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Canada on The Home Front

Because of how severe the Great Depression was, Canada was very

unconcerned with other countries

during the 1930s Mackenzie-King went

to visit Hitler in Germany in 1937. King could see signs of Jewish persecution but felt it would be ill

advised to get involved.

“We must seek to keep this part of the Continent free from unrest. Nothing can

be gained by creating an internal problem in an effort to meet

an international one” - King

Canada Declares War1938 British PM Neville Chamberlain

announced that he secured “peace for time” with Munich AgreementMunich Agreement (Policy of Appeasement) allowed Hitler to take over Czechoslovakia, but stop seizing any more landHitler ignored agreement and continued on his quest to conquer land. Canada was reluctant to join the war because of WWI

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Problems with Civilians on the Home Front

-Canadians remembered the WWI shortages and therefore rushed to the stores to stock up on items they feared might soon vanish from the shelves-The result of this panic was inflation-Faced with shortages and rising prices, the Canadian government began to take control of the country’s economy. 1940 – laws regulated wages and limited price increases on goods and services. Things like rent, iron and steel, lumber, sugar, and milk were all rationed. 1941 – laws froze most prices and wages, and rationing was introduced.

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The War at Home:

The Conscriptio

n Crisis (cont.)

King made the government stance “Not necessarily conscription but conscription if necessary”By 1944, losses were so high, King reluctantly passed conscription and sent 12,000 soldiers overseas.

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Notes: Japanese CanadiansWhen Canada and Japan

went to war (Dec/1941); British Columbians feared a Japanese invasion.-They felt that Japanese Canadians (considered enemy aliens) might assist in such an invasion.Results: 1) 38 Japanese Canadians were arrested

2) 1200 fishing boats were seized by the government

3) All Canadians of Japanese origin were required to register with the government

4) All Japanese Canadians were refused when they tried to join the Canadian army

5) All persons of Japanese ancestry were moved to camps in the interior of B.C.

6) The government confiscated their property and sold it

7) After the war, approx. 4000 Japanese Canadians were deported to Japan.

Total

WarCanadian government became more involved in planning and economy controlApril 1940: established Department of Munitions and Supplies C.D. Howe was ministerTold industries what to produce and how to produce itVancouver built ships for the navyMontreal constructed planes and bombers

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Notes: Women in the War-Before WWII started, few

women in Canada worked outside the home.-In 1940, 876 000 women over 18 years of age were employed outside the home.-By 1943, 1 000 000 women were in the paid workforce and another 800,000 doing farm work.-Women built ships, airplanes, and weapons, knitted socks and sweaters.-The government provided incentives for women such as tax exemptions and childcare facilities.These incentives would end after the war.-Women were accepted into the armed services for the first time. Eg. Radio operators, nurses, and ambulance drivers.-At the end of the war, many women gave up their jobs to returning soldiers.

Propaganda at Home-Radio

announcements, magazine and newspaper adds, and wall posters urged Canadians to spend wisely, participate in salvage drives, grow victory gardens, or buy Victory Bonds.-The National Film Board (NFB) created documentaries and short informational films showing the importance of Canadian civilians as part of the war effort.

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