47893767 demography ppt

8/3/2019 47893767 Demography Ppt

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DEMOGRAPHICTREND OF INDIA


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DEMOGRAPHY OF INDIA A GLANCE

A. IMPORTANCEB. MEANING AND DEFINITIONC. NATURE OF THE STUDY

* SIZE

* COMPOSITION* DISTRIBUTION

D. DEMOGRAPHIC FEATURES OF INDIA* SIZE AND GROWTH RATE OF POPULATION* DENSITY OF POPULATION* AGE COMPOSITION

* LITERACY RATE* RURAL URBAN DISTRIBUTION OFPOPULATION

E. SOME FACTS AND FIGURES OF OUR POPULATION


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Importance

Study of demography is increasingly assuming more importance notonly in India but all over the world.

Primarily, ever-growing population in developing countries isstraining social, economic and even political system of nations.

The importance of population studies is increasing

There is realization that population explosion is hindering economicdevelopment.

Significance of population studies was realized even in earlier period.

Demography today can neither be ignored by the planners nor policymaker, nor administrators nor by academicians and politicians.


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Meaning and Definition

Demography is the study of changes which take place in population

including its size, distribution and organization. It has been derived

from the Latin word demos meaning people. Hence, it is the

science of people.

As regards definition of this term, it has been defined in various

ways by different authors. Some of these are given below.


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Frank Lorimar

In broad sense demography includes both demographic analysis andpopulation studies. A broad study of demography studies both qualitativeand quantitative aspects of population.

W.G. Brackley

Demography does not deal with the behaviour of individuals but onlywith the aggregate of people. The numerical portrayal of human populationis known as demography.


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Benard Benjamin

The demographer is concerned with the measuring past and forecastingfuture population change.

Thompson and LewisThe most appropriate definition is given by Thompson & Lewis ; that is

The DEMOGRAPHIC studies is concerned with the population, its size,composition and distribution and in changes in these aspects through time,and the causes of there changes as they are related to human welfare.


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UNO

According to UNO under demography we study all determinants andconsequences of population.

Thus, demography deals with study of the components of populationvarieties and chance.


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NATURE OF THE STUDYThree main aspects are concerned under demography.

Size and growth of the population, Composition ofpopulation and Distribution of population.

1. Size : This deals with the number of people living in anarea and what changes are taking place and how thesechanges are affected.

In a demographic study, the concern is not only infinding out

How many people live in a particular area at a given

point of time Whether the number is larger than what it was, but

also,

What would be the likely number in future.

These can be due to increase in the rates of death andbirth, or on account of increased mi ration, etc.


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2. Composition:

Composition of population mainlyrelated to certain characteristics.

Age, Sex & Literacy are most widely usedcharacteristics of population study.

According to Thompson & Lewis compositionof a population affects demographic

processes.


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3. Distribution:

Population distribution study is concernedwith matters like how are the people distributed

what is the nature of changes in population

distribution. To find out the proportion of population living

in advanced urban industrial areas, newlydeveloping out growing urban industrial areas

and rural areas and the ways in which changesare taking place in each category.


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Demographic features of India

It shows mainly the number of people living in a country at aparticular time, the rate at which they are growing and the

composition and distribution of population.

Size and Growth rate of population:

India today possesses about 2.4 percent of the total land area ofthe world but she has to support about 17 percent of the world

population. A study of growth rate of Indias population falls

into four phases.

1891-1921: STAGNANT POPULATION

1921-1951: STEADY GROWTH

1951-1981: RAPID HIGH GROWTH

1981-2001: HIGH GROWTH WITH SIGNS OF SLOWING DOWN


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TABLE -1GROWTH OF POPULATION IN INDIA 1901-2001

YearTotal population

(in Millions)Increase or Decrease ( in

Millions)Percentage increase or

decreaseGrowth Rate

1901 236 -- --

1911 252 +16 5.7

1921 251 -1 -0.3 0.19

1931 279 +28 11.0

1941 319 +40 14.2

1951 361 +42 13.3 1.22

1961 439 +78 21.5

1971 548 +109 24.8

1981 683 +135 24.7 2.14

1991 844 +161 23.5

2001 1027 +183 21.3 1.09


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During the first phase of 20 years ( 1901-1921), the population of India grew by 15

million. The growth rate per annum wasnegligible, i.e. 0.19 percent per annum forthe period.

This stage was characterized by high birth

rate and high death rate. Birth and deathrates were more or less equal during thisperiod.

In this period India was in the first stageof demographic transaction, whichmarked by stagnant population.


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During the second phase of 30 years (1921-1951), the population of India grew by 110million. The growth rate of population

was 1.22 percent per annum. The growthrate was considered as moderate.


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During the third phase (1951-1981), thepopulation of India grew from 361 mnfrom 1951 to 683 mn in 1981. The growth

rate of population during this period was2.14 percent. Compared to previous phasethe growth rate is almost double. It isresulted in population explosion. Thus,

India is now in the second stage ofdemographic transaction when death rateis low but the birth rate is high.


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According to latest estimate thepopulation of India in 2005 is 1.1 billion.And it will increase to 1.4 billion by 2026.

There is a projection that it may surpassChina by 2025. If we compare Indiaspopulation growth with the mostpopulous country in the world China, we

can find the following facts


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WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT 2004

India and China account for nearly 38 percent of the world population.It may be noted that the average annual growth of population has declinedto 1.1 percent in China, where as in India it is still quite high at 1.9percentage.

It is a very interesting fact that India is adding one Australia to its populationevery year and one Japan in every Census.

Country Population InBillion

Annualto total

Growth Rate

India 1.1 17 1.9

China 1.3 21 1.1


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Density of population

The density of population is considered as one of the important

demographic features.

It refers to the average number of persons living per square kilometer of

area within the territory of the country. It can be calculated by dividing the

total population of a country by its total area.

If we compare the figure it was 77 persons living per square km. in 1901, which

became 267 in 1991 and it rose to 324 per sq.km. in 2001.

As per the latest estimate of 2006 the population density per square

kilometer is 338 in India.

However, density of population is very unevenly distributed.


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Age CompositionThe study of age composition is helpful in determining the proportion of the labour

force in the total population. The working age of the population is considered as 15-60.

On this basis percentage distributions of Indias population is shown in the Table -3.

TABLE 3AGE COMPOSITION ( IN PERCENTAGE )

AGE GROUP

Year

0-14 15-59 60+

1961 41.0 53.3 5.7

1971 41.4 53.4 5.2

1981 39.7 54.1 6.2

1991 36.5 57.1 6.4

2001 35.6 58.2 6.3

This figures indicate that the proportion of child population in the 0-14 agegroup was 35.6 percent in 2001.

The principal reason is high birth rate. A high proportion of childrenonly reflects a large proportion of unproductive consumers.

It can be observed that nearly 43 percent of the total populationdepends upon the rest 57 percent of the working population.


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TABLE - 4

POPULATION BY BROAD AGE - GROUPS

( AGE GROUP ) PERCENTAGE POPULATION

YEAR 0-14 15-59 60+ TOTAL

2006 32.1 60.4 7.5 100

2011 29.1 62.6 8.3 100

2016 26.8 63.9 9.3 100

2021 25.1 64.2 10.7 100

2026 23.3 64.3 12.4 100

As the figure shows there is decline in the child population in 2006. It is reflectin lower birth rate.The dependency ratio is also declining. That is in 2006 nearly 40% of ourpopulation depends on the rest 60%.

By 2020 25% of the Indias population will be under 15 and 64% will be in theworking age group.And by this time the US will require 17 million workers, Japan 9 million, China10 million and Russia 6 million.India can earn a rich demographic dividend if it sets about giving its youngpeople the right skills.


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Sex Composition

Sex composition gives us an idea about the number of females in a regionper 1000 males.

TABLE 5SEX RATIO IN INDIA

Year Females / 1000 Males1981 934

1991 927

2001 933

2006 932

It can be seen that there is a slight improvement in the sex ratio in 2001compared to 1991 census. Among the various states of India, Kerala aloneshows a higher proportion of female 1058 per 1000 males in 2001. In Orissa it is972 per 1000 males. It is lowest in Harayana ( 861/1000) followed by Punjab(874/1000) and U.P. ( 898/1000). It is observed that poverty and IMR are the twomain determining factors of a declining sex ratio.

Lit R t


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Literacy RateThe quality of population can be judged from life expectancy, the level ofliteracy and the level of technical training of the people of a country. It is

presented in a Tabular formTABLE 6LITERACY RATE IN INDIA

Year Persons Male Female

1991 52.2 64.1 39.3

2001 65.4 75.8 54.1

One important and widely accepted parameter of Human Development isthe percentage of literate people in the total population.

Kerala has the highest literacy rate of 90.92 percent and Bihar has the

lowest percentage of literates ( 47.53). In Orissa it is 63.61.

The overall literacy level in India is 65% which is far below the cent percentlevel of literacy achieved in Australia, Canada, UK and the US.


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Rural Urban Distribution of Population

Another notable feature of a countrys population is the distribution pattern

of the population in rural and urban areas.

Urbanization is taken as an index for economic development.

Urbanization refers to the settlement of people in the urban areas coming

from rural areas. This takes place because of the growth of industries,

availability of education and health care facilities, development of transport

and communication and greater areas for employment.

Higher rate of growth of population leads to the increase of the member of

rural labours seeking employment. They come to the urban sector,increasing the number of the urban population. In India rural-urban

migration has been visibly observed in our demographic scenario. It can be

observed from the table.


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TABLE - 7RURAL URBAN DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

1921 Rural Urban Percentage increase in urban Population

1921 88.7 11.3 --

1931 87.8 12.2 +19.1

1941 85.9 14.1 +32.1

1951 82.7 17.3 +43.2

1961 82.0 18.0 +25.3

1971 80.1 19.9 +38.0

1981 76.7 23.3 +46.8

1991 74.3 25.7 +35.6

2001 72.2 27.8 +31.2

It can be visible from the table that rural urban migration has become a persistentand continues phenomenon in our demographic map. Migration is a criticalaspect of the demographic trends. Currently 27.8% of the population is urbanizedin India but this is expected to rise to 40.7% by 2030 and even more.


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SOME OF THE RAPID URBANIZARS ARE

RAPID URBANIZARS

2007 2015 2025

PUNJAB 37 40.8 45.8

GUJURAT 39.3 41.7 44.8

TAMILNADU 50.9 59.1 68.7

MAHARASTRA 44.9 48.0 51.9

MIZORAM 52.0 54.8 58.3

SLOW URBANIZARS

2007 2015 2025

WESTBENGAL 28.3 28.7 29.2

BIHAR 10.5 10.5 10.5

ASSAM 14.2 16.0 18.4

UP 21.5 22.5 23.5

ORISSA 16.1 17.6 19.7

INDIA 29.2 31.1 33.3


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It is evident that urbanization is a very slow process in India. With a

showing down of the population growth rate in the coming decades and

with an acceleration in the tempo of industrialization, it is expected that the

extent of urbanization in India may show a significant change.

Thus, the study of demography is of utmost importance due to its

application in solving many population problem, may it be political,

economic, social and administrative.

Particularly economy of a country cannot be studied independently of itspopulation and as such economic development.

The increasing growth rate of population lowers per capita income,

standard of living and put pressure as limited Natural Resources, food

supply, housing, education, employment, health etc.

Demography as a subject is increasingly becoming popular on account of

their practical utility in every walk of life. it is also assuming popularity and

importance because it is closely related to other subjects of social sciences.


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Rural Urban Income Disparity

Over 73 % of people live in rural area,while they get only 48 % of Nationalincome.

It also shows the per capita incomedifferential between rural and urbansector.

The ratio of rural - urban per capitaincome ahs been increasing indicating thatPCI in the urban areas is almost threetimes that of rural areas.


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Income disparity betweenStates

There was a sharp increase in regionalinequality in India during the 1990s.

In 2002-2003, the per capita Net State Domestic

Product (NSDP) of the richest state, Punjab, wasabout 4.7 times that of Bihar, the poorest state.

This ratio had increased from 4.2 in 1993-1994.The time-series graph of this ratio shows that thedisparity between the richest and poorest stateshot up remarkably during the 1990s


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SOME FACTS ONE SHOULD KNOW ABOUT OURPOPULATION

The growth rate of the labour force is faster than that of the

population. While the population is expected to grow by 1.4% perannum during the eleventh plan period the labour force is expectedto grow by 2%.

The Teacher Pupil ratio in Indian primary schools is 1:41, while inChina it is 1:21.

Female labour force participation rate has increased marginallyfrom 42% in 1990 to 45% in 2005.

According to UNESCO 13.5 million Indian children are not enrolledin schools.

There are also 40 million slums in India.

Although the task is tough if India provides the right environment for the armyof young people then it can became a prosperous nation. If not it will remain apoor country.


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Thank You

47893767 demography ppt

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