keyhole into an _____________________.5. The cheerleaders are trying hard to combat the _____________________ of our student

body.

B. Write the letter of the correct definition for each word. Circle the prefix.

____ analgesic (from algesia, "sense of pain") A. lack of established government____ anarchy (from arkhos, "ruler") B. a wasting away____ apodal (from ped, "foot") C. having no interest in politics____ apolitical (from politikos, "of a citizen") D. a medication that reduces pain____ atrophy (from trophe, "nourishment") E. having no limbs or feet

Part II — PHIL, PHILE: loving, fond ofComplete each sentence by entering the most appropriate word from the PHIL, PHILE group.

1. Socrates, the great Athenian _____________________, devoted his life to seeking truth and exposing error.

2. The __________________ was proud of his fine collection of beautifully bound volumes.3. Do you collect stamps? I, too, was once interested in __________________.4. An _______________________ was known as a Tory at the time of the American

Revolution.5. In her will the ________________________ bequeathed more than a million dollars to

charity.

Part III — MIS: hateComplete each sentence by entering the most appropriate word from the MIS group.

1. Many employers used to hire men only, not because of __________________, but from an unfounded supposition that men could do the work better.

2. When Gulliver returned from his travels, he could not endure the sight of fellow humans; he had become a __________________.

3. Surprisingly, the first of the fraternity members to marry was the one who had been the loudest advocate of ___________________.

4. Isabel likes to discuss, argue, and debate; she cannot be accused of ___________________

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GREEK ROOTS: PART II

EU: good, well, advantageous (opposite of DYS)▪ eugenics [yoo-jen-iks] (n) — science dealing with improving the hereditary qualities of

humans▪ eulogize [yoo-luh-jahyz] (v) — write or speak in praise of someone▪ eulogy [yoo-luh-jee] (n) — speech or writing praising a person or thing▪ eupepsia [yoo-pep-shuh, -see-uh] (n) — good digestion; ANTONYM: dyspepsia▪ euphemism [yoo-fuh-miz-uh m] (n) — a substitution of a "good" expression for an

unpleasant one. Ex: “passed away” for died.▪ euphonious [yoo-foh-nee-uh s] (adj) — pleasing in sound; ANTONYM: cacophonous --

harsh sounding▪ euphoria [yoo-fawr-ee-uh, -fohr-] (n) — sense of well-being▪ euthanasia [yoo-thuh-ney-zhuh] (n) — illegal practice of painlessly putting to death a

person suffering from an incurable, painfully distressing disease (literally "advantageous death")

MACRO: large, long (opposite of MICRO)▪ macrocosm [mak-ruh-koz-uh m] (n) — great world; universe; ANTONYM: microcosm▪ macron [mey-kron, mak-ron] (n) — horizontal mark indicating that the vowel over which

it is placed is long▪ macroscopic [mak-ruh-skop-ik] (adj) — large enough to be visible to the naked eye;

ANTONYM: microscopic

MICRO: small (opposite of MACRO)▪ microbe [mahy-krohb] (n) — very minute organism; a microorganism▪ microcosm [mahy-kruh-koz-uh m] (n) — little world; a world in miniature; ANTONYM:

macrocosm. EPCOT is a microcosm.▪ microdont [mahy-kruh-dont] (adj) — having small teeth▪ micrometer [mahy-krom-i-ter] (n) — instrument for measuring very short distances▪ microfilm [mahy-kruh-film] (n) — a film of very small size▪ microscopic [mahy-kruh-skop-ik] (adj) — invisible to the naked eye; ANTONYM:

macroscopic▪ microsecond [mahy-kruh-sek-uh nd] (n) — unit of time equal to one millionth of a

second▪ microwave [mahy-kroh-weyv] (n) — very short electromagnetic wave

MONO (MON): one, single, alone (opposite of POLY)▪ monarchy [mon-er-kee] (n) — rule by a single person; ANTONYM: polyarchy▪ monochromatic [mon-uh-kroh-mat-ik, -oh-kruh-] (adj) — of one color; ANTONYM:

polychromatic▪ monogamy [muh-nog-uh-mee] (n) — marriage with one mate at a time; ANTONYM:

polygamy; (adj) monogamous▪ monomorphic [mon-uh-mawr-fik] (adj) — having a single form; ANTONYM:

polymorphic▪ monosyllabic [mon-uh-si-lab-ik] (adj) — having one syllable; ANTONYM: polysyllabic▪ monotheism [mon-uh-thee-iz-uh m] (n) — belief that there is one God; ANTONYM:

polytheism; atheism = belief that there is no God of 29


▪ monocle [mon-uh-kuh l] (n) — eyeglass for one eye ▪ monogram [mon-uh-gram] (n) — two or more letters interwoven to represent a name▪ monolith [mon-uh-lith] (n) — single stone of large size▪ monologue [mon-uh-lawg, -log] (n) — long speech by one person in a group▪ monomania [mon-uh-mey-nee-uh, -meyn-yuh] (n) — derangement of mind on one

subject only▪ monotonous [muh-not-n-uh s] (adj) — continuing in an unchanging tone; wearying

POLY: many (opposite of MONO)▪ polyarchy [pol-ee-ahr-kee] (n) — rule by many; ANTONYM: monarchy▪ polychromatic [pol-ee-kroh-mat-ik, -kruh-] (adj) — showing a variety of colors;

ANTONYM: monochromatic▪ polygamy [puh-lig-uh-mee] (n) — marriage to several mates at the same time;

ANTONYM: monogamy▪ polymorphic [pol-ee-mawrf] (adj) — having various forms; ANTONYM: monomorphic▪ polysyllabic [pol-ee-si-lab-ik] (adj) — having more than three syllables; ANTONYM:

monosyllabic▪ polytheism [pol-ee-thee-iz-uh m, pol-ee-thee-iz-uh m] (n) — belief that there is a

plurality of gods; ANTONYM: monotheism▪ polyglot [pol-ee-glot] (adj) — speaking several languages; (n) a person who speaks several

languages▪ polygon [pol-ee-gon] (n) — closed plane figure having, literally "many angles" (and,

therefore, many sides)▪ polyphonic [pol-ee-fon-ik] (adj) — having many sounds or voices▪ polytechnic [pol-ee-tek-nik] (adj) — dealing with many arts or sciences

ANTHROP: human▪ anthropoid [an-thruh-poid] (adj) — of or resembling a human being (an anthropoid ape)

▪ anthropology [an-thruh-pol-uh-jee] (n) — the study of human beings and the customs and characteristics of human societies (LOGY = “the study of”)

▪ anthropometry [an-thruh-pom-i-tree] (n) — the science dealing with the measurements of the human body to determine differences in individuals or groups

▪ anthropomorphic [an-thruh-puh-mawr-fik] (adj) — attributing something that is nonhuman with human characteristics, especially a diety (MORPH =“ shape, form”); In the following sentence, the sky and earth possess anthropomorphic qualities: Sky kissed Earth, and she hugged him back.

▪anthropophagi [an-thruh-pof-uh-jahy, -gahy] (n) — man-eaters; cannibals (from Greek phagein, “to eat”)

▪ misanthrope [mis-uh n-throhp, miz-] (n) — hater of humanity; ANTONYM: philanthropist

▪ philanthropy [fi-lan-thruh-pee] (n) — a love of humanity, especially as show by acts of goodness of kindness (PHIL = to love); ANTONYM: misanthropy

THERM: heat▪ thermal [thur-muh l] (adj) — of or relating to heat or temperature (thermal blanket)▪ thermometer [ther-mom-i-ter] (n) — an instrument used to measure temperature▪ thermonuclear [thur-moh-noo-klee-er] (adj) — of a nuclear reaction that occurs only at

high temperatures, such as nuclear fusion

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▪ thermos [thur-muh s] (n) — a double-walled container with a vacuum between, used to keep substances at a constant temperature

▪ thermostat [thur-muh-stat] (n) — a device used to control temperature

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GREEK ROOTS WORD STUDY: PART II

Part I — EU: good, well, advantageousComplete each sentence by entering the most appropriate word from the EU word group.

1. The audience liked the organist's ___________________ melodies.2. Before conferring the award, the presiding officer will probably _________________ the

recipient.3. The employee formerly called a "janitor" is now known by a __________________ such as

"superintendent" or "custodian."4. In the eyes of the law, anyone who commits _______________, regardless of the circumstances, is a murderer.5. The _________________ I felt when my teacher complimented my work this morning stayed

with me for the rest of the day.

Part II — MACRO (large, long) and MICRO (small)Complete each sentence by entering the most appropriate word from the MACRO and MICRO word groupS.

1. Documents can be recorded in a minimum of space if photographed on __________________.2. Space exploration has made us more aware of the vastness of the __________________.3. A __________________ enables us to measure very minute distances that cannot be

measured accurately with a ruler.4. An ant is visible to the naked eye, but an amoeba is ____________________.5. By means of a ______________, we are informed that the "e" in "elated" is a long vowel.

Part III — MONO, MON (one, single, alone) and POLY (many)Complete each sentence by entering the most appropriate word from the MONO and POLY word groups.

1. Books for beginning readers should contain relatively few ________________________ words.

2. The Greeks practiced _________________, for they worshipped many gods.3. A relative gave me some handkerchiefs embroidered with my own __________________.4. A discussion in which Janet takes part is usually a ______________; she doesn't give anyone

else a chance to speak.5. So intense was Ahab's desire for revenge on Moby Dick, the white whale, that it amounted to

a _________________.6. Our ________________ neighbor speaks French, German, Russian, and English.7. A _________________ institute offers instruction in many applied sciences and technical

arts.8. George longed for a change because he found the work _______________.9. The 555-foot Washington Monument dominates the skyline of our nation's capital like a

huge ________________.

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Part IV — Enter the word that is the antonym (word opposite) of each word defined below.HINTS: MACRO, MICRO, EU, MONO, POLY, DYS

1. eupepsia (good digestion) _________________2. monotheistic (believing there is but one God)_________________3. polychromatic (showing a variety of colors) ___________________4. polygamous (married to several mates at the same time) _________________5. microscopic (invisible to the naked eye) ____________________6. polyarchy (rule by many) __________________7. monosyllabic (having but one syllable) __________________8. macrocosm (the great world; universe) ____________________9. polymorphic (having various forms) _________________

Antonym Review from Greek Vocabulary Lists I and II:HINTS: A, PHILE, PHOBE, MIS, PHOBIA, DYS, PHIL

10. theism (belief in God) _____________________11. Russophile (supporter of Russia) ______________________12. typical (conforming to a type) ______________________________ 13. Anglophobe (one who dislikes England) ________________________14. philanthropist (lover of humanity) _____________________15. Francophobe (one who dislikes France) ___________________16. euphonious (pleasing in sound) ____________________17. misogyny (hatred of women) ___________________18. philology (love of language and literature) _____________________

Part V — ANTHROP: humanFill in each blank with a word from the word list.

1. Mickey Mouse, a talking and walking mouse, is an _________________________ cartoon character.

2. The Girl Scout troop’s collection of food for needy families was an act of _______________.3. Scrooge, the mean employer in A Christmas Carol, is a _________________________.4. If you were interested in the culture and customs of Indians in the Southwest, you might

study _______________________________.5. Chimpanzees are ___________________________ animals.6. One part of ________________________ is comparing the average heights of different

groups of peoplearound the world.

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GREEK ROOTS: PART III

LOGY: science, study, account▪ anthropology [an-thruh-pol-uh-jee] (n) — science of dealing with the origin, races,

customs, and beliefs of humankind▪ archeology [ahr-kee-ol-uh-jee] (n) — the study of the life and culture of ancient people▪ biology [bahy-ol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the study of living organisms▪ cardiology [kahr-dee-ol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the action and diseases of the

heart▪ criminology [krim-uh-nol-uh-jee] (n) — scientific study of crimes and criminals▪ dermatology [dur-muh-tol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the skin and its diseases▪ ecology [ih-kol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the relation of living things to their

environment and to each other▪ genealogy [jee-nee-ol-uh-jee, -al] (n) — account of the descent of a person or family from

an ancestor▪ geology [ jee-ol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the earth’s history as recorded in rocks▪ meteorology [mee-tee-uh-rol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the atmosphere and

weather▪ morphology [mawr-fol-uh-jee] (n) — scientific study of the forms and structures of plants

and animals▪ mythology [mi-thol-uh-jee] (n) — account or study of myths▪ necrology [nuh-krol-uh-jee, ne-] (n) — register of persons who have died▪ neurology [noo-rol-uh-jee] (n) — scientific study of the nervous system and its diseases▪ paleontology [pey-lee-uh n-tol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with life in the remote past

as recorded in fossils▪ pathology [puh-thol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the nature and causes of disease▪ petrology [pi-trol-uh-jee] (n) — scientific study of rocks▪ physiology [fiz-ee-ol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the functions of living things or

their organs▪ psychology [sahy-kol-uh-jee] (n) — science of the mind▪ seismology [sahyz-mol-uh-jee] (n) — the study of earthquakes▪ sociology [soh-see-ol-uh-jee, soh-shee-] (n) — study of the evolution, development, and

functioning of human society▪ technology [tek-nol-uh-jee] (n) — industrial science▪ theology [thee-ol-uh-jee] (n) — study of religion and religious ideas

BIO: life▪ abiogenesis [ey-bahy-oh-jen-uh-sis, ab-ee-oh-] (n) — spontaneous generation

(development of life from lifeless matter); ANTONYM: biogenesis▪ amphibious [am-fib-ee-uh s] (adj) — able to live both on land and in water▪ antibiotic [an-ti-bahy-ot-ik] (n) — antibacterial substance produced by a living organism▪ biochemistry [bahy-oh-kem-uh-stree] (n) — chemistry dealing with chemical

compounds and processes in living plants and animals▪ biogenesis [bahy-oh-jen-uh-sis] (n) — development of life from preexisting life;

ANTONYM: abiogenesis▪ biography [bahy-og-ruh-fee] (n) — story of a person’s life written by another person▪ biology [bahy-ol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the study of living organisms

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▪ biopsy [bahy-op-see] (n) — diagnostic examination of a piece of tissue from the living body

▪ biosphere [bahy-uh-sfeer] (n) — the part of the earth, from its crust out into the atmosphere, where living organisms are found

▪biota [bahy-oh-tuh] (n) — the living plants (flora) and living animals (fauna) of a region; biotic [bahy-ot-ik] (adj)

▪ symbiosis [sim-bee-oh-sis] (n) — the living together of two types of organisms for their mutual benefit

TOMY (TOM): cutting, operation of incision▪ anatomy [uh-nat-uh-mee] (n) — dissection of plants or animals for the purpose of

studying their structure; structure of a plant or animal▪ appendectomy [ap-uh n-dek-tuh-mee] (n) — surgical removal of the appendix▪ atom [at-uh m] (n) — smallest particle of an element (literally “not cut,” or “indivisible”)▪ dichotomy [dahy-kot-uh-mee] (n) — cutting or division into two; division▪ gastrectomy [ga-strek-tuh-mee] (n) — surgical removal of part or all of the stomach▪ lobotomy [luh-bot-uh-mee, loh-] (n) — brain surgery for treatment of certain mental

disorders▪ phlebotomy [fluh-bot-uh-mee] (n) — opening of a vein to diminish the blood supply▪ tonsillectomy [ton-suh-lek-tuh-mee] (n) — surgical removal of the tonsils▪ tracheotomy [trey-kee-ot-uh-mee] (n) — surgical operation of cutting into the trachea

(windpipe)

HOMO: one and the same, like (opposite of HETERO)▪ homochromatic [hoh-muh-kroh-mat-ik] (adj) — having the same color; ANTONYM:

heterochromatic▪ homogeneous [hoh-muh-jee-nee-uh s] (adj) — of the same kind; similar; ANTONYM:

heterogeneous▪ homology [huh-mol-uh-jee, hoh-] (n) — fundamental similarity of structure; ANTONYM:

heterology▪ homomorphic [hoh-muh-mawr-fik, hom-uh-] (adj) — exhibiting similarity of form;

ANTONYM: heteromorphic▪homonym [hom-uh-nim] (n) — word that sounds like another but differs in meaning and

spelling. Examples: principal and principle; ANTONYM: heteronym▪ homocentric [hoh-muh-sen-trik, hom-uh-] (adj) — having the same center; ANTONYM:

heterocentric▪ homophonic [hom-uh-fon-ik, hoh-muh-] (adj) — having the same sound; ANTONYM:

polyphonic▪ homophobia [hoh-muh-foh-bee-uh] (n) — fear or dislike of homosexuals (PHOBIA =

fear or dislike)

HETERO: different▪ heterochromatic [het-er-uh-kroh-mat-ik, -oh-kruh-] (adj) — having different colors;

ANTONYM: homochromatic▪ heterogeneous [het-er-uh-jee-nee-uh s, -jeen-yuh s] (adj) — differing in kind;

dissimilar; ANTONYM: homogeneous▪ heterology [het-uh-rol-uh-jee] (n) — lack of correspondence between parts; ANTONYM:

homology

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▪ heteromorphic [het-er-uh-mawr-fik] (adj) — exhibiting diversity of form; ANTONYM: homomorphic (MORPH = form)

▪ heteronym [het-er-uh-nim] (n) — word spelled like another, but differing in sound and meaning; Examples: bass (the tone, pronounced “base”) and bass (the fish, rhyming with “pass”); ANTONYM: homonym

▪ heterodox [het-er-uh-doks] (adj) — contrary to some acknowledged standard; ANTONYM: orthodox — conforming to an acknowledged standard

POD: foot▪ antipodes [an-tip-uh-deez] (plural n) — parts of the globe (or their inhabitants)

diametrically opposite (literally, “with the feet opposite”)▪ arthropod [ahr-thruh-pod] (n) — any invertebrate (animal having no backbone) with

jointed legs. Example: insects▪ podiatrist [puh-dahy-uh-trist, poh-] (n) — one who treats ailments of the human foot (also

called chiropodist)▪ podium [poh-dee-uh m] (n) — raised platform; low wall serving as a foundation▪ pseudopod [soo-duh-pod] (n) — (literally, “false foot”) temporary extension of the

protoplasm, as in the ameba, to enable the organism to move and take in food▪ tripod [trahy-pod] (n) — utensil, stool, or caldron having three legs▪ unipod [yoo-nuh-pod] (n) — one-legged support

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GREEK ROOTS WORD STUDY: PART III

Part IA — LOGY: science, study, accountFrom the LOGY word list, select the word that best completes each sentence.

1. In order to help people who are mentally ill, one must study _________________________.2. If you enjoy learning about life in ancient Egypt, you might try studying ________________.3. To plan activities for a vacation, it would be helpful to know something about

_________________ in order to bring the right clothes.4. Patients suffering from skin disorders are often referred to a specialist in ________________.5. If you live in California, it might be wise to know something about ___________________

so that you understand what is happening when the earth trembles.6. Advances in _______________________ have enabled industries to manufacture products at

lower costs.7. __________________________ deals with the origin and races of humankind.

Part IB — A person who studies biology is a biologist. What is a person called who studies the following subjects? What do they do in their profession?

SCIENCE PERSON SCIENCE, STUDY, ACCOUNT OF

1. neurology _____________________ ______________________________2. cardiology _____________________ ______________________________3. geology _____________________ ______________________________4. criminology _____________________ ______________________________5. paleontology _____________________ ______________________________6. biochemistry _____________________ ______________________________

Part II — BIO: lifeFill in each blank with the most appropriate word from the BIO word group.

1. The hot magma inside the earth is not part of the __________________________.2. Frogs and toads are ________________________ animals.3. Certain bacteria that live on the roots of bean plants provide nitrogen to the plants and in turn

receive nourishment and protection: this relationship is one of ______________________.4. One ___________________ widely used to arrest the growth of harmful bacteria is

penicillin.5. ____________________ is the science dealing with the study of living organisms.

Part III — TOMY (TOM): cutting, operation of incisionComplete each sentence by entering the most appropriate word from the TOMY (TOM) word group.

1. The sharp __________________________ between your promises and your deeds suggest that you are not reliable.

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2. Even though I have had a number of colds and sore throats, my physician feels I do not need a(n) _________________________________.

3. In former times ________________________ (bleeding) was used indiscriminately as a treatment for practically all illnesses.

4. You will learn about the structure of the skeleton, the muscles, the heart, and other parts of the body when you study human _________________________ in your first year of medical school.

5. Only in extremely serious mental illness is a(n)_________________________ performed.

Part IV — HOMO: one and the same, like; HETERO: differentFill in each blank with the most appropriate word from either the HOMO or HETERO word group.

1. The butterfly is ________________________: it goes through four stages in its life cycle, and in each of these it has a different form.

2. An archery target usually consists of several ___________________________ circles.3. People of many races and religious can be found in the ___________________________

population of large American cities.4. The words write and right are __________________________________.5. The foreleg of a horse and the wing of a bird exhibit _________________________, for they

have a fundamental similarity of structure.6. To escape persecution for his ______________________________ views, Roger Williams

fled from Massachusetts Bay Colony and founded the colony of Rhode Island.7. Lower (which means “inferior”) and lower (which means “look sullen” and rhymes with

“our”) are a pair of _______________________.8. Stained-glass windows are _____________________, since they are composed of glass

sections of many colors.9. The newly admitted students, though fairly ________________________ in age, were quite

heterogeneous in ability.10. One would not expect radical opinions from a (an) _____________________________

person.11. ________________________ is a problem in modern society that has led to “gay bashing.”

Part V — POD: footFill in each blank with the most appropriate word from the POD word group.

1. One who treats ailments of the feet is known as a chiropodist or a _______________________________.

2. The English often call Australia and New Zealand the ________________________, since these countries are almost diametrically opposite England on the globe.

3. As the guest conductor stepped onto the __________________________, the audience burst into applause.

4. A crab is a (an) _____________________; so, too, are lobsters, bees, flies, spiders, and other invertebrates with segmented legs.

5. Having only three legs, a _______________________ is less stable than a four-legged support.

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GREEK ROOTS: PART IV

HYPER: over, above, beyond the ordinary (opposite of HYPO)▪ hyperactive [hahy-per-ak-tiv] (adj) — overactive▪ hyperbole [hahy-pur-buh-lee] (n) — extravagant exaggeration of statement▪ hypercritical [hahy-per-krit-i-kuh l] (adj) — overcritical▪ hyperemia [hahy-per-ee-mee-uh] (n) — superabundance of blood▪ hyperopia [hahy-per-oh-pee-uh] (n) — farsightedness; ANTONYM: myopia --

nearsightedness▪ hypersensitive [hahy-per-sen-si-tiv] (adj) — excessively sensitive▪ hypertrophy [hahy-pur-truh-fee] (n) — enlargement of a body part or organ;

ANTONYM: atrophy — lack of growth from want of nourishment or from disease

HYPO: under, beneath, less than the ordinary (opposite of HYPER)▪ hypodermic [hahy-puh-dur-mik] (adj) — injected under the skin▪ hypothesis [hahy-poth-uh-sis, hi-] (n) — theory or supposition assumed as a basis for

reasoning (something "placed under")▪ hypothetical [hahy-puh-thet-i-kuh l] (adj) — assumed without proof for the purpose of

reasoning; conjectural▪ hypoacidity [hahy-poh-uh-sid-i-tee] (n) — weak acidity; ANTONYM: hyperacidity —

excessive acidity▪ hypoglycemia [hahy-poh-glahy-see-mee-uh] (n) — low level of sugar in the blood;

ANTONYM: hyperglycemia — excess of sugar in the blood▪ hypotension [hahy-puh-ten-shuh n] (n) — low blood pressure; ANTONYM:

hypertension — abnormally high blood pressure▪ hypothyroid [hahy-puh-thahy-roid] (adj) — marked by deficient activity of the thyroid

gland; ANTONYM: hyperthyroid — marked by excessive activity of the thyroid gland

ENDO: within▪ endocarditis [en-doh-kahr-dahy-tis] (n) -- inflammation of the lining of the heart▪ endoderm [en-duh-durm] (n) -- membranelike tissue lining the digestive tract▪ endoparasite [en-doh-par-uh-sahyt] (n) -- parasite living in the internal organs of an

animal; ANTONYM: ectoparasite -- parasite living on the exterior of an animal▪ endophyte [en-duh-fahyt] (n) -- plant growing within another plant▪ endogenous [en-doj-uh-nuh s] (adj) -- produced from within; due it internal causes;

ANTONYM: exogenous — produced from without; due to external causes

EXO: out of, outside▪ exoteric [ek-suh-ter-ik] (adj) — external, exterior, readily understandable; ANTONYM:

esoteric — inner, private, difficult to understand▪ exotic [ig-zot-ik] (adj) — introduced from a foreign country, excitingly strange▪ exocrine [ek-suh-krin, -kreen] (adj) — secreting externally; ANTONYM: endocrine —

secreting internally▪ exogamy [ek-sog-uh-mee] (n) — marriage outside the tribe, caste of social group;

ANTONYM: endogamy — marriage within the tribe, caste, or social group▪ exogenous [ek-soj-uh-nuh s] (adj) — produced from without; due to external causes;

ANTONYM: endogenous -- produced from within; due to internal causes

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▪ exoskeleton [ek-soh-skel-i-tn] (n) — hard protective structure developed outside the body, as the shell of a lobster; ANTONYM: endoskeleton — internal skeleton or supporting framework in an animal

▪ exosmosis [ek-sos-moh-sis, ek-soz-] (n) — osmosis outward; ANTONYM: endosmosis — osmosis inward

ARCHY: rule▪ anarchy [an-er-kee] (n) — total absence of rule or government; confusion; disorder▪ autarchy [aw-tahr-kee] (n) — rule by absolute sovereign without any restrictions; autocrat [aw-tuh-krat] (n) — a monarch who holds and exercises the powers of government as by inherent right, not subject to restrictions; one who has absolute authority

▪ hierarchy [hahy-uh-rahr-kee, hahy-rahr-] (n) — body of rulers or officials grouped in ranks, each being subordinate to the rank above it

▪ matriarchy [mey-tree-ahr-kee] (n) — form of social organization in which the mother rules the family or tribe, descent being traced through the mother

▪ monarchy [mon-er-kee] (n) — state ruled over by a single person, as a king or queen▪ oligarchy [ol-i-gahr-kee] (n) — form of government in which a few people have the power▪ patriarchy [pey-tree-ahr-kee] (n) — form of social organization in which the father rules

the family or tribe, descent being traced through the father

META: beyond, after, a change▪ metaphor [met-uh-fawr] (n) — the application of a word or phrase to an object or concept

which it does not literally denote; a meaning beyond the literal meaning▪ metamorphosis [met-uh-mawr-fuh-sis] (n) — a complete change of form, structure, or

substance▪ metaphysics [met-uh-fiz-iks] (n) — the branch of philosophy that deals with abstract

thought such as existence, death, truth: what is the origin and structure of the universe; why are we here in the universe? (literally means the works after the physics with reference to the arrangement of Aristole’s writing)

▪ metastasize [muh-tas-tuh-sahyz] (v) — when cells of malignant tumors spread to other regions of the body. The cells go beyond the tumor into the circulatory system to attack other parts of the body

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GREEK ROOTS WORD STUDY: PART IV

Part I — Complete the following sentences by entering the most appropriate word from the HYPER and HYPO word groups.

1. Try not to hurt Ann's feelings when you criticize her work, as she is ___________________.2. In _______________________________, the blood pressure is lower than normal.3. The student who judged the composition was __________________________; he

exaggerated minor faults and gave no credit at all for the author's style and humor.4. Nobody finished the lemonade because of its ____________________________, Evidently,

too much lemon juice had been used.5. The following statement is an example of ____________________: "I've told you a million

times to wear your boots when it rains."6. A (an ) ________________________ syringe and needle are used to administer injections

under the skin.7. Billy is a (an) _________________________________ youngster; he won't sit for a minute.

Part II — Enter the most appropriate word from the ENDO and EXO word groups.

1. Algae that live within other plants are known as ___________________________s.2. Foreign visitors can often be identified by their _________________________ dress.3. _________________________ glands, having no ducts or tubes, secrete internally.4. Some primitive tribes observe ______________________, forbidding marriage outside the

tribe.5. The body louse is a most annoying ______________________ , as it moves freely over the

body of its host.6. The lobster has a thick protective shell known as an _______________________.

Part III — Enter the most appropriate word from the ARCHY and META word groups.

1. In the naval ___________________, a rear admiral ranks below a vice admiral.2. Many a supposedly "democratic" organization is controlled by a (an) ___________________

of three or four influential members.3. In a constitutional ______________________, the power of the king or queen is usually

limited by a constitution and a legislature.4. A family in which the mother alone makes all the final decisions could be called a (an)

_________________________.5. If you want to find out about the meaning of life, you would study

_____________________________.6. A caterpillar undergoes a complete ____________________________ into a butterfly.7. When the doctor says a tumor has __________________________, it is very bad news.

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Part IV — Review. Define the following words.

1. monotony: ______________________________________________________

2. polyglot: _______________________________________________________

3. homophobia: ___________________________________________________

4. polymorphic: ____________________________________________________

5. euphoria: _______________________________________________________

Part V — Review. Write the OPPOSITE of each word.

1. myopia: ________________________________

2. exogamy: ______________________________

3. hypertrophy: ___________________________

4. theism: _______________________________

5. Germanophile: _________________________

6. endoparasitic ____________________________

Part VI — As clues to each mystery word below, you are given its first letter, the number of its missing letters, and its definition. Enter the complete word.

1. Only nine percent of the registered voters actually voted in the last primary. How can we explain such a___________________ (5 - lack of interest)?

2. Some TV weather programs have enlarged our m______________________________ (13 dealing with the atmosphere) knowledge.

3. Occasionally we prefer e_________________(5- introduced from a foreign country) dishes to American cookery.

4. Further progress in t____________________(9 - industrial science) may ultimately bring about a shorter workweek.

5. It is very easy to hurt the feelings of an h____________________ (13 - excessively sensitive) person.

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GREEK ROOTS: PART V

GEO: earth, ground▪ geocentric [jee-oh-sen-trik] (adj) — measured from the earth's center; having the earth as

a center▪ geodetic [jee-uh-det-ik] (adj) — pertaining to geodesy (mathematics dealing with earth's

shape/dimensions)▪ geology [ jee-ol-uh-jee] (n) — science dealing with the earth's history as recorded in rocks▪ geometry [ jee-om-i-tree] (n) — mathematics dealing with lines, angles, surfaces, and

solids (literally, "measurement of land")▪ geomorphic [jee-uh-mawr-fik] (adj) — pertaining to the shape of the earth or the form of

its surface▪ geophysics [jee-oh-fiz-iks] (n) — science dealing with the forces that modify the earth▪ georgic [jawr-jik] (adj) — agricultural; poem on husbandry (farming)▪ geotropism [ jee-o-truh-piz-uh m] (n) — response to earth's gravity, as the growing of

roots downward in the ground▪ apogee [ap-uh-jee] (n) — farthest point from the earth in the orbit of a satellite▪ perigee [per-i-jee] (n) — nearest point to the earth in the orbit of a satellite; ANTONYM:

apogee

PERI: around, about, near, enclosing▪ pericardium [per-i-kahr-dee-uh m] (n) — membranous sac enclosing the heart▪ perihelion [per-uh-hee-lee-uh n, -heel-yuh n] (n) — nearest point to the sun in the orbit of

a planet or comet; ANTONYM: aphelion -- farthest point from the sun in the orbit of a planet or comet

▪ perimeter [puh-rim-i-ter] (n) — the whole outer boundary or measurement of a surface or figure

▪ periphery [puh-rif-uh-ree] (n) — outside boundary▪ periphrastic [per-uh-fras-tik] (adj) — expressed in a roundabout way▪ periscope [per-uh-skohp] (n) — instrument permitting those in a submarine a view ("look

around") of the surface▪ peristalsis [per-uh-stawl-sis, -stal-] (n) — wavelike contraction of the walls of the

intestines which propels contents onward▪ peritonitis [per-i-tn-ahy-tis] (n) — inflammation of the peritoneum (membrane lining the

abdominal cavity and covering the organs)

PATH (PATHO, PATHY): feeling, suffering, disease▪ antipathy [an-tip-uh-thee] (n) — aversion ("feeling against"); dislike; ANTONYM:

sympathy — sharing of ("feeling with") another's trouble; compassion▪ apathy [ap-uh-thee] (n) — lack of feeling, emotion, interest, or excitement; indifference▪ empathy [em-puh-thee] (n) — the complete understanding of another's feeling, motives,

etc.▪ pathetic [puh-thet-ik] (adj) — arousing pity▪ pathos [pey-thos] (n) — quality in speech, writing, music, events, etc., that arouses a

feeling of pity or sadness

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▪ telepathy [tuh-lep-uh-thee] (n) — transference of the thoughts and feelings of one person to another by no apparent means of communication

▪ homeopathy [hoh-mee-op-uh-thee] (n) — system of medical practice that treats disease by administering minute doses of a remedy which, if given to healthy persons, would produce symptoms of the disease treated

▪ osteopath [os-tee-uh-path] (n) — practitioner of osteopathy (treatment of diseases by manipulation of bones, muscles, nerves, etc.)

▪ pathogenic [path-uh-jen-ik] (adj) — causing disease▪ pathological [path-uh-loj-i-kuh l] (adj) — due to disease▪ psychopathic [sahy-kuh-path-ik] (adj) — pertaining to mental disease; insane

MORPH: form▪ amorphous [uh-mawr-fuh s] (adj) — without definite form; shapeless▪ anthropomorphic [an-thruh-puh-mawr-fik] (adj) — attributing human form or

characteristics to beings not human, especially gods▪ dimorphous [dahy-mawr-fuh s] (adj) — occurring under two distinct forms▪ heteromorphic [het-er-uh-mawr-fik] (adj) — exhibiting diversity of form; ANTONYM:

homomorphic▪ metamorphosis [met-uh-mawr-fuh-sis] (n) — change of form▪ monomorphic [mon-uh-mawr-fik] (adj) — having a single form; ANTONYM:

polymorphic▪ morphology [mawr-fol-uh-jee] (n) — branch of biology dealing with the form and

structure of animals and plants

PAN: all▪ panacea [pan-uh-see-uh] (n) — a supposed remedy for all illnesses or diseases▪ pandemic [pan-dem-ik] (adj) — widely epidemic▪ pandemonium [pan-duh-moh-nee-uh m] (n) — uproar, confusion (Pan, the demi-God,

would scare people and create panic in them and pandemonium.)▪ panoply [pan-uh-plee] (n) — a complete suit of armor or any protective covering; a

brilliant covering or array▪ panorama [pan-uh-ram-uh, -rah-muh] (n) — an unbroken view over a wide area▪ pantheon [pan-thee-on, -uh n] (n) — all the gods of a particular mythology; a temple for

all the gods▪ pantomime [pan-tuh-mahym] (n) — a dramatic presentation performed with actions and

gestures rather than words; action and gesture without words as a means of expression

LOG: word, speech, reason▪ analogy [uh-nal-uh-jee] (n) — an agreement or partial correspondence in things between

which a comparison may be made▪ logic [loj-ik] (n) — the study of the principles of reasoning; a convincing reason or argument▪ logo [loh-goh] (n) — a symbol used to identify a product, a company, or other institution▪ monologue [mon-uh-lawg, -log] (n) — a long speech by one person▪ prologue [proh-lawg, -log] (n) — an introductory part of a play or book; any act or event

that introduces▪ syllogism [sil-uh-jiz-uh m] (n) — an argument from two premises from which a conclusion

is drawn; logical argument involving three propositions: a formal deductive argument made up of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.

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Example: "All birds have feathers; penguins are birds; therefore, penguins have feathers."

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GREEK ROOTS WORD STUDY: PART V

Part I — GEO: earth, ground; PERI: around, about, near enclosingEnter the most appropriate word from the GEO and PERI word groups.

1. At its apogee the moon is nearly 252,000 miles from the earth; at its _____________________ it is less than 226,000 miles away.

2. Heliotropism attracts leaves to sunlight; _______________________ draws roots downward in the earth.

3. To make precise earth measurements, _____________________ engineers use sensitive instruments.

4. Some earthquakes have little effect on the form of the earth’s surface, but others result in noticeable __________________________ changes.

5. The atmosphere, the sun, and other forces that modify the earth are dealt with in the science of _____________________.

6. The ___________________ of a rectangle is twice its width plus twice its length.7. At its aphelion, the earth is 152,516,120 kilometers (94,560,000 miles) from the sun; at its

__________________, it is only 147,496,770 kilometers (91,448,0000 miles) away.8. By a series of wavelike contractions, known as _________________________, food is

moved through the intestines.9. Before changing its position, the cautious turtle raised its head like a

________________________ to survey surrounding conditions.10. The sections of an orange are narrowest at its center and widest at its

_______________________, or rind.

Part II — PATH (PATHO PATHY): feeling suffering, disease; MORPH: formEnter the most appropriate word from the PATH and MORPH word groups.

1. Among the diseases caused by _________________ bacteria are pneumonia and scarlet fever.

2. Sometimes, as if by ______________________, one may know the thoughts of an absent friend or relative.

3. The _________________ expression on the youngster's face made everyone feel sorry for him.

4. Such intense ________________________ resulted from their quarrel that the sisters have not spoken to each other for years.

5. As the fog slowly lifted, ______________________ objects began to assume definite shapes.6. When you study cell ________________________, you will learn about the nucleus, the cell

membrane, and other features of cell structure.7. The drastic ________________________ from slum area to attractive residential

neighborhood was accomplished in less than three years.8. Individual members of a (an) _______________________ species are identical or similar in

form.9. The ancient Greeks had a (an) ___________________________ conception of deity; they

gave their gods and goddesses the characteristics of men and women.

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Part III — PAN: all; LOG: word, speech reasonEnter the most appropriate word from the PAN and LOG word groups.

1. The quack doctor claimed he had a ________________________ for everyone's sickness.2. Everyone throughout the world was fearful because the new disease was

______________________.3. The _____________________ from the top of the Grand Canyon is breathtaking.4. "All birds can fly; seagulls are birds; therefore, seagulls can fly" is an example of

____________________.5. PVPHS's ___________________ is a panther.6. The _________________ before the first Act of Romeo and Juliet foreshadows the play's

tragic conclusion.

Part IV — REVIEW WORDSFill in each missing blank with the correct review word. The first letter of each word is provided. Use clues in the sentence to figure out the missing word.

1. A two-headed horse would be an a______________________ sight.2. The term "mortician" is an e__________________________ for undertaker.3. Some isolationists, since they dislike foreigners, exhibit a profound x__________________.4. Since my companion had a dread of height, his a___________________ became more acute

as we approached the summit.5. The b_____________________ was proud of his fine collection of beautifully bound

volumes.6. Someone with c___________________ would not hide in closets.7. The professor’s lecture on transitive verbs was e_________________, difficult to

understand.8. If you were interested in finding out about a person’s ancestry, you would study

g_______________________.9. The science dealing with life in the remote past as recorded in fossils is called

p_______________________.10. So intense was Ahab’s desire for revenge on Moby Dick, the white whale, that it amounted to

a m_________________________.

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GREEK ROOTS: PART VI

ARCH: ultimate, highest rank; ruler▪ archangel [ahrk-eyn-juh l] (n) — an angel of high rank▪ archenemy [ahrch-en-uh-mee] (n) — a chief enemy▪ archetype [ahr-ki-tahyp] (n) — a first, perfect type or form from which copies, usually

inferior, may be made; Example: Romeo and Juliet are archetypes of ill-fated lovers.▪ architect [ahr-ki-tekt] (n) — the devisor, creator, or maker of anything▪ archbishop [ahrch-bish-uh p] (n) — a bishop of the highest rank▪ archipelago [ahr-kuh-pel-uh-goh] (n) — any large body of water with many islands▪ monarch [mon-erk, -ahrk] (n) — a king or queen

CHRON: time▪ anachronism [uh-nak-ruh-niz-uh m] (n) — anything that is or seems to be out of its

proper time in history▪ chronic [kron-ik] (adj) — lasting a long time or recurring often▪ chronicle [kron-i-kuh l] (n) — a history or record of events told in the order in which they

occurred▪ chronograph [kron-uh-graf, -grahf] (n) — an instrument for measuring brief, precisely

spaced intervals of time, such as a stopwatch▪ chronology [kruh-nol-uh-jee] (n) — the science of arranging time in periods and

ascertaining the dates and historical order of past events; chronological (adj) — arranged in order of time (chronological order)

▪ chronometer [kruh-nom-i-ter] (n) — an instrument for measuring time precisely, used especially in science and in navigation

▪ synchronize [sing-kruh-nahyz] (v) — to happen at the same time; to make agree in time; to move or take place together or at the same rate

DIA: through, across, between▪ diacritical [dahy-uh-krit-i-kuh l] (adj) — marks added above or below letters in some

languages to show a difference in pronunciation▪ diagonal [dahy-ag-uh-nl] (adj) — having a slanted or oblique angle▪ dialect [dahy-uh-lekt] (n) — the language of a certain class of place, as a variant form of

the established language of the whole country▪ diameter [dahy-am-i-ter] (n) — a straight line passing through the center of a circle; the

length of this line▪ diaphanous [dahy-af-uh-nuh s] (adj) — so fine in texture as to be translucent or

transparent; vague or indistinct▪ diaphragm [dahy-uh-fram] (n) — any membrane that separates and divides, particularly

the muscular wall separating the chest from the abdomen in mammals▪ diatribe [dahy-uh-trahyb] (n) — a bitter attack or criticism

EPI: upon, over▪ epicenter [ep-uh-sen-ter] (n) — the point on the earth's surface directly above the point of

origin of an earthquake or the impact of a bomb

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▪ epidemic [ep-i-dem-ik] (adj) — the rapid spread of a disease affecting many individuals in a particular area or community

▪ epidermis [ep-i-dur-mis] (n) — the outer, protective layer of skin▪ epilepsy [ep-uh-lep-see] (n) — a disorder of the nervous system characterized by

recurring attacks in which the individual loses motor or sensory control▪ epitaph [ep-i-taf] (n) — an inscription on a tomb or gravestone▪ epithet [ep-uh-thet] (n) — an adjective, noun, or phrase used to characterize some person

or thing; a descriptive name or title▪ epitome [ih-pit-uh-mee] (n) — any person or thing that is typical or characteristic of some

quality; a summary

PAR, PARA: beside, alongside▪ parable [par-uh-buh l] (n) — a short story that illustrates a moral or lesson▪ paradigm [par-uh-dahym, -dim] (n) — a pattern, example, or model▪ paragon [par-uh-gon] (n) — a model of excellence or perfection▪ paramecium [par-uh-mee-shee-uh m, -see-uh m] (n) — a microscopic, oblong-shaped

freshwater animal with hairlike threads on its outer surface that help it move▪ paraphrase [par-uh-freyz] (v) — to reword a piece of writing to make it shorter or clearer▪ parasite [par-uh-sahyt] (n) — an animal or plant that can obtain food only by living in or

on another organism; a person who lives on others and gives nothing in return▪ parenthetical [par-uh n-thet-i-kuhl] (adj) — interjected as qualifying information or

explanation▪ parody [par-uh-dee] (n) — a funny imitation of a serious literary or musical composition; a

poor or weak imitation

SYM, SYN: with, together▪ symbiosis [sim-bee-oh-sis] (n) — the living together of two types of organisms for their

mutual benefit▪ symmetry [sim-i-tree] (n) — an exact correspondence between the opposite halves of a

figure, form, or pattern on either side of the center line; the balance or proportion between parts of a whole

▪ sympathetic [sim-puh-thet-ik] (adj) — sharing the feelings of another; in agreement or favorably inclined

▪ symphony [sim-fuh-nee] (n) — harmony; a long musical composition, usually for an entire orchestra playing together

▪ symposium [sim-poh-zee-uh m] (n) — a meeting or conference for discussion of some subject

▪ synagogue [sin-uh-gog] (n) — the place of worship of a Jewish congregation▪ syndicate (n) — a combination of individuals or companies to carry out a project▪ synergy [sin-er-jee] (n) — the joint action of two things to achieve an effect of which each

is incapable alone▪ synonymous [si-non-uh-muh s] (adj) — having the same meaning; expressing or

suggesting the same idea▪ synthesis [sin-thuh-sis] (n) — the combination of parts or elements into a complex whole

PHOTO: light▪ photokinesis [foh-toh-ki-nee-sis] (n) — motion or activity in response to light (from

Greek kinesis, "motion")

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▪ photogenic [foh-tuh-jen-ik] (adj) — producing or generating light; appearing attractive in photographs

▪ photometer [foh-tom-i-ter] (n) — an instrument used to measure the intensity of light▪ photon [foh-ton] (n) — a quantum of electromagnetic energy (the energy of light, X-rays,

and gamma rays is carried by photons)▪ photosynthesis [foh-tuh-sin-thuh-sis] (n) — the process by which green plants use

sunlight to produce food▪ phototropism [foh-to-truh-piz-uh m] (n) — the movement of a part of a plant toward or

away from light sources▪ photolysis [foh-tol-uh-sis] (n) — chemical decomposition due to the action of light

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GREEK ROOTS WORD STUDY: PART VI

Part I — ARCH: ultimate, highest ran, ruler; CHRON: timeEnter the most appropriate word from the ARCH and CHRON word groups.

1. In the Bible, Gabriel is one of the seven __________________________(s).2. Queen Elizabeth II is England's _____________________________.3. The Capitol building in Washington, D.C., is the ________________________ for many

state capitols.4. The many islands of the __________________, the Aegean Sea, are filled with historical

monuments dating back thousands of years.5. The 1929 Model T Ford was an __________________________ on the busy freeway.6. In the almanac you can find a _________________________ that lists the most important

events in world history.7. None of the clocks at school show the same time; they need to be __________________(d).8. The book about the Civil War was a vivid ____________________ of that period.

Part II — DIA: through, across, between; EPI: upon, overEnter the most appropriate word from the DIA and EPI word groups.

1. The singing teacher told the students to breathe with their ________________________(s).2. The movie star launched a ____________________ against the photographers who were

always invading her privacy.3. In some languages a _____________________ mark is added to certain letters to show that

they have a different pronunciation.4. The wedding veil was ________________________; one could see through it.5. She was the _________________________ of a good student.6. "Blest be the man that spares these stones / And curst be he that moves my bones" is part of

the _______________________ on William Shakespeare's tomb.7. "The Lionhearted" was King Richard I's ________________________.8. In Hiroshima there is a plaque showing the ________________________ of the atom bomb

that was dropped on that city in 1945.

Part III — PAR/PARA: beside, alongside; PHOTO: light; SYM/SYN: with, togetherEnter the most appropriate word from the PAR/PARA, SYM/SYN and PHOTO word groups.

1. Mistletoe is a __________________ that can survive only by living off evergreens or other trees.

2. Aesop's fables are _____________________(s).3. The teacher told the class to __________________________ the poem in their own words.4. As she showed the pictures of her trip, she added ___________________________

comments about the weather, the food, and the people.5. The math book began each lesson by presenting a ____________________ for solving a

particular type of problem.6. Polymorphic and heteromorphic are _________________________ in meaning.

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7. ___________________ exists when the business community and the local high schools work together to produce students who, after graduation, can immediately be placed in jobs in the business world.

8. English teachers meet in ___________________________(s) to discuss new teaching methods.

9. The energy of an X-ray's light is carried from the machine through your body by ______________(s).

10. A vampire's body, allergic to the sun’s rays, undergoes ___________________________ when he steps out into the sunlight.

11. ________________________ is a process by which carbohydrates are formed from the carbon dioxide and water of the air under the influence of light.

12. Plants that bend towards the sun have undergone ___________________________.

Part IV — Define the italicized word in the first blank. Then put the meaning of the prefix and of the root in the next two blanks.

Example: Abyss means a bottomless depth because A means without and BYSS means bottom.

1. Symbiosis means

____________________________________________________________.

because SYM means _____________________ and BIO means ______________________.

2. Apathy means

______________________________________________________________.

because A means _________________________ and PATH means ___________________.

3. Prologue means

____________________________________________________________.

because PRO means ______________________ and LOG means ____________________.

4. Photosynthesis means

________________________________________________________.

because PHOTO means ___________________ and SYN means _____________________.

5. Microbiology means

_________________________________________________________.

because MICRO means ___________________ and BIO means _____________________.

6. Anarchy means

_____________________________________________________________.

because A means _______________________and ARCHY means ____________________.

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7. Monarch means

_____________________________________________________________.

because MONO means __________________ and ARCH means _____________________.

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