412 Section 5 Shock and ResuscitationCHAPTERCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEERRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRR

11

National EMS Education Standard Competencies

Shock and Resuscitation Applies a fundamental knowledge of the causes, pathophysiology, and management of shock, respiratory failure or arrest, cardiac failure or arrest, and post resuscitation management.

Knowledge Objectives Explain the elements of basic life support (BLS), how it differs from 1. advanced life support (ALS), and the urgency surrounding its rapid application. (pp 413–414, 416–417)Explain the goals of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and when it 2. should be performed on a patient. (p 414)Explain the system components of CPR, the four links in the American 3. Heart Association chain of survival, and how each one relates to maximizing the survival of a patient. (pp 414–415)Discuss guidelines for circumstances that require the use of and 4. automated external defi brillator (AED) on both adult and pediatric patients experiencing cardiac arrest. (p 415)E5. xplain three special situations related to the use of automated external defi brillation. (p 416)Describe the proper way to position an adult patient to receive basic 6. life support. (pp 417–418)Describe the two techniques an EMT may use to open an adult 7. patient’s airway and the circumstances that would determine when each technique would be used. (pp 417–419)Describe the recovery position and circumstances that would warrant 8. its use as well as situations in which it would be contraindicated. (p 420)Describe the process of providing artifi cial ventilations to an adult 9. patient using a barrier device, ways to avoid gastric distention, and modifi cations required for a patient with a stoma. (pp 420–422)Describe the purpose of external chest compressions. (pp 10. 423–424)Explain the steps in providing one-rescuer adult CPR. (pp 11. 424–427)Explain the steps in providing two-rescuer adult CPR, including the 12. method for switching positions during the process. (pp 425–429)Describe the different mechanical devices that are available to assist 13. emergency responders in delivering improved circulatory efforts during CPR. (pp 427–430)Describe the different possible causes of cardiopulmonary arrest in 14. children. (pp 430–431)Explain the four steps of pediatric basic life support (BLS) procedures and 15. how they differ from procedures used in an adult patient. (pp 431–436)Describe the ethical issues related to patient resuscitation, providing 16. examples of when not to start CPR on a patient. (pp 436–437)Explain the various factors involved in the decision to stop CPR once 17. it has been started on a patient. (p 437)

Explain common causes of foreign body airway obstruction in both 18. children and adults and how to distinguish mild or partial airway obstruction from complete airway obstruction. (pp 437–441)Describe the different methods for removing a foreign body 19. airway obstruction in an infant, child, and adult, including the procedure for a patient with an obstruction who becomes unconscious. (pp 439–444)

Skills Objectives Demonstrate how to reposition an unconscious adult for airway 1. management. (pp 417–418, Skill Drill 11-1)Demonstrate how to perform a head tilt–chin lift maneuver on an 2. adult patient. (pp 417–419)Demonstrate how to perform a jaw–thrust maneuver on an adult 3. patient. (p 419)Demonstrate how to look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing on a 4. patient. (pp 419–420)Demonstrate how to place a patient in the recovery position. (p5. 420)Demonstrate how to perform rescue breathing in an adult with a 6. simple barrier device. (pp 420–421)Demonstrate how to check for a pulse at the carotid artery in an 7. unresponsive patient. (pp 422–423)Demonstrate how to perform external chest compressions in an adult. 8. (pp 423–424, Skill Drill 11-2)Demonstrate how to perform one-rescuer adult CPR. (pp 9. 424–427, Skill Drill 11-3)Demonstrate how to perform two-rescuer adult CPR. (pp 10. 425–429, Skill Drill 11-4)Demonstrate the use of mechanical devices that assist emergency responders 11. in delivering improved circulatory efforts during CPR. (pp 427–430)Demonstrate how to perform a head tilt–chin lift maneuver on a 12. pediatric patient. (p 432)Demonstrate how to perform a jaw–thrust maneuver on a pediatric 13. patient. (p 432)Demonstrate how to perform rescue breathing on a child. (pp 14. 432–433)Demonstrate how to perform rescue breathing on an infant. (pp 15. 432–433)Demonstrate how to perform external chest compressions on an 16. infant. (pp 433–434, Skill Drill 11-5)Demonstrate how to perform CPR in a child who is between 1 year of 17. age and the onset of puberty. (pp 434–436, Skill Drill 11-6)Demonstrate how to remove a foreign body 18. airway obstruction in a con-scious adult patient using abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver). (p 439)Demonstrate how to remove a foreign body 19. airway obstruction in a conscious pregnant or obese patient using chest thrusts. (pp 439–440)Demonstrate how to remove a foreign body 20. airway obstruction in a conscious child older than 1 year using abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver). (pp 441–442)Demonstrate how to remove a foreign body airway obstruction in an 21. unconscious child. (pp 442–443, Skill Drill 11-7)Demonstrate how to remove a foreign body airway obstruction in an 22. infant. (pp 442–444)

BLS Resuscitation

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