* GB785223 (A)

Description: GB785223 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to apparatus for detecting the presence offoreign bodies on the bottoms of transparent vessels

Description of GB785223 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvemellts in or relating to Apparatus ior Detecting tlie Presence of Foreign Bodies on the Bottoms Ox Transparent Vessels. We, U.D. ENCINEERING COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company of Abbey Works, Cumber- land Avenue, Park Royal, London, N.W.10, England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement This invention relates to apparatus for detecting the presence of foreign bodies on the bottom of transparent vessels such as, for example, milk bottles. It is an object of the invention to provide an apparatus whereby the bottom of the vessel may be scanned directly by a scanning beam of light without the use of mechanical scanning devices. Further objects are to provide such an apparatus whereby the scanning can be effected without interrupting the movement of a vessel which is being mechanically moved between two positions, for example, between a bottle cleaning machine and a bottle filling machine, and whereby the scanning system can be readily adapted to deal with vessels of different sizes, or to provide a different scanning pattern, without necessitating dismantling of the apparatus or a prolonged interruption of its operation. According to the invention an apparatus for detecting the presence of a foreign body on the bottom of a transparent vessel having a coaxial mouth and bottom comprises in combination a cathode ray tube, located so that a beam of light emitted therefrom passes longitudinally through the vessel and arranged to effeet scanning of that portion of

the bottom of the vessel whieh is normally transparent to light directed longitudinally of the vessel. a light responsive device disposed so as to receive light passed through the bottom of the vessel from said cathode ray tube, a device operable by said light responsive device for giving an indication when the amount of light from said cathode ray tube falling on said device is reduced below a predetermined value, a support for said vessel during scanning formed of one or more members of such dimensions and so arranged as to avoid significant obstruction to the passage of light from said cathode ray tube to said light responsive device, and a device for adjusting the areas of the scanning field of said cathode ray tube. The vessel may be moved continuously across the supporting means during the scanning operation. The means for supporting the vessel may comprise a grid formed from thin strips of metal or other suitable material disposed with their narrow edges uppermost, and such strips may be disposed parallel to each other or may be arranged concentrically in circular arcuate form or in any other pattern, Thus. from another aspect of the invention an apparatus for detecting the presence of a foreign body on the bottom of a transparent vessel comprises in combination, -a knife- edged grid to support the bottom of the vessel, a cathode ray tube located below said grid so as to direct a beam of light between the bars of the grid longitudinally through the bottom of the vessel towards the open end thereof to soan the bottom of the vessel. a light responsive device disposed on tbe end of the vessel opposite that from which the light impinges and means for giving an indication when the light falling on the light responsive device is reduced below a predetermined value. Stretched thin wires, or wire mesh of convenient mesh size may also be employed instead of the said grid. Alternatively the vessel may be supported by members which engage the vessel at opposite sides thereof. Where the vessel is a milk bottle, for example, the supporting means may comprise members which engage with the neck of the bottle under the neck ring thereof. The cathode ray tube may be disposed below or above the vessel, the light sensitive relay being disposed at the other end of the vessel so as to receive the light passing through the bottom of the vessel from top to bottom thereof or vice versa. Reference will now be made to the diagram matic drawings accompanying the Provisional Specification which illustrate by way of example one embodiment of the invention applied to detection of the presence of foreign bodies on the bottoms of milk bottles, and in which Figure 1 is a plan of the apparatus according to the invention; Figure 2 is an elevation of a part of the apparatus on the line 11-Il

of Figure 1 Figure 3 is a plan of a modification of the arrangement sholul in Figure 2; and Figure 4 is an elevation of Figure 3. Like numerals are used in all the Figures to designate similar parts. 51ilk bottles 1 are carried in succession, at spaced intervals, on an endless, slatted conveyor 2 and are moved thereby into engagement with a transfer device at 3 in Figure 1 for example which moves eaeh bottle 1 from the conveyor 2, across a l.nife-edged grid support 4, and delivers it to a second endless conveyor 5. The bottles may however be fed over the grid by each pressing against the other as the conveyor urges succeeding bottles forward. Preferably, the transfer device at 3 when used is so constructed as to move the bottle continuously over the grid 4 from conveyor 2 to conveyor 5. If desired, however, the transfer device may take the form of an intermittently rotatable star-wheel (not shown which moves a bottle from the first conveyor and retains it in a stationary position on the grid 4 during scanning. In this form, the star-wheel, on a second movement thereof, moves the bottle, after scanning, on to the second conveyor 5 and simultaneously moves a second bottle from the first conveyor 2 to the stationary position on the grid 4. The area of the grid 4 on to which the bottle 1 is moved, is not less than that of the bottom of the largest bottle which is to be supported thereon as it will be appreciated that it may be desired to use the apparatus for detecting the presence of foreign bodies in bottles of varying sizes. The bars 6 of the grid 4 are disposed with their narrow, i.e. knife. edges uppermost and may be spaced apart as shown in parallel relationship or may be of concentric circular arcuate or other form but are preferably disposed in accordance rrith the scanning pattern adopted. Due to the lcnife-edged arrangement of the grid substantially the whole of the bottom of the bottle 1 is exposed for the purposes of scanning so that a minimum size of foreign body can be detected anywhere on the bottom of the bottle. When the bars 6 are arranged in parallel relationship they are preferably longitudinally disposed in the direction of travel of the bottles thus providing a smooth path for the bottles. Directly below the grid 4 is located a cathode ray tube 7 the beam of light from the fluorescent screen of which passes between the bars of the grid and upwards through the bottom of the bottle to a light responsive device S, as described hereafter. It is necessary to avoid scanning of the portions of the bottom of the bottle lying directly below the bottle wall ; since the refraction produced in such portions

gives the effect of opacity therein and the effect on the light responsive device S would be as though a foreign body were on the bottom of the bottle 1, and a false indication lvould thus be given by the apparatus. Accordingly the cathode ray tube 7 is provided with control means (not shown) to adjust the size of the scanning field and ensure that the scanning carried out therewith shall be limited to the area of the inner surface of the bottom of the bottle 1 which lies within the confines of the inner surface of the bottle wall, or a corresponding area of the outer surface of the bottom of the bottle. Such control means also enables the scanning field of the cathode ray tube 7 to be adjusted at will to deal with bottles of different sizes. One way of effecting the aforesaid control of the scanning is to employ a rotary electromagnetic field in association with the cathode ray tube 7, so that by varying within predetermined limits the voltage applied to produce such field, a spiral scanning pattern is produced of whidi the area is that required for a given size of bottle. Other scanning patterns may be employed, e.g. a zig-zag pattern covering the required circular area, or a pattern comprising suecessive circular areas of increasing radius. That stated above is given as an example onlv. Above the open end of the bottle 1 when it is on the grid + is the light responsive device S, lvhieh alay be supported on standards secured to the frame of the machine. This device, which preferably consists of a photo-eleetne cell, is connected through an amplifier 9 with selector meehanisms (not shown) adapted to operate means for giving an indication vfhen the light falling on the light sensitive device 8 is reduced below a predetermined value. This indication may take any desired form; for example, it may consist of an audible indicator or a light indicator, or it may take the form of mechanism operative, after the bottle has been delivered to the second conveyor 5, to eject the bottle 1 containing a foreign body from the conveyor. It is preferred to operate the scanning system continuously, in order to avoid lack of stability due to rapid switching on and off of the apparatus, and to operate the photo-electric cell 8 and associated indicator device by means of a suitably located switch (not shown) co-operating with the movement of the bottle, so that the cell 4 is responsive to the scanning system only when a bottle 1 is properly aligned between the cathode ray tube 7 and the photo-electric cell 8, thus avoiding a false indication being given by scanning the wall of the bottle adjacent the base thereof. In operation, the beam of light from the fluorescent screen of the cathode ray tube 7 scans the required area of the bottom of the bottle 1 in accordance with the selected scanning pattern. Should a foreign body be encountered on the bottom of the bottle the quantity of light

impinging on the light sensitive device 8 will be reduced and as a consequence the indicator will be caused to operate. The movement of the beam of light emitted from fluorescent screen of cathode ray tube 7 over the bottom of the bottle, during the scanning is so fast that it is possible, by the apparatus constructed according to the invention to move the bottle uninterruptedly over the supporting grid. In an alternative arrangement for supporting the bottles (Figures 3 and 4), the bottles 1 are engaged on either side by rails 10 or like members disposed so as to form a short track arranged so that the bottles may be moved therealong to pass between the said cathode ray tube and the light sensitive relay. The rails 10 constituting the track are disposed so that when a bottle 1 is fed towards one end thereof from a slatted conveyor, as previously described, the rails 10 engage the neck of the bottle 1 below the neck ring 11 thereon, the bottle 1 being supported in this manner as it is pushed along the track 10 by other bottles 1 being fed thereto. During a portion of its travel along the track 10 the bottle 1 will be held suspended between the cathode ray tube 7 and the light responsive device 8, the bottom of the bottle being scanned in the manner previously described, and there being no obstacle to the passage of light from the cathode ray tube 7 to the bottom of the bottle 1. At a point beyond the position at which scanning takes place the track may widen as shown so as to release the bottles 1 which are then conveyed on the endless conveyor as previously described. \'whilst in the form of the invention described the cathode ray tube 7 is located below the bottom of the bottle 1 it will bs understood that it is equally convenient to arrange the cathode ray tube 7 so that the open top of the bottle 1 passes immediately thereunder, the light from the cathode ray tube 7 passing through the top of the bottle to the bottom thereof and falling on the light responsive device 8 which will be disposed underneath the grid or the like supporting the bottle, or immediately below the level of the bottom of the bottle, where a support ing grid therefor is not employed. Lenses 12, 13 may be employed to focus the light from the screen of cathode ray tube 7 on the bottom of the bottle 1 and on to the photo-electric cell 8. As the extent of the scan of the light beam cast by the cathode ray tube 7 is preferably the sane diameter where it strikes the bottom of a bottle as the bottle bottom inside the side walls, the lens 13 is required where the fluorescent screen of the cathode ray tube is of smaller diameter than the bottom of the bottle within the bottle sides. For other relative dimensions between the extent of the scan of the light beam and the inside bottle bottom, the faces of the lens 13

if used are of such curvature as to ensure that the diameter of the extent of the scan of the beam of light at the bottle bottom is equal to the diameter of the bottle bottom within the walls. In an alternative construction as shown in Figure 5, the light sensitive device 8 and the cathode ray tube 7 are mounted side by side in a framework so as to form a single unit disposed at the upper end of the vessel 1 to be scanned. Mirrors 14, 15 are provided to reflect the light rays emanating from the bottle on to the light sensitive device 5. In this case a screen 16 is provided to prevent reflection of light from the mirror 15 to the cathode ray tube, or vice versa, wllich could reduce the light sensitivity of the device 8. While in Figure 5 the cathode ray tube 7 is placed above the bottle and the mirrors are below the bottle, their respective positions may be reversed if desired. The screen 16 is so positioned that it will not interfere with the travel of the bottles over the grid 6 and it may form a stop to the bottles in transit should they tend to slide sideways off the grid. Should it be desired not to have the device 8 immediately above or below the bottle the mirror 14 (above or below the bottle) may reflect the light rays on to the device 8 disposed to one side of the bottle, as in the position of the mirror 15 for example. The provision of a cathode ray tube for carrying out the scanning operation has the advantage. as compared with a mechanical scanning system. that the means for illu-minat ing the bottom of the bottle and for effe@ scanning are combined in a single ap.ar- r which may be readily adapted to deal with bottles of different sizes or to modify the scanning pattern. These latter operations may be effected by simple manipulation of a manual control for the circuit of the cathode ray tube, thereby avoiding the necessity of interrupting the operation of the apparatus and replacing one scanning disc by another, as is necessary with a mechanical system. Furthermore, the present invention reduces maintenanee costs since it involves the employment of fewer moving parts such as bearings and the like which require attention during operation and replacement after wear. What we claim is 1. An apparatus for detecting the presence of a foreign body in the bottom of a transparent vessel having a substantially coaxial mouth and bottom comprising in combination a cathode ray tube, located so that a beam of light elnitted therefrorn passes longitudinally through the vessel and arranged to effect scanning of that portion of the

bottom of the vessel which is normally transparent to light directed longitudinally of the vessel, a light responsive device disposed so as to receive light passed through the bottom of the vessel from said cathode ray tube, a device operable by said light responsive device for giving an indication when the amount of light from said cathode ray tube falling on said device is reduced below a predetermined value, a support for said vessel during scanning formed of one or more members of such dimensions and so arranged as to avoid significant obstruction to the passage of light from said cathode ray tube to said light responsive device, and a device for adjusting the area of the scanning field of said cathode ray tube. 2. An apparatus according to Claim 1 wherein the cathode ray tube is disposed below the supports so as to direct a light beam through the support, the bottom of the vessel and the open end of the vessel on to a light sensitive device disposed above the vessel. 3. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2 therein the support for the vessel comprises a grid formed from thin strips of material disposed parallel to each other or in concentric circular ares with their narrow edges uppermost. 4. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the support comprises thin stretched wires or a wire mesh mounted in a frame. 5. An apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the support consists of a mew her or members eaeh disposed to engage tile neck of an open ended vessel to be scanned and locate the vessel between the cathode ray tube and the light sensitive device. 6. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the cathode ray tube and the light sensitive device are disposed adjacent one end of the vessel to be scanned and a light reflecting device is disposed on the opposite end of the vessel to direct the light rays from the cathode ray tube substantially axially through the vessel on to the light sensitive device. 7. An apparatus according to any of Claim 1-6 wherein a mechanism is provided operable continuously to move vessels in succession across the support. 8. An apparatus according to any of the preceding claims wherein endless conveyors are disposed on either side of the light beam continuously operable to feed the vessels to and deliver them from the scanning position. a transfer device being provided to convev the vessels between the two conveyor across the light beam. 9. An apparatus according to Claim 8. wherein the transfer device includes an intermittently rotating star-wheel which is shaped to pieli up a vessel from the first conveyor and release it on the second conveyor, and is operated to dell with a vessel located in the light

beam for scanning the vessel. 10. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 1 wherein a continuously moving vessel advancing device is disposed to traverse a path substantially parallel to the support to engage and pass the vessels across the light beam directed by the cathode ray tube on to the light sensitive device. 11. An apparatus according to any one of the preceding claims wherein a control device is provided in association with the cathode ray tube to permit adjustment of the size of the scanning field at will whereby the scanning field is limited to the cross sectional area of the interior of the vessel. 12. An apparatus according to Claim 11. wherein a rotary electro-magnetic field is provided in association with the cathode ray tube, whereby on variation of the voltage applied to produce such a field a spiral scanning pattern of the requisite area to be seanned is created. 13. An apparatus according to Claim 11 wherein a device is provided capable of producing a moving electro-magnetic field in association with the cathode ray tube, whereby on variation of the voltage applied to produce such a field, a scanning pattern of the requisite area to be scanned is created, the scanning pattern being zig-zag or successive circular areas of increasing radius. 14. An apparatus according to any one of Claims 1-13 wherein the light responsive device comprises a photo-electric cell connected through an amplifier device to a selective mechanism constructed so that when the light falling on the light sensitive device falls below a predetermined value, an

* GB785224 (A)

Description: GB785224 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in sighting or viewing devices

Description of GB785224 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,224 Date of filing Complete Specification (under Section 3 ( 3) of

the Patents Act, 1949): Dec 7, 1955. Application Date:-Dec 9, 1955. Application Date: Aug 6, 1955. No 35647/54. No 22705/55. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 97 ( 1), S( 3: 4); and 132 ( 2), 13 C. International Classificaiion:-A 63 b G 02 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in Sighting or Viewing Devices I, ROBERT ALAN CHANDLER, a British Subject of Overton Grange, Forest Row, Sussex, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention, relates to sighting or viewing devices which may be worn during the play or practice of ball, games such as golf but may be used, for other purposes where it is desirable to eliminate extraneous light, to aid concentration or to limit the field of vision as for example when watching television or when reading. It is known that in the play of certain ball games such as golf it is important to keep the eye on the ball and at the same time head movements should so far as possible be avoided Thus, when addressing the ball at golf, it is important to avoid, upward, downward or lateral movements of the head as such movements may affect the swing of the club I have found that such upwardl, downward or lateral movements of the head' are discouraged if the player wears a sighting device which will enable him to see the ball which he is addressing while his head is held in one position but will cut off his view of the ball if his head be raised or lowered from that position or moved laterally to a substantial extent. According to the present invention a sighting or viewing device comprises a screen or mask adapted to be worn over the eye or eyes and having a narrow horizontal sighting area or pair of narrow horizontal sighting areas one for each eye defined thereon by a frame therearound or by a slit-like aperture therethrough, each area being of adjustable length. The width of the sighting area should be just sufficient to enable the object ball to be seen when, the wearer is in the normal position for addressing such ball The width of the area should be fixed but its lateral position may be adjustable. The sighting device may comprise a pair of eye-pieces adapted to 'be 'worn like spectacles The eye-pieces may be generally opaque, each being provided with a transparent horizontal sighting area in the form

of an aperture Alternatively, the eyepieces may be generally transparent but each being provided with opaque horizontal lines spaced apart to leave la horizontal sighting area, between them, the spaced lines being at least as wide as the horizontal sighting area between them. In one form of the invention, the sighting device is built like a pair of spectacles having a pair of eye-pieces connected by a bridge and having ear-pieces Each of the eye-pieces may be generally opaque andc provided with a more or less centrally disposed narrow horizontal sighting area, preferably in the form of an aperture This area may be relatively short, e g from two to four times its width or it may extend over the whole eye-piece. In the latter case it is provided with adjustable shutters enabling its effective length, i e. its apparent length to the eye to be increased or decreasedl at will. In a preferred arrangement means is providied for adjusting the position of the sighting areas in a lateral direction or for adjusting the lateral positions of the ends of the sighting areas so as in effect to adjust the lateral position of the sighting areas For example a pair of shutters may be pivoted to each eye-piece so that each shutter can be swung over one end of a sighting area In this way the sighting areas of a pair of eye-pieces can be adjusted not only in length but also as to their relative lateral spacing to suit the differing pupilary distances of different individuals Means is preferably provided for calibrating the sighting areas Thus a scale may be provided above Or beneath each sighting area so that the shutters may be set at predetermined positions and so that the lateral positions or lengths of the sighting areas may 'be adjusted by predetermined amounts by reference to the scale. In the practice of golf for example it may be desirable that initially the ball should be slighted through relatively long sighting areas SO in the eye-pieces and that the sighting areas should be progressively reduced in length as practice proceeds and as the wearer gains more ability to avoid head movement when, addressing the ball The use of shutters movable relatively to scales marked on the eye-pieces will enable the progressive reduction in the length of the sighting areas to be readily measured. By way of example, the horizcntal sighting area may be substantially one-eighth of an inch wide and at least one-quarter, preferably at least three-eighths, of an inch long. The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the drawing accompanying the provisional specification of application No 22705/55 which illustrates a perspective view of one embodiment.

In this embodiment the sighting device is built after the manner of a pair of spectacles, having a front frame section comprising a bridge 1 interconnecting two eye-piece holding portions 2, and pivotally attached ear-pieces 3 Eye-pieces 4 mounted in the portions 2 consist of opaque material and are formed with narrow horizontal slits, 5 forming the sighting areas through which an object such as a ball may be viewed by a wearer of the device. A pair of shutters such as 6 is pivotally mounted on the front of each eye-piece 4 by means of a common pivot pin 7 Each of the shutters is provided with an upstanding tongue or finger piece '8 by which the shutter may be readily moved by a finger-tip of the wearer. Each shutter can be swung over one end of its corresponding slit and thus the two slits can be adjusted to vary both the effective length of sighting areas and their relative spacing This adjustment is rendered more precise by the provision of indicator portions or pointers such as 9 on, the lower edge of the shutters, which cooperate with scales 10 marked on each eye-piece below the slit therein By reference to these scales the shutters may be set at predetermined positions and the lateral positions or effective lengths of the slits adjusted by predetermined, amounts.

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* GB785225 (A)

Description: GB785225 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Therapeutic preparations containing tetracycline

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,2295 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: Dec 16, 1954. No 36520/54. Application made in United States of America on Dec 17, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 23, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 81 ( 1), B 1 (D: N: Q: R: S: Z), B 2 (D: N: Q: R: S: Z). International Classification:-A 61 k. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Therapeutic Preparations containing Tetracycline We, BRISTOL LABORATORIES LIMITED, formerly known as The Angier Chemical Company Limited, a British Company, of 211 Blackfriars Road, London, S E 1, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement: The present invention relates to compositions useful in antibacterial therapy and, more particularly, to compositions comprising tetracycline and at least one additional drug. According to the present invention there is provided a therapeutic composition comprising tetracycline free base or a non-toxic metal or acid addition salt thereof, and at least one additional drug consisting of a sulpha drug, a vitamin, neomycin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, penicillin, chlorotetracycline, oxytetracycline or a non-toxic salt thereof or a hormone effective in increasing the resistance of the body to stress. The additional drug may be a multiple combination of the above drugs. The name tetracycline is used herein in a generic sense to include the free base including the anhydrous form and the tri-hydrate and non-toxic metal and acid addition salts of the j free base. More particularly, the present invention includes compositions comprising tetracycline and one or more of the following drugs: Sulpha drugs, (e g sulphadiazine, sulphamerazine, sulphamethazine, sulphabenzamide, sulphacetamide, sulphanilamide, sulphapyridine, sulphathiazole, sulphapyrazine, sulphaguanidine, sulphathalidine, sulphasuxidine, sulphisoxazole, sulphamylon, phthalylsulphacetamide, NI-3,4-dimethylbenzoylsulphanilamide, benzylsulphanilamide and N 1-( 2-quinoxalyl)-sulphanilamide), vitamins (e g Vitamins A, A 1, B 2, B

6, B,12, and members of that family, folic acid and members of that family, Vitamins C, D,, D, and E) and neomycin; in some cases such combinations attack a wider range of organisms or show synergistic efficacy lPrice 3 s 6 d l i a d or provide decreased toxicity with equal efficacy), or hormones (e g cortisone, adrenocotropic hormone). The combination of tetracycline with hormones effective in increasing the resistance of the body to stress has also been found to be very useful in the treatment of certain infectious diseases Hormones effective in increasing-the resistance of the body to stress are ACTH, cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisone and prednisolone Cortisone and/or hydrocortisone are substances secreted by the adrenals and have a very important metabolic function ACTH is a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland which controls the secretion of cortisone or hydrocortisone Prednisone and prednisolone are chemical derivatives of cortisone and hydrocortisone with a more powerful action. Multiple combinations of added agents are often useful, e g sulphadiazine and sulphamerazine to provide equal efficacy and reduced toxicity; substantially equal amounts of a nontoxic acid addition salt of streptomycin (sulphate; levo pimaric-6, 8 a-cis-endosuccinate) and a non-toxic acid addition salt of dihydrostreptomycin (sulphate; sulphate iodide) to provide equal efficacy and reduced toxicity; multiple vitamins; highly watersoluble salts of penicillin (e g potassium) with moderately water-insoluble salts of penicillin (e.g procaine). The combination of tetracycline (or a salt thereof) with chlorotetracycline (or a salt thereof), preferably but not necessarily in a ratio in the range of 1: 10 to 10: 1 by weight, is found to be of particular value in providing increased activity and desgcreased toxicity Such a combination of tetracycline with either chlorotetracycline or oxytetracycline may also be used to advantage to replace tetracycline alone in any of the combinations of the present invention. The active ingredients of the present invention, are used as a simple powder, as tablets, as troches, as lozenges or in capsules Aqueous suspensions are prepared in advance or in situ when the stability of other added agents (e g. potassium benzyl-penicillin) so requires, and are a highly acceptable oral dosage form A particularly useful oral dosage form is a suspension in a palatable, acceptable edible oil; coconut oil is preferred, particularly when liquid at room temperature or free of tristearin and gelled with an aluminium stearate The active ingredients of the present invention are admixed with suitable buffers or pharmaceutical additives, preservatives, diluents, binders, lubricants, masticatory substances, colours, flavours, suspending

agents, dispersing agents, resuspending agents, and stabilizing agents as desired. The active ingredients of the present invention are presented for parenteral use as a suspension in an injectable oil (e g peanut oil), as a suspension in a gelled injectable oil (e g. peanut oil gelled with 2 % aluminium monostearate), as an aqueous suspension or as a powder to which a sterile, aqueous diluent is added before use to generate an injectable suspension These aqueous suspensions often advantageously contain non-toxic suspending or dispersing agents, such as sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, gum tragacanth, gelatin, pectin, alginates, dextrans, gum karaya, lecithin, "Spans," "Tweens," Amerchols, inositolphosphoric acids and their non-toxic salts (e g sodium phytate), glyceryl monostearate, Kreelon CD, polyoxyalkylenesorbitols, not more than 2 0 per cent of an injectable oil such as peanut oil and condensation products, having molecular weights greater than 1500, of ethylene oxide with a condensation product of propylene oxide with propylene glycol (e g. Pluronic F 68) On occasion, it is advantageous to actually coat the particles of active ingredients, at least in part, with one of these agents, e g lecithin. The combination of the present invention is presented for topical use in a large variety of pharmaceutical forms These include aqueous or oil solutions or suspensions for use on dressings or by instillation or by direct application The product may be applied directly in dry solid form, using suitable solid diluents as is convenient The combination is useful in ointment form in oils, which may be gelled, in emulsions of oil and water and in aqueous gels prepared for example, from sodium carboxymethylcellulose or propylene glycol and carbowax Anhydrous oils are preferred when the combination is found to be unstable to water under the expected conditions and duration of storage in commercial use The product may be administered in suppositories, in dental cones, or in bougies. Non-aqueous ointments may have as their base wool fat, petrolatum, cottonseed oil, peanut oil or oxycholesterin derivatives from wool fat. If desired, buffering agents may be added such as sodium citrate or sodium phosphates, as when one of the active ingredients of this invention is an alkali metal salt of penicillin. When appropriate, the suspensions may be buffered by the addition of free acids, e g. citric acid or phosphoric acid If appropriate, a stabilizing agent for penicillin is added, such as hexamethylenetetramine or sodium phytate. Small amounts of preservative are often used, e.g phenol, cresol, or

alkyl esters of phydroxybenzoic acid Useful variations in the properties of the active ingredients of the present invention are obtained by altering particle size or shape, as by varying procedures of crystallization or, more easily, by mechanical means such as grinding, hammer-milling, pulverizing, or micronizing When using tetracycline free base, either the anhydrous form or the trihydrate is used; the trihydrate is not used where its water of hydration will make the product unstable as determined by simple test. Following is a description by way of example of methods of carrying the invention into effect. EXAMPLE I. Magnesium stearate ( 5 7 g), oil of peppermint U S P ( 1 5 cc), 60 mesh potassium penicillin G ( 35 g), 60 mesh Ca CO, starch ( 178 2 g) and 60 mesh tetracycline hydro 95 chloride ( 50 g) are mixed, slugged, ground to pass through a #26 mesh screen and tabletted to make 500 tablets. EXAMPLE II. Magnesium stearate ( 5 7 g), oil of pepper 100 mint U S P ( 1 5 cc), 60 mesh chlorotetracycline hydrochloride ( 50 g), 60 mesh Ca CO,starch ( 178 2 g) and 60 mesh tetracycline hydrochloride ( 50 g) are mixed, slugged, ground to pass through a #26 mesh screen 105 and tabletted to make 500 tablets. EXAMPLE III. Lecithin-coated pulverized tetracycline trihydrate and Vitamin B,, are weighed into blenders under sterile conditions, blended for 110 six days, filled under sterile conditions into a vial and reconstituted before use by the addition of sterile water to give approximately one therapeutic dose of each ingredient per cc. EXAMPLE IV 115 Lecithin-coated pulverized tetracycline trihydrate and procaine penicillin G are weighed into blenders under sterile conditions, blended for six days, filled under sterile conditions into a vial and reconstituted before use 120 by the addition of sterile water to give approximately one therapeutic dose of each ingredient per cc. EXAMPLE V. Lecithin-coated pulverized tetracycline tri 125 hydrate and A C T H are weighed into blenders, under sterile conditions, blended for six days, filled under sterile conditions into a vial and reconstituted before use by the addition of sterile water to give approximately one 130 785,225 tion of sterile water to give approximately one therapeutic dose of each ingredient per cc. EXAMPLE VII. The following ingredients are mixed under sterile conditions and filled into 2-ounce bottles:

therapeutic dose of each ingredient per cc. EXAMPLE VI. Lecithin-coated pulverized tetracycline trihydrate and streptomycin sulphate are weighed into blenders under sterile conditions, blended for six days, filled under sterile conditions into a vial and reconstituted before use by the addiFormulation Number Ingredients Pulverized Sugar Soluble saccharin g 24 0 24 0 24 0 24 0 g 0 3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Sodium benzoate Anhydrous sodium citrate, U.S P. g 0 06 0 06 g 0 12 0 12 0.06 0 06 0.12 0 12 g 1 20 1 20 1 20 Potassium alginate g 0 20 0 20 0 20 0 20 Tetracycline trihydrate Sulphadiazine Sulphamerazine g 1 20 g 12 0 g. 1.20 1 20 4 0 Sulphamethazine Anethole g. ml 0 02 4.0 02 0 02 0 02 These mixtures are reconstituted by the addition of sterile water (q s ad 2 oz) and administered orally. EXAMPLE VIII. Soluble saccharin ( 0 60 g), "Sucaryl" ( 4 g), powdered sugar ( 20 g), d-sorbitol ( 8 g), potassium alginate ( 6 g), tetracycline hydrochloride ( 4 g), and chlorotetracycline hydrochloride ( 4 g) are well mixed (q s ad 200 cc) into one of the following bases. Base #1 is composed of 100 % coconut oil. Base #2 is composed of 100 % coconut oil sufficiently free of tristearin, to be liquid at 600 F. Base #3 is composed of 80 % coconut oil and 20 % peanut oil. Base #4 is composed of 95 % coconut oil and 5 % peanut oil. Base #5 is composed of 95 % coconut oil and 5 % peanut oil. Base #6 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % peanut oil, gelled with 1 % aluminium monostearate. Base #7 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % peanut oil gelled with 2 % aluminium monostearate. Base # 8 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % mineral oil gelled with 2 % aluminium monostearate. Base #9 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % mineral oil gelled with 1 % aluminium monostearate. Base # 10 is composed of 90 % coconut oil and 10 % mineral oil. Base # 11 is composed of 100 % coconut oil gelled with 2 % aluminium monostearate. "Spans", "Tweens" and "Sucaryl" are Registered Trade Marks.

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* 5.8.23.4; 93p

* GB785226 (A)

Description: GB785226 (A) ? 1957-10-23

Improvements in or relating to circuits for detecting an auxiliary carrierlying within the band of a television signal

Description of GB785226 (A)

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BE534645 (A) CH328924 (A) DE946292 (C) FR1118873 (A) NL103745 (C) US2935568 (A) BE534645 (A) CH328924 (A) DE946292 (C) FR1118873 (A) NL103745 (C) US2935568 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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PATENT SPECIFICATION 7895226 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Jan 4, 1955. No 195/55. Application made in Netherlands on Jan 5, 1954. Complete Specification Published Oct 23, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Class 40 ( 3), F 3 B. International Classification: -H 04 n. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Circuits for Detecting an Auxiliary Carrier Lying within the Band of a Television Signal We, PHILIPS ELECTRICAL INDUSTRIES LIMITED, of Spencer House, South Place,

Finsbury, London, E C 2, a British company, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - The invention relates to a circuit for detecting an auxiliary carrier lying within the band allocated to a main television signal Such an auxiliary carrier may serve for example for transmitting a further television signal having a smaller band-width than the first-mentioned signal In colour television a first or main signal, having a relatively large band-width, may contain, for example, information about the brightness of a scene to be reproduced, and the signal on the auxiliary carrier may have a narrower band-width and contain information about the colour In a trichrome system the auxiliary carrier may be modulated for a given period by a first auxiliary signal relating to a first colour, for a next following period by a second auxiliary signal relating to a second colour, for the further following period again by the first auxiliary signal relating to the first colour and so forth Or the comparatively wide band allocated to the main signal may contain two auxiliary carriers, each of which is modulated by a signal relating to a given colour content of 'he picture. Such systems have the advantage that at the receiver the auxiliary signals can be reproduced simply by rectification, i e without auxiliary carriers having to be generated in the receiver with the correct frequency and phase and mixed with the incoming auxiliary carriers. It is known that with both simultaneous and alternate transmission of the auxiliary signals, interference occurs in the reproduction of the image produced by the main signal and results from the presence of the auxiliary carriers with the signals modulated thereon If there is only one auxiliary carrier within the frequency band of lPrice 3 s 6 d 1 the main signal and if the image consists of an odd number of lines in two interlaced frames, the interference produced by the auxiliary carrier appears in practice not to be troublesome to the eye if the frequency of the auxiliary carrier is an odd-numbered multiple of half the line frequency This result arises from the fact that, with this choice of the auxiliary carrier frequency, interference on a given line is neutralized for the most part during the next following scanning of that line since the phase-difference between two elements of the auxiliary carrier at two instants spaced apart by one image period is,r radians. Strictly speaking, this applies only to the case in which the signals modulating the auxiliary carrier do not vary from image to image However, provided that the variation is not great, it will, as is

known, also be true to a good approximation for signals whose form changes slightly from frame to frame Morover, the energy of the auxiliary carrier is in general small in comparison with the energy of the main signal. In systems using more than one auxiliary carrier, methods are also known for suppressing as far as possible interference from the auxiliary carriers in the image produced by the main signal. Conversely, interference due to the main signal occurs in the image produced by the signal modulating the auxiliary carrier It can be proved that the latter interference, considered as constituting sidebands of the auxiliary carrier, has the same phase relationship on a given line during successive scans as the interference produced by the auxiliary carrier in the image produced by the main signal, so that, like the latter interference, it is not troublesome to the eye to any material extent. If the auiliary signal is demodulated with the aid of an auxiliary carrier produced in the receiver and having the same frequency and phase as the corresponding carrier at the transmitter, i e by synchronous demodulation, the harmonics of the main signal will behave as side-bands of the auxiliary carrier; this will 785,226 also be the case if the detection is carried out by means of a diode or other non-linear element and if the auxiliary carrier is strong enough in comparison with the interfering components of the main signal. However, as has been stated above, the auxiliary carrier will, as a rule, be relatively weak and, if the depth of modulation of the auxiliary carrier is 100 per cent, it may even happen that for some time the auxiliary carrier is not present In this case, however, the interference is constituted by a signal which is independent of the phase and frequency of the auxiliary carrier and thus the above-mentioned phase relationship on a given line of the image during successive scans does not occur, so that the interference will be troublesome. It is an object of the invention to provide an improved circuit in which the above disadvantage is mitigated. According to the invention a circuit for demodulating an auxiliary carrier which lies within the frequency band allocated to a main television signal and is modulated by an auxiliary television signal, is characterised in that the said signals are applied to a filter which passes the auxiliary carrier with its sidebands, the output of the filter being applied to a first detector circuit which detects one envelope and to a second detector circuit which detects the other envelope, both detectors being biased in the conducting direction and the detected signals being combined in such a way that the desired signals are added together which interference is substantially

neutralized. Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawing in which:Figure 1 shows the spectrum of a television signal with an auxiliary carrier lying within the band occupied by the main signal; Figures 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 are curves assisting explanation of the invention, and Figure 5 shows a circuit in accordance with the invention. Figure 1 shows the frequency spectrum of a main television signal with frequencies between 0 and f,, and of an auxiliary carrier lying within the frequency band of the main signal and having a frequency fh and sidebands between fa and fb. The frequency fh of the auxiliary carrier is chosen to be such that the interference caused by the auxiliary carrier with its sidebands in the image corresponding to the main signal is substantially imperceptible to the eye If the image is built up from an odd number of lines, the frequency of the auxiliary carrier may, as is known, be chosen to be an odd-numbered multiple of half the line frequency. In order to detect the signal modulating the auxiliary carrier, the total signal will be fed to a band-pass filter by which the frequencies between fa and fb can be selected From Figure 1 it will be evident that in this case those components of the main signal which lie within this range will also pass through the band-pass filter If the energy of the latter components is 70 small in comparison with the energy of the auxiliary carrier, these components may, as has been stated above, be considered, even with non-synchronous detection as side-band components of the auxiliary carrier, and owing to 75 the manner in which the frequency of the auxiliary carrier has been chosen, interference due to the main signal and appearing in the image conveyed by the auxiliary carrier will also be substantially imperceptible to the eye 80 However, if the auxiliary carrier is of small amplitude in comparison with these interfering components, or if the auxiliary carrier disappears temporarily, this is no longer the case. Figure 2 shows various forms of signal in 85 the output of the band-pass filter, the amplitude A of the signal being plotted as a function of time t The full line between the instants t= 0 and t=t 1 represents the modulated auxiliary carrier, and the broken lines the envelope 90 of this auxiliary carrier During a period At 2, the main signal is assumed to produce interference which is weak in comparison with the amplitude of the auxiliary carrier and which appears as modulation of the auxiliary carrier 95 During period At, the interference in the absence of the auxiliary carrier is indicated If such a signal is applied to a detector circuit comprising a

unidirectional element with an associated resistance-capacity network, it is 100 found that a signal as shown in Figure 3 is produced If this signal is applied to a control element of a television picture tube, the interference occurring during period At is found to be substantially imperceptible to the eye 105 because the output signal of the detector one frame period later has the compensating waveform indicated in Figure 4, where T designates the duration of one frame period The interference during At 2 has a polarity opposite to 110 that of the interference during A\(T+t J), owing to the choice of the frequency of the auxiliary carrier Owing to the persistence of vision, only the average of the interference is observed and this is zero However, the inter 115 ferences occurring in periods A t, and A(T+t,) have the same polarity and thus reinforce one another. In a situation intermediate between the cases discussed above, viz a situation in which dur 120 ing interference the auxiliary carrier is present, but not to an extent sufficient to avoid overmodulation, the interference in the detector output can be split up into two components, one of which behaves like the interference dur 125 ing At,, which is thus compensated by interference during A(T+t), while the other behaves like the interference during At,, which is thus reinforced by interference during A(T+t,) 130 785,226 Figure 5 shows a circuit in accordance with the invention The television signal shown in Figure 1 is fed to input terminals P and Q of the bandpass filter BF, which passes the auxiliary carrier with its sidebands The output signal of BF is first applied to the control grid of an amplifying tube V and a corresponding signal is derived from the cathode resistor Rk of this tube The direct voltage across Rk, produced by the direct anode current flowing through the tube, may be assumed to be of the order of a volt, for instance The cathode of the tube is connected to the anode of a diode D, and to the cathode of a diode D, The cathode of D, is connected to earth through the parallel combination of a resistor R, and a circuit L, C, tuned to the frequency of the auxiliary carrier The anode D, is connected through the parallel combination of a resistor R and a circuit L, CQ, also tuned to the frequency of the auxiliary carrier, to the positive terminal of a battery having a voltage of 2 a, the negative terminal of the battery being connected to earth. For satisfactory operation of the circuit it is desirable that the characteristics of the elements D,, R,, L, and C, should be substantially identical with those of the corresponding elements D,, R,, L and C, The direct voltages on the diodes are also so adjusted as to be identical If the signal across Rk has the waveform shown in Figure 2, the signal shown in Figure 6 will appear across RI with the form indicated and not that indicated in Figure 3, which would be

produced by a conventional detector without the requisite biasing voltage. The biasing voltage enables the negative parts of the interference to appear across the resistor. A signal have the wave-form shown in Figure 7 will appear across the resistor R, This signal is constituted by the lower envelope of the signal shown in Figure 2 and, apart from the interference during At,, it is identical in form with the signal across the resistor R, but has opposite polarity; the interfering voltages during At, are, however, identical in both form and plurality. If the two envelopes are combined so that the desired signals are added together (in the case illustrated in Figures 6 and 7 one would be subtracted algebraically from the other) the resultant signal is free from interference during At, The interference during At, is not suppressed, but its influence is neutralized to the eye by interference of opposite polarity which occurs one frame period later. The signal E, across resistor R, may be denoted by (e+s) and the signal -E, across resistor R, by (-e+s) where e designates the envelope without the interference during At, and S is exactly equal to that interference. In order to obtain the desired signal (El++E,), the component E, may for example be applied to the control grid of a tube B, and E, to the control grid of a tube B The two tubes, which must have substantially identical properties, have a common cathode resistor R, and are connected to a common anode supply through anode resistors R and R, Across each of the resistors R and R, there appears a signal which is proportional to the desired signal EB,+E,, since the alternating current i, through R, is il=S(Ei-En) and the alternating current i 2 through R, is i,=S(-E -Ek), where S designates the mutual or dynamic conductance of the tubes B, and B, and Ek the cathode voltage If it is assumed that the alternating current through R, is equal to (i,+i,), which is approximately the case, (ii + i J) is equal to S(E,-E 1,-2 Ek), which=EJR,,, so that:SR 3, (E, 2), 2 R, S+ 1 from which it follows that: S.E,(RS+l)+ESR,. 1 % + 2 R, S + 1 R% is so chosen that RS>>l, so that: il= 12 S(E,+E,,) 85 The current i, is opposite to il. It has been found by experiments that the operation of a circuit according to the invention is adversely affected by band-pass filters having sharply defined cut-off frequencies 90 Even with a band-pass filter having the characteristic shown in Figure 8 by broken lines materially improved results ae obtained by means of the invention as compared with the use of one simple detector, but with certain 95 forms of the main signal the experienced observer can still perceive irregularities in the image conveyed by the auxiliary carrier They are

found to vanish substantially entirely when a band-pass filter having the characteristic 100 shown in Figure 8 by full lines is used, the low-frequency cut-off in particular being preferably very gradual If the coupling capacitor C (Figure 5) is of comparatively small capacity, the band-pass filter BF may be dispensed with 105 if desired. It is, of course, not necessary to use diodes as the rectifying elements It is, however, essential that both the positive and the negative parts of the interfering wave-form should 110 be retained, i e rectifiers without bias voltage must not be used. The use of circuits L,, C 1 and L,, C, as shown in Figure 5, instead of the usual resistance shunted by capacity, is to be preferred 115 owing to the fact that the maximum modulation frequency of the auxiliary carrier (f,, to Ia) or (f, to f,) is not very small in comparison with the frequency fj of the auxiliary carrier With a suitable choice of L, CQ and L, C, the low 120 pass filter which usually follows the detector may be dispensed with if desired.

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* GB785227 (A)

Description: GB785227 (A) ? 1957-10-23

A new or improved carrier or packing for fragile objects

Description of GB785227 (A)

COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. A New or improved Carrier or Packing for Fragile Objects. We, J. DRINK LIMITED, a British Company. of The Airport, Portsmouth, Hampshire, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be

performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement This invention concerns a new or improved carrier or packing for fragile objeets and particularly those of a hollow globular-like form, and the invention has particular referpence to a carrier or packing (hereinafter called a " carrier") for chocolate and like Easter eggs although it could be used with equal facility for packing other fragile objects such as, for example, electric lamps, wireless valves, bottles. tumblers. wine glasses and so forth, all herein included in the term "fragile articles". Fragile articles have to be transported from the manufacturers to wholesalers, retailers and the public and frequently are damaged in transit due to shock or vibration in handling and in transit, and it is an object of this invention to provide an improved form of carrier for such articles and which will reduce the danger of damage thereto. The difficulty of transporting globular fragile articles without damage is particularly noticeable in the case of hollow chocolate and like Easter eggs which are of a very frangible and brittle character, usually having very thin walls, and this invention is particularly directed to providing an improved form of carrier for chocolate and like Easter eggs. According to this invention there is provided a carrier for a fragile article, sueb carrier comprising a cradle of approximately U-form with two hollow arms and wherein such cradle is constructed from a blank in which the inner. outer and free-end walls of the' arms of the cradle, and the connecting portion therebetween, are all formed by a series of relatively foldable inter-connected panels arranged end-to-end to form a continuous strip, and side flaps furnished with co-operating locking means are provided both on the outer wall of each of the said arms and on the said connecting portion between such arms, the side flaps on the latter being adapted, when the cradle is erected, to interlock with the side flaps on the connecting portion by means of said co-operating locking means so that the said arms of the cradle are substantially rigidly braced together whilst the inner walls of said hollow arms or parts of the said inner walls are of a resilient character, and are adapted to receive and locate between them the article to be supported. Preferably the connecting portion of the cradle extending between the said two arms will include a somewhat resilient or yielding platform part against, or in, which may engage the article positioned between the said two arms. The said platform or platform part may be formed from the same blank as the remainder of the cradle, or from a separate blank.

Where the article to be carried is an Easter egg or is of a shape similar to that of an Easter egg, for example, the two arms of the cradle may each have a hole or recess located in its inner wall, these holes respectively serving to locate with respect to the said arms opposite ends of the article against both endwise or axial movement and movement in all directions transverse to its axis. A side portion of the egg or like article lying between the end portions thereof may also be arranged to rest resiliently on the connecting portion of the cradle extending between the cradle arms of the said platform or platform part (where this is provided), and conveniently the latter may also have a hole or recess into which the said side portion of the egg or article may seat and, in addition or alternatively, may have a yielding part or parts which can be resiliently displaced by the side of the egg when the egg is inserted at its ends into the holes or recesses in the said arms of the cradle. The outer extremities of the arms of the cradle may be inwardly bevelled or flared, or square, or of other suitable form. The said cradle may be used either with its arms in vertical positions or in horizontal positions, as desired. According to a further feature of the invention a lid (which may be folded up from a blank) is provided for use with the aforementioned cradle, such lid being adapted to fit over the free ends of the said cradle arms still further to brace them together during transit. In order that the invention may be more readily understood and further features thereof clearly appreciated, one embodiment of the same will now be described as applied to a carrier for a chocolate Easter egg and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a front perspective view showing the embodiment of the Easter egg carrier and taken from one side of, and above the latter; Figure 2 is a similar view to Figure 1, but taken from the opposite side to this Figure and from below; Figure 3 is a front elevation of the carrier shown in Figures 1 and 2; Figure 4 is a plan view of the blank from which the carrier shown in Figures I to 3 is mainly constructed, and; Figures b and 6 are plan views respectively of two alter'native forms of blank for use as a platform for the carrier shown in Figures 1 to 4. As will be seen from Figures 1 to 3 of the drawings, the carrier comprises a cradle of approximately U-form made from two light weight cardboard blanks, namely a blank 1 such as shown in Figure 4 and a blank 2 or such as shown in Figures 5 and 6 respectively. The cradle comprises a base 3 forming a connecting portion between two arms 4 and 5 which project in parallelism perpendicularly from the

ends of such base 3. The blanks from which the cradle is made are folded up to form the cradle and give it a substantial rigid external form but so as to furnish the cradle with double walls, i.e. inner and outer walls of which the former serve to support an egg, such as that indicated in dotted lines at 6, resiliently, wholly or primarily by making use of the natural resilience of the cardboard of the cradle, although this resilience may be supplemented by, for example, suitably severing parts of the cardboard as will be more fully explained hereinafter The blank 1 shown in Figure 4 serves to form the two side arms 4 and 5 and the outer wall of the base of the cradle whilst the inner will of such base constitutes a platform which is formed by one of the blanks ' or 2a shown in Figures 5 and 6 respcctively. The blank shown in Figure 4 is the main blank and comprises an oblong central panel 7 and eight other panels S, 9, 10, 11 and 81, 91, 101 and 111 arranged in two successions of four respectively located beyond each end of the central panel 7, all the panels being joined integrally together by folding creases which are all parallel to one another and at right angles to the longitudinal edges of the said central panel. In one example the overall length of the blank, including all the aforementioned panels, is about l9g" whilst its width is about 31D but it will be understood that these dimensions and those given subsequently are only mentioned by way of example and may be varied to suit any particular requirements. The central panel 7 is conveniently about 44e long whilst the panels S, 81 are each about 34 long, the panels 9, 91 about 1" long, the panels 10, 101 about 2, 1"' long and the end panels 11, 111 about " long, the lengths of the panels being the dimensions measured longitudinally of the whole blank. As the blank is 3" wide it will be appreciated that the widths of a number of the panels considerably esceeds the lengths of these panels measured in the direction above mentioned. The panels 8, 81 are intended to be folded up with respect to the central panel 7 until they estend upwardly therefrom at right angles thereto, whilst the panels 9, 91 are folded inwardly and downwardly at an angle of about 45 to the upstanding panels 8, 81. The panels 10, 101 are folded down into vertical positions parallel to, but spaced inwardly from, the panels 8, 81 respectively whilst the panels 11, 111 are respectively folded inwardly at right-angles to the panels 10, 10t so as both to bear on the central panel 7 of the blank. Thus a tJ- shaped cradle is provided which has two upstanding arms 4 and 5 located one at each end of the oblong central panel 7 of the blank and these upstanding arms are of hollow construction, each

having parallel vertical inner and outer walls. It will be noticed that the panels LO, 101 are shorter than the panels 8 and 81 but that, because of the downward inclination of the panels 9, 91, the lower ends of the panels 10, 101, and the panels ll 111. seat on the central panel 7. Along each longitudinal edge of the central panel 7 is formed respectively a narrow marginal flap 12, 12' joined to the said panel by a folding crease and adapted to be folded upwardly so as to project from the central panel at right-angles thereto and in each of these flaps is provided a pair 13 or 131 of locking slots located one at a distance from each end of the flap 12, 1, these locking slots being of curvilinear form and adapted to receive co-operating locking tongues shortly to be described. The panels 8, S1 are provided along each longitudinal edge with a locking flap, these flaps being respectively marked 14, 141 and each being connected by a folding crease to its panel and each of these flaps has, at the end nearest to the central panel 7, an outwardly extending locking limb 15, the locking flap thus being of approximately L-shape but having a rounded inner corner 16. The locking limb 15 of each locking flap is formed, at its free end, with a locking tongue 17 adapted, when the panel 8, 81 has been moved into its vertical position with respect to the central panel 7 and when the locking flaps 14, 141 on the panel 8, 81 have been turned inwardly through 90 with respect to their panel, to register with one of the locking slots 13, 131 in the longitudinal marginal flap 12, 121 on the same side of the central panel as itself, the arrangement being such that the said locking tongue and slot can be interengaged so as to secure the corresponding panel 8, 81 substantially rigidly in a vertical position with respect to the central panel 7, the locking flaps 14, 141 of the panels 8, 81 closing across the ends of the double walls of the cradle ann defined by the panels 8 and 10 and the panels 81 and 101 respectively. To enable the locking tongues 17 of the said locking flaps 14, 141 to be engaged upwardly into their co-operating locking slots, the end corners of the marginal flaps 12, 121 of the central panel are cut away somewhat thereby facilitating the slight movement of the flaps 8, S1 inwardly beyond a vertical position. Each of the said locking flaps 14, 141 of each of the panels 8, 81 is provided, at the extremity remote from the said locking limb 15, with a bracing flap 17 hingedly connected to the locking flap along an oblique folding crease at approximately 45" to the longitudinal edges of the locking flap, each of these bracing flaps 18 being of a length rather greater than half the width of the blank (e.g. about 2i") so that, when these bracing flaps are turned inwardly through 9() , they

extend across the upturned panel 8, 81 at the upper end thereof and lie, on the inside of this panel, in an inwardly and downwardly inclined plane disposed at about 45" to the panel, 8 81, these two bracing flaps being provided with interlocking end portions 19 to lock them together against separation in the direction of the width of the panel 8, 81. In commencing to assemble the blank the said bracing flaps 1S of each locking fin2 14, 141 are first folded across the blank to raise the associated locking flaps into position at right-angles to the panel 8, 81 and the inner ends of the bracing flaps are then locked together so that, when the two sets of panels 8, 9, 10, and 11, and 81, 91, 101 and 111 are folded up as above described, the bracing flaps are respectively enclosed within the upper parts of the double arms 4 and 5 of the cradle with which they are associated. The panels 9, 91 are not provided with flaps along their longitudinal edges but each of the panels 10, L01, 11, 111 is provided along each longitudinal edge with a narrow flap 20, 901, 21, 211 of approximately the same width as the locking flaps 14, 141 and the longitudinal flaps 12, 121 on the central panel 7, namely, of about Jg" wide. Each of the flaps 20, 211 is connected to its panel through a folding crease so that the flaps can be bent inwardly from the panel 10, 101 at right-angles thereto and these flaps are adapted, in the erected cradle, to tuek within the locking flaps 14, 141 provided on the corresponding panels 8, 81 to assist these locking flaps in closing the ends of the double walled cradle anus. Those ends of the flaps 20, 201 which will be uppermost in the erected cradle arms are cut off obliquely so as to facilitate the intro. duction, during the erection of the cradle, of these flaps between the inturned bracing flaps 18 of the panels 8, 81. The flaps 21, 211 provided at the lorgi tudinal edges of the panels 11, 111 are adapted to tuck within the flaps 11, 111 on the adjacent panels 10, 101 so that, when the cradle is erected, each upstanding arm 4, 5, although hollow, is closed on all sides and edges with the exception of certain egg. positioning holes described hereinafter. It will be appreciated that, when the blank constructed as above described has been erected, an externally substantially rigid cradle is produced but in which the inner walls of the upstanding cradle arms are somewhat outwardly yielding or resilient due to the inherent resiliency in the card- board and also due to the fact that these inner walls of the cradle arms are substantially spaced from the outer walls of such arms. In each of the said inner walls of the up. standing cradle arms is formed a hole (or it could be a recess) 22, 221 to receive one end of an Easter egg, one of the holes (221) preferably being substantially

larger than the other. Both of the said holes may be of any suitable shape; for example both may be circular as shown or one may be circular and the other more or less elliptieal. the arrangement being, in any case, such that the axial length of the egg for which the cradle is intended is greater than the distance (e.g. about 3 5/8") between the apposed inner surfaces of the upstanding arms of the cradle and such that the more pointed end of the egg may first be introduced into the hole in the inside wall of one of the cradle arms whereafter the other end of the egg may be pressed gently laterally between the arms of the cradle so as to snap into the hole in the ilmer wall of the second arm of the cradle, the egg thus being snore or less centralised between the two arms of the cradle and held gently but firmly between these two arms against any substantial movement in the cradle in any direetion parallel to, or transverse of. the axis of the egg. Although the cradle may be used quite satisfactorily without an auxiliary eggsupporting platform such a platform is preferably included and may be located on the central panel 7 of the cradle between the lower ends of the arms 4 and 5 of the latter. This platform may conveniently be formed by a second blank 2 or 2a (see Figures 5 and 6) separate from the main blank 1 already described; this second blank may be rectangular and about 3 5/8" long and 3 3/8" to 3" wide, this blank having, along each of its four edges, a narrow marginal flap 23, 231, 2311, or 23111 hingedly connected thereto by a folding crease and adapted to be folded downwardly at right-angles from the central part 24 of this blank. Two of the opposite marginal flaps (e.g. 23 and 2311) of the blank 2 may have end wings 241 adapted to be bent inwardly at right-angles to their marginal flaps, the whole blank providing a rectangular platform with a dependent perimetrical flange which can be introduced into the base of the cradle between the lower parts of the two arms 4 and 5 of the cradle and within the recess defined by these arms and the longitudinal upturned marginal flaps 12, 121 of the central panel 7 of the cradle blank 1. The centrally unsupported platform has a resiliency inherent in the cardboard from which it is made and preferably has a central hole 25 on the edge of which the lower side part of the egg 6 seats when the egg is inserted into the cradle. By furnishing the said platform with a hole as above described, provision is made for seating the egg well into the cradle and for thereby enabling the latter to be made with shorter arms 4 and 5 than would be necessary were the egg to stand forward clear of the platform. Alternatively, instead of providing the panel 24 forming the platform with a hole 25, or in addition to so doing, this panel may be formed

with a longitudinal central slit 26 (see Figure 6) and two transverse slits 27 so as to provide a pair of partially severed symmetrical portions in the platform forming panel which serve resiliently to support an egg placed in the cradle, these portions being gently downwardly deflected by the egg itself when inserted into the cradle. If desired, a second platform may be provided and be adapted i;r insi,'tion between or over the free ends of the arms of the cradle so as resiliently to engage the egg, or whatever other object is carried by the cradle, on the side thereof remote to that engaged by the first-mentioned platform, and such an additional platform may be similar to this first-mentioned platform and will preferably fit between the outer ends of the said cradle arms which, in this case, will conveniently be of square ended form at their outer ends instead of being chamfered off as shown. If desired, in an alternative arrangement, these marginal portions of the inner walls of the two arms 4 and 5 of the cradle which surround the holes 22 and 221 into which the ends of the Easter egg are adapted to be inserted may be furnished with radial slits or the said holes may be replaced by radially slitted portions of the said walls which form resilient cushions for receiving the ends of the egg. For use in co-operation with the cradle constructed as above described, there may be provided a rectangular lid (not illustrated) having a dependent perimetrical flange, the inside dimensions of the lid being the same as, or slightly less than, the corresponding dimensions of the central panel 7 of the cradle blank so that, when the lid is placed over the free ends of the arms 4 and 5 of the cradle, these are held against separation in transit and preferably even pressed slightly inwardly towards one another by the lid itself on application to the cradle. Such lid may be folded up from a blank. The cradle with its Easter egg may be transported in this condition with its lid in position without any outside container but it may, if desired, be enclosed in a further cardboard or similar box. Moreover, the cradle may, if desired, be enclosed in a transparent or partially transparent easing which may, if desired, replace, or be additional to, the aforementioned lid. The cradle may be supported both for transit and display in a position in which the arms of the cradle are upstanding, or alternatively with the cradle arms horizontally disposed as illustrated. This will probably be the normal method of presentation or display, and advertisement matter may very conveniently appear on the ends of the arms of the cradle.

Although a completely symmetrical cradle has been described above it should be understood that, in some circumstances, it may be desired to make one of the arms of the cradle of greater dimensions, particularly as regards its width, than the other arm, but usually the arms will project from the base panel to precisely the same extent so as to render the application of the lid to the cradle a simple operation. Moreover, although the free ends of the cradle arms have been described above as of inwardly chamfered or bevelled form, one or both of these ends may be of square or other alternative form. if desired. What we claim is 1. A carrier for a fragile article, such carrier comprising a cradle of approximately U-form with two hollow arms and wherein such cradle is constructed from a blank in which the inner, outer and free-end walls of the arms of the cradle. and.the connecting portion therebetween, are all formed by a series of relatively foldable inter-connected panels arranged end-to-end to form a continuous strip, and side flaps furnished with co-operating locking means are provided both on the outer wall of each of the said arms and on the said connecting portion between such arms, the side flaps on the latter being adapted, when the cradle is erected, to interlock with the side flaps on the conneeting portion by means of said co-. operating locking means so that the said arms of the cradle are substantially rigidly braced together whilst the inner walls of said hollow arms or parts of the said inner walls are of a resilient character, and are adapted to receive and locate between them the article to be supported. 2. A carrier according to Claim 1, wherein the connecting portion of the cradle extending between the said two arms includes a somewhat resilient or yielding platform or platform part against, or in, which may engage the article positioned between said arms. 3. A carrier according to Claim 2, wherein the platform or platform part of the cradle is formed from a blank separate from the strip blank constituting the. remainder of the cradle. 4. A carrier according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein the two arms of the cradle each have a hole or recess located in its inner wall, these holes or recesses respectively serving to locate with respect to the said arms opposite portions of the article to be carried by the cradle against both eudwise or axial movement and movement in all direetions transverse to its axis. 5. A carrier according to any one of Claims l to 4. wherein the portion of the carrier between the said two arms is furnished with a hole or recess ilito wiiich a side portion of said article may seat.

6. A carrier according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, wherein the portion of the carrier between the said two arms is furnished with a yielding part or parts adapted to be engaged by a side portion of an article located between the said arms and to be displaced resiliently by such side portion of the article when this is positioned between said arms. 7. A carrier according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the free ends of the said arms of the cradle are inwardly bevelled. 8. A carrier according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a lid or cover is provided to fit over the free ends of the said arms and to brace the latter. 9. A cradle'according to any one of the preceding elaims, wherein the said side flaps furnished with locking means and provided on the outer wall of each arm of the cradle are also furnished with bracing flaps having locking means, the bracing flaps of each arm being arranged to interlock together against separation in the direction of the side-to-side width of the said cradle arm. 10. A carrier according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the said strip blank comprises an oblong central panel. other panels arranged in two successions of four respectively located beyond each end of the said central panel, all these panels being jointed integrally together by folding creases which are parallel to one another and at right-angles to the longitudinal edges of the said central panel and such blank being adapted to be folded up from the said central panel to constitute two hollow arms of the cradle with such central panel comprising said connecting portion between the arms of the cradle whilst those two panels immediately adjacent said central panel form the said outer walls of the arms, some of said blank panels being furnished with marginal flaps in addition to those flaps having locking means and provided on the central panel and on the two panels adjacent to the latter. 11. A carrier for a fragile article, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figures 1 to 5 of the accompanying drawings. 12, A carrier according to Claim t), modified as described with reference to and as shown in Figure 6 of the accompanying drawings. 13. A blank for use in constructing a carrier for a fragile particle, substantially as hereinbefore described with reference to and as shown in Figure 4 of the accompanying drawings. 14. Blanks for use in constructing a carrier for a fragile article. substantially as