4.2 parts of a eukaryotic cell
TRANSCRIPT
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Parts of a Eukaryotic Cell
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Cell Theory1) All living things are made up of cells.
2) Cells are the smallest working units of all living things.
3) Cells come from other cells
• There are two types of cells:– Prokaryotic– Eukaryotic
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Prokaryotic• One-celled• No nucleus• DNA looks like a
twisted rubber band• Do NOT have
membrane-covered organelles
• All have a cell wall outside the cell membrane
• Ex: Bacteria
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• Larger• Have a nucleus• Do have membrane-covered organelles• Some (plants) have a cell wall
PlantAnimal
Eukaryotic
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Two Types of Eukaryotic Cells
• Animal cells
• Plant cells
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“Typical” Animal Cell
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“Typical” Plant Cell
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Cell PartsOrganelles
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The Cell . . . The School
• Think of the cell as a tiny, little school
• Just like a school has different things (buildings, people, items) that make it function (work), so does the cell.
• In the cell, organelles are the things that make the cell work.
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Organelles• “little organs”• Have specific jobs that
help keep the cell alive• Like the organs in your
body have specific jobs to help keep you alive
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Surrounding the Cell
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Cell Wall• Stiff outer layer that supports & protects the cell • All plant cells have a cell
wall that is made of a sugar called “cellulose”
• (All prokaryotic cells, like bacteria, also have cell walls)
• Animal cells do not have cell walls
• Like a brick wall around a school
←←
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Cell Membrane• Every cell has a cell membrane• Like a wire fence around a school• Surrounds & protects the cell • Controls what goes in
and out of cell• Allows nutrients
and water in• Lets waste go out
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Inside the Cell
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Nucleus
• Only in eukaryotic cells
• The “brain” or “control center”; directs all activites
• Like the office at a school
• Large, dark, sometimes in center
• Contains genetic material – DNA (= the principal)
• Covered by two membranes which allow materials to go in and out
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Proteins• Control the chemical reactions in the cell• The messages of how to make proteins are given
by the DNA (principal)• Like the educated students at a school
Not THIS kind of protein!
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Ribosomes• Smallest organelles in cell• Each cell contains
thousands • Like the teachers at a
school• Makes protein
(= educated students)• Found floating inside cell • Or attached to
membranes or organelles• Found in BOTH
prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
→→
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)• Membranes with many folds
• Part of the cell’s transport & delivery system: folds have passageways = move materials around cell
• Like the hallways at a school• Two types:
– Smooth ER: no ribosomes – Rough ER: ribosomes attached
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Mitochondria• Main power source
of the cell• Makes energy by
breaking down sugar (food)
• Like the cafeteria of a school
• Energy is stored in molecule called ATP
• Has its own DNA that is different from the cell’s DNA
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Chloroplasts• Usually found in plant and algae cells• Like solar-powered energy generators at a school• Contain green chlorophyll = traps the energy of sunlight • Where photosynthesis takes place
(Sun + CO2 + H2O O2 + sugar)
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Golgi Complex• Packages & delivers materials
within and out of the cell • The “Post Office” of the cell• Like the staff room (with
teachers’ boxes) at a school
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Lysosomes• Responsible for cleaning cell
– Destroy worn-out or damaged organelles
– Get rid of wastes– Protect cell from
harmful products
• Like the janitors at a school
1. Material is enclosed in a vessicle
2. Lysosome bumps into vessicle and pours enzymes into it (breaks down what’s inside of it)
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Vacuoles• Storage site for cell
• In plants: large vacuole in center of cell store water, which helps plants keep their shape
• Plants wilt when vacuoles lose water
• Like the underground water tanks at a school