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Chapter 1 The Basic of Reading Skills Learning New Wo rds

PRI NT CLUES - Punctuation an d pictures Punctuation marks - dashes ( - ) commas ( ) parentheses ( ) and quotation

( ) - can help you learn new words

We are consumers - we pay money for the goods and services we use

Some writers believe we are moving toward an am oral world - one in popular in

America

Ravioli dough filled with meat or cheese is as popular as spaghetti in many

Italian restaurants

Many of the big companies are increasing their fringe ~ene fit~thosep you receive in ~ition to salary J ~-

Most English teachers try to get students to avoid using cliches I

expressions l ~ =----shy~ The movie was especially good because it had Dolby stereo tan electronic noise

I

rl~~tys te mjf v The ~~man pulled the gold glasses out of his pocket He was sure he coulc(find a sucker to auy hese f~kes for a lot of money-==- ===shyNight is the time when many animal fora-~-e--o-r-s2ch f~d ) ~ ~

Picture sometimes helps you to learn what something means - - -----

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Joffe Irwin L (1994) Opportunity for skillful reading(ih

ed) California Wadworth

Vogel Lee (1993) Fundamentals of college reading strategies for success (2nd ed) New Jersey Prentice-Hall

n il L 1) 1l1g l i~h 1(1 1-lt ( Jl1O Jl) 11

tea rnnu Ne w Wo rds

CONTEXT CLU ES W he n yo u arc rea d ing a nd enco unte r a n unfamil ia r word as k yo urse lf What

would this word have to mean in order for it to make sense in this sentence You ca n fig u r e o u t th e m eaning by us ing CONTEXT CLU ES

CONTEXT CLUES co ns ist of word s in a sen te nce or paragraph that ena ble read ers to r ea so n o ut t he mea ning of unfam ilia r wo rds Con tex t is w ha tever surro unds som ething e lse In th is case t he co ntext of an un fa m ilia r w ord is the res t of th e se ntence a nd the res t o f the pa ragraph in which it appears Aut hors bu ild in these clue s to hel p you und erstand t he material you a re re ading Co n tex t clues are not a lwa ys pe rfect clues of co u rse but t hey o ften e na ble re ade rs to ma ke a co r rec t e d uca te d guess about a words m e aning

Direct Definition A direct definition is a clue that d efines the meaning by resta tin g or e xpl aining another word Signal clues a re be m ean be defined be called refer to or ill other words or that is

Some accounts leav e the interest earned in the account The depositor will then e a rn interest on th e interest which is called co m po und ing The interest earned~

co m po und interest () =shy

A ta l i mo ney -that people an d bus inesses pay to t he gov ernment

~~ d~ - - A recessect-Lon( ot Go n tr a c tio n~ is a ownturn In ec on o m ic actrvrtv (

-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~C~Llce Many older people develop chronic disease -di se asfiih at last a long tim e and

are difficult to tre at ] ~~

-- -h r- shyThe weathe r seem-s to -be-cyc I leaI w ICII meanst hat we can expec t t he same

patterns to occur ellery season

A co n tras t cl u e consi sts of a word or phras e that means th e o pposite of the word you are trying to figure out Recognizing that certain words often signal an antonym or contrast clue ca n help you to und erstand new words Authors often use words and phrases s uc h as while whereas but y et however altho ugh even though nevertheless yet on the other hand on the contrary rath er than as opposed to unlike except in contr me others not e tc to signal a change in the d ir ection of -

-

thought

Joffe Irwin L (1994) Opportu nity f or skillful reoding(ih ed) California Wadworth

Vogel Lee (19 93) Fundamentals of college reading strategies fo r success (2nd ed) New Jersey Prent ice-Hall

~

~ the

1 3 ~ L I () I- Il gl lsli to r L C ()ll o l11 i~[gt

leuru uu] N eIV 11ou l

His w ife s clandest ine b ehavlo~time) shy

t bull Doctors believe that smokin cigarettes is pe rn iciou=o your health They~ qne

Of 19nq think drin king j am u -d C-n roUS d

dO~6ra ng~d ige nO US to Southern Ca li fo rni but oreign to lJew York farms

S(OW(~IH--r-- She usuall y is a laggar howe er oday she was energet ic and worked hard

They are several ways to win an argume nt so~m a~ oth er s are truthful fair and h on e st~ -~

-= Example Exam ple clues consi st of one or mo r e exa m ples that authors include to

illustrate the m eaning of th e unfamiliar word Exam ples a loe typically in troduced by for example to illustra te f or instance such as included are and like Remember thoug h that an example is not th e same as the definition or synonym Rather the exampl e is sim ply a clue that can help you r eason out the meaning of an unknown word If th er e is more th an one exam ple t ry to determine what the examples have in common

In Japan people use landmlf their direct ion ~ they ta lk about hotels markets and bus stops

lB ~m3nyms uch as ~h o y and oly are di ffi cul t to spell correct ly unless you know which me ni g is being used

810((Ji

Job sat isfact ion in the workplace may depend upon manY~~SUCh as ay Rromotion prestige and peers

The hou se was immaculate There was no dust the floors shone and the w indows sparkled

Clues from the Logic of the Sentence or the Passage One of th e most common ways in whi ch context provides clues about the m eaning of an unknown wo rd is through lo gi c or genera l r easoning about the content o f a sente nce or about the relationship of id eas w ithin a sentence or th e wh ol e passag e

They had arrived in the city with great hop e for their futur But othing had gon e right He couldnLflad work aiiaSne could only ind part-n -ark at night

The children had rouble n their new SChoo l ~ they dejecte dly returned ~dl y home em disltifpo I Attgtd 17 )lAtlhqpPly The sky darkened and large drops of rain hit th e w i~ The wind started to blow andJhe t rlees empti-ed--th-eir branches of th e ew- leaves that remained

1- r n t7l --===shyWith such menacmg weather we knew we had to change plans L-- t I

mo s

(out W nI(

~~ft~ ~~ -The peopl e at th e funeral began to hum Ui~ It was the ever heard -__====~

Joffe Irwin L (1994) Opportunity for skillf ul read ing(i h

ed) California W adworth Vogel Lee (1993) Fundamen ta ls of college read ing strategies for success (2nd ed) New Jersey Prentice-Hall

n il L 1) 1l1g l i~h 1(1 1-lt ( Jl1O Jl) 11

tea rnnu Ne w Wo rds

CONTEXT CLU ES W he n yo u arc rea d ing a nd enco unte r a n unfamil ia r word as k yo urse lf What

would this word have to mean in order for it to make sense in this sentence You ca n fig u r e o u t th e m eaning by us ing CONTEXT CLU ES

CONTEXT CLUES co ns ist of word s in a sen te nce or paragraph that ena ble read ers to r ea so n o ut t he mea ning of unfam ilia r wo rds Con tex t is w ha tever surro unds som ething e lse In th is case t he co ntext of an un fa m ilia r w ord is the res t of th e se ntence a nd the res t o f the pa ragraph in which it appears Aut hors bu ild in these clue s to hel p you und erstand t he material you a re re ading Co n tex t clues are not a lwa ys pe rfect clues of co u rse but t hey o ften e na ble re ade rs to ma ke a co r rec t e d uca te d guess about a words m e aning

Direct Definition A direct definition is a clue that d efines the meaning by resta tin g or e xpl aining another word Signal clues a re be m ean be defined be called refer to or ill other words or that is

Some accounts leav e the interest earned in the account The depositor will then e a rn interest on th e interest which is called co m po und ing The interest earned~

co m po und interest () =shy

A ta l i mo ney -that people an d bus inesses pay to t he gov ernment

~~ d~ - - A recessect-Lon( ot Go n tr a c tio n~ is a ownturn In ec on o m ic actrvrtv (

-- ~ ~ ~ ~ ~C~Llce Many older people develop chronic disease -di se asfiih at last a long tim e and

are difficult to tre at ] ~~

-- -h r- shyThe weathe r seem-s to -be-cyc I leaI w ICII meanst hat we can expec t t he same

patterns to occur ellery season

A co n tras t cl u e consi sts of a word or phras e that means th e o pposite of the word you are trying to figure out Recognizing that certain words often signal an antonym or contrast clue ca n help you to und erstand new words Authors often use words and phrases s uc h as while whereas but y et however altho ugh even though nevertheless yet on the other hand on the contrary rath er than as opposed to unlike except in contr me others not e tc to signal a change in the d ir ection of -

-

thought

Joffe Irwin L (1994) Opportu nity f or skillful reoding(ih ed) California Wadworth

Vogel Lee (19 93) Fundamentals of college reading strategies fo r success (2nd ed) New Jersey Prent ice-Hall

~

~ the

1 3 ~ L I () I- Il gl lsli to r L C ()ll o l11 i~[gt

leuru uu] N eIV 11ou l

His w ife s clandest ine b ehavlo~time) shy

t bull Doctors believe that smokin cigarettes is pe rn iciou=o your health They~ qne

Of 19nq think drin king j am u -d C-n roUS d

dO~6ra ng~d ige nO US to Southern Ca li fo rni but oreign to lJew York farms

S(OW(~IH--r-- She usuall y is a laggar howe er oday she was energet ic and worked hard

They are several ways to win an argume nt so~m a~ oth er s are truthful fair and h on e st~ -~

-= Example Exam ple clues consi st of one or mo r e exa m ples that authors include to

illustrate the m eaning of th e unfamiliar word Exam ples a loe typically in troduced by for example to illustra te f or instance such as included are and like Remember thoug h that an example is not th e same as the definition or synonym Rather the exampl e is sim ply a clue that can help you r eason out the meaning of an unknown word If th er e is more th an one exam ple t ry to determine what the examples have in common

In Japan people use landmlf their direct ion ~ they ta lk about hotels markets and bus stops

lB ~m3nyms uch as ~h o y and oly are di ffi cul t to spell correct ly unless you know which me ni g is being used

810((Ji

Job sat isfact ion in the workplace may depend upon manY~~SUCh as ay Rromotion prestige and peers

The hou se was immaculate There was no dust the floors shone and the w indows sparkled

Clues from the Logic of the Sentence or the Passage One of th e most common ways in whi ch context provides clues about the m eaning of an unknown wo rd is through lo gi c or genera l r easoning about the content o f a sente nce or about the relationship of id eas w ithin a sentence or th e wh ol e passag e

They had arrived in the city with great hop e for their futur But othing had gon e right He couldnLflad work aiiaSne could only ind part-n -ark at night

The children had rouble n their new SChoo l ~ they dejecte dly returned ~dl y home em disltifpo I Attgtd 17 )lAtlhqpPly The sky darkened and large drops of rain hit th e w i~ The wind started to blow andJhe t rlees empti-ed--th-eir branches of th e ew- leaves that remained

1- r n t7l --===shyWith such menacmg weather we knew we had to change plans L-- t I

mo s

(out W nI(

~~ft~ ~~ -The peopl e at th e funeral began to hum Ui~ It was the ever heard -__====~

Joffe Irwin L (1994) Opportunity for skillf ul read ing(i h

ed) California W adworth Vogel Lee (1993) Fundamen ta ls of college read ing strategies for success (2nd ed) New Jersey Prentice-Hall

~

~ the

1 3 ~ L I () I- Il gl lsli to r L C ()ll o l11 i~[gt

leuru uu] N eIV 11ou l

His w ife s clandest ine b ehavlo~time) shy

t bull Doctors believe that smokin cigarettes is pe rn iciou=o your health They~ qne

Of 19nq think drin king j am u -d C-n roUS d

dO~6ra ng~d ige nO US to Southern Ca li fo rni but oreign to lJew York farms

S(OW(~IH--r-- She usuall y is a laggar howe er oday she was energet ic and worked hard

They are several ways to win an argume nt so~m a~ oth er s are truthful fair and h on e st~ -~

-= Example Exam ple clues consi st of one or mo r e exa m ples that authors include to

illustrate the m eaning of th e unfamiliar word Exam ples a loe typically in troduced by for example to illustra te f or instance such as included are and like Remember thoug h that an example is not th e same as the definition or synonym Rather the exampl e is sim ply a clue that can help you r eason out the meaning of an unknown word If th er e is more th an one exam ple t ry to determine what the examples have in common

In Japan people use landmlf their direct ion ~ they ta lk about hotels markets and bus stops

lB ~m3nyms uch as ~h o y and oly are di ffi cul t to spell correct ly unless you know which me ni g is being used

810((Ji

Job sat isfact ion in the workplace may depend upon manY~~SUCh as ay Rromotion prestige and peers

The hou se was immaculate There was no dust the floors shone and the w indows sparkled

Clues from the Logic of the Sentence or the Passage One of th e most common ways in whi ch context provides clues about the m eaning of an unknown wo rd is through lo gi c or genera l r easoning about the content o f a sente nce or about the relationship of id eas w ithin a sentence or th e wh ol e passag e

They had arrived in the city with great hop e for their futur But othing had gon e right He couldnLflad work aiiaSne could only ind part-n -ark at night

The children had rouble n their new SChoo l ~ they dejecte dly returned ~dl y home em disltifpo I Attgtd 17 )lAtlhqpPly The sky darkened and large drops of rain hit th e w i~ The wind started to blow andJhe t rlees empti-ed--th-eir branches of th e ew- leaves that remained

1- r n t7l --===shyWith such menacmg weather we knew we had to change plans L-- t I

mo s

(out W nI(

~~ft~ ~~ -The peopl e at th e funeral began to hum Ui~ It was the ever heard -__====~

Joffe Irwin L (1994) Opportunity for skillf ul read ing(i h

ed) California W adworth Vogel Lee (1993) Fundamen ta ls of college read ing strategies for success (2nd ed) New Jersey Prentice-Hall