BOAT CREW STUDY GUIDE

BOAT CREW STUDY GUIDERESPONSIBILITIES:

- Helm

- Lookout

- Towing Watch

- Anchor Watch

- Rig towing and Mooring lines

- Act as the Surface Swimmer

- Administer First Aid

- Damage Control

FIRST AID:

Shock: Shock is a depressed physiological or mental state. Shock syndrome, a set of symptoms which occur together, can change throughout treating an injury and are unique for every casualty. Signs and symptoms may develop rapidly or be delayed for up to several hours after the apparent cause. The symptoms usually precede the signs. Several types of shock exist, therefore, recognizing and treating shock immediately is important. Some syndromes do not appear in every casualty nor are they equally noticeable. BCSM 5-4

Causes: Trauma (bleeding, blunt (e.g., a fall, being struck by a blunt object, etc.), fractures, and burns).

Allergic reactions.

Hypothermia.

Drugs.

Toxins.

Heart attack.

Illnesses such as diabetes.

Emotional.Symptoms: Restlessness.

Fainting.

Thirst.

Nausea.

Weakness.

Anxiousness.

Fright.

Dizziness. Signs include:

Pulse - weak and rapid.

Breathing - shallow, rapid, and irregular.

Skin - cold, clammy (sweating).

Pupils dilated.

State of consciousness - alert (may be deceiving) to unconscious. Treatment:

Have victim lie on back, and keep comfortable. If not suffering from Hypothermia, elevate legs. Activate EMS. If victim is unconscious, check vitals, commence CPR/Rescue Breathing if necessary.

Signs include:

Pulse - weak and rapid.

Breathing - shallow, rapid, and irregular.

Skin - cold, clammy (sweating).

Pupils dilated.

State of consciousness - alert (may be deceiving) to unconscious.

BLEEDING:

3 TYPES:

ARTERIAL: Arterial bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from an artery, is bright red, and gushes forth in jets or spurts that are synchronized with the victims pulse.VENOUS: Venous bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from a vein, is dark red, and comes in a steady flow.CAPILARRY: Capillary bleeding is characterized by blood that is coming from damaged capillaries (smaller veins), is bright red, and oozes from the wound.PRESSURE POINTS:

BROKEN BONES/FRACTURES:

Compound (open) fracture: The bone has broken and an open wound is present. The bone may protrude from the wound, leaving little doubt that there is a fracture. Simple (closed) fracture: No open wound is present, but the bone may be broken or cracked. Care must be taken when handling a closed fracture; careless treatment may cause an open fracture, lacerate a blood vessel, or cause other injuries. BURNS (3 TYPES):

First-degree: First-degree burns are the mildest form of burns. These burns involve only the outer layer of skin and produce redness, increased warmth, tenderness, and mild pain.Second-degree: Second-degree burns extend through the outer layers of the skin. These burns involve the inner layers of the skin, but not enough to prevent rapid regeneration. They produce blisters and are characterized by severe pain, redness, and warmth.Third-degree: Third-degree burns are those that penetrate the full thickness of the skin, destroying both the outer and inner layers. Severe pain, characteristic of second-degree burns, may be absent because nerve endings have been destroyed. Color may range from white and lifeless to black (charred). Healing requires many months, and usually results in scarring of the skin tissue. Skin grafts are generally required to achieve full healing.BURN TREATMENT:

First-degree: Immerse in cold water until pain subsides, cover with a sterile dressingSecond-degree: Immerse in cold water until pain subsides, DO NOT break blisters, wrap in a sterile dressing.Third-degree: Cover burn to prevent infection. Treat for shock, DO NOT give any food/water, check vitals every 5 minutes. Notify EMSREQUIRED PPE FOR WATER AND AIR TEMP:

STABILITY:

Center of Gravity: The center of gravity is the point at which the weight of the boat acts vertically downwards. Thus, the boat acts as though all of its weight were concentrated at the center of gravity. Generally, the lower the center of gravity, the more stable the vessel.

Buoyancy: The buoyancy is the upward force of water displaced by the hull. The force of buoyancy keeps the boat afloat; however, it may be overcome if too much weight is added.

Equilibrium: When a boat is at rest, the center of buoyancy acting upwards/vertically is below the center of gravity acting downwards. It is at this point that a boat is considered to be in equilibrium. Equilibrium is affected by movement of the center of gravity or center of buoyancy or by some outside forces, such as wind and waves.

SOUND SIGNALS:

International:*I am altering my course to STBD

**I am altering my course to PORT***I am operating astern propulsion

*****Danger

__ **NUC, Restricted in ability to maneuver, Constrained by Draft, Engaged in Fishing, Sailing Vessel, Vessel Towing or Pushing Ahead.

Inland:

*I intend to leave you on my PORT side

**I intend to leave you on my STBD side

Anchored Vessels/Vessels Aground:

Rapid Ringing of the Bell for 5 Seconds every minute: Vessel