406744 VO 406744 VO ‐‐ Information Society & Information Society & eGovernmenteGovernment

EuropEurop´́s Information Society s Information Society 

U.S. Vice President Al Gore meets Dr. Frisch on issues of Information Society & e‐Government

Introduction March 18, 6:30 – 8 p.m  HS 23   Colloquium Exam: June 24, July1,

Guest Readers: Apr 8, Apr 22, Mai 20, Jun 3,  HS 23  4 – 6:30 pm  

Information Society & Information Society & eGovernmenteGovernment

Apr 22 - 4:15 Thomas Lutz (Microsoft)- 5:15 J. Tiefenbacher (Capgemini)

Guest Reader´sGuest Reader´s

Turnitin´sTurnitin´sWebsite on Website on PlagiarismPlagiarism

http://http://www.turnitin.comwww.turnitin.com//research_siteresearch_site//e_home.he_home.htmltml ((accessedaccessed April 17, 2005)April 17, 2005)

WhatWhat isis plagiarismplagiarism??""plagiarizeplagiarize" " meansmeans

1.1. to to stealsteal and pass off (and pass off (thethe ideasideas oror wordswords of of anotheranother) as ) as one'sone's ownown

2.2. to to useuse ((another'sanother's productionproduction) ) withoutwithoutcreditingcrediting thethe sourcesource

3.3. to to commitcommit literaryliterary thefttheft4.4. to to presentpresent as as newnew and original an and original an ideaidea oror

productproduct derivedderived fromfrom an an existingexisting sourcesource..Source:Source:Turnitin'sTurnitin's http://www.turnitin.com/research_site/e_home.htmlhttp://www.turnitin.com/research_site/e_home.html

(April 17, 2005)(April 17, 2005)

Academic Academic PunishmentsPunishmentsA A plagiarizedplagiarized paperpaper almostalmost alwaysalways resultsresults in in failurefailure forforthethe assignmentassignment, , frequentlyfrequently in in failurefailure forfor thethe coursecourse, and , and sometimessometimes in in expulsionexpulsion. . DoesDoes intentionintention matter?matter?

IgnoranceIgnorance of of thethe lawlaw isis nevernever an an excuseexcuse. . WhatWhat areare copyrightcopyright lawslaws??

Copyright Copyright lawslaws existexist to to protectprotect ourour intellectualintellectual propertyproperty. . TheyThey makemake itit illegal to illegal to reproducereproduce someonesomeone else'selse'sexpressionexpression of of ideasideas oror informationinformation withoutwithout permissionpermission. . IncludesIncludes musicmusic, , imagesimages, , writtenwritten wordswords, , videovideo, and a , and a varietyvariety of of otherother media. media.

SimilaritySimilarity indexindex showsshows % of % of matchingmatching txttxt

iThenticadeiThenticade originalityoriginality reportreport showsshows all all downstreamdownstream usesuses of of submittedsubmitted documentdocument

TypesTypes of of plagiarismplagiarismSourcesSources Not Not CitedCited

""TheThe GhostGhost WriterWriter"" TheThe writerwriter turnsturns in in another'sanother'sworkwork, , wordword--forfor--wordword, as his , as his oror her her ownown. . ""TheThe PhotocopyPhotocopy"" TheThe writerwriter copiescopies significantsignificantportionsportions of text of text straightstraight fromfrom a a singlesingle sourcesource, , withoutwithoutalterationalteration. . ""TheThe PotluckPotluck Paper"Paper" TheThe writerwriter triestries to to disguisedisguiseplagiarismplagiarism byby copyingcopying fromfrom severalseveral different different sourcessources, , tweakingtweaking thethe sentencessentences to to makemake themthem fit fit togethertogether whilewhileretainingretaining mostmost of of thethe original original phrasingphrasing. .

SourceSource: : http://http://www.turnitin.comwww.turnitin.com//research_siteresearch_site//e_home.htmle_home.html (April 17, 2005)(April 17, 2005)

SourcesSources Not Not CitedCited""TheThe PoorPoor DisguiseDisguise"" AlthoughAlthough thethe writerwriter has has retainedretained thethe essential essential contentcontent of of thethe sourcesource, he , he oror sheshehas has alteredaltered thethe paper'spaper's appearanceappearance slightlyslightly byby changingchangingkeykey wordswords and and phrasesphrases. . ""TheThe Labor of Labor of LazinessLaziness"" TheThe writerwriter takestakes thethe time to time to paraphraseparaphrase mostmost of of thethe paperpaper fromfrom otherother sourcessources and and makemake itit all fit all fit togethertogether, , insteadinstead of of spendingspending thethe samesameefforteffort on original on original workwork. . ""TheThe SelfSelf--StealerStealer"" TheThe writerwriter ""borrowsborrows" " generouslygenerouslyfromfrom his his oror her her previousprevious workwork, , violatingviolating policiespoliciesconcerningconcerning thethe expectationexpectation of of originalityoriginality adoptedadopted bybymostmost academic academic institutionsinstitutions..

SourceSource: : http://http://www.turnitin.comwww.turnitin.com//research_siteresearch_site//e_home.htmle_home.html (April 17, 2005)(April 17, 2005)

SourcesSources CitedCited ((butbut still still plagiarizedplagiarized))""TheThe ForgottenForgotten FootnoteFootnote"" TheThe writerwriter mentionsmentionsan an author'sauthor's namename forfor a a sourcesource, , butbut neglectsneglects to to includeinclude specificspecific informationinformation on on thethe locationlocation of of thethematerial material referencedreferenced. . ThisThis oftenoften masksmasks otherother formsforms of of plagiarismplagiarism byby obscuringobscuring sourcesource locationslocations. . ""TheThe MisinformerMisinformer"" TheThe writerwriter providesprovides inaccurateinaccurateinformationinformation regardingregarding thethe sourcessources, , makingmaking ititimpossibleimpossible to find them. to find them. ""TheThe TooToo--PerfectPerfect Paraphrase"Paraphrase" TheThe writerwriterproperlyproperly citescites a a sourcesource, , butbut neglectsneglects to to putput in in quotationquotation marksmarks. . AlthoughAlthough attributingattributing thethe basicbasic ideasideasto to thethe sourcesource, , thethe writerwriter isis falselyfalsely claimingclaiming original original presentationpresentation and and interpretationinterpretation of of thethe informationinformation. .

SourcesSources CitedCited ((butbut still still plagiarizedplagiarized) 2) 2

""TheThe ResourcefulResourceful CiterCiter"" TheThe writerwriter properlyproperly citescites all all sourcessources, , paraphrasingparaphrasing and and usingusing quotationsquotations appropriatelyappropriately. . TheThe paperpaper containscontains almostalmost no original no original workwork! ! ItIt isis sometimessometimesdifficultdifficult to to spotspot thisthis form of form of plagiarismplagiarism becausebecause itit lookslooks likelikeanyany otherother wellwell--researchedresearched documentdocument..

""TheThe PerfectPerfect CrimeCrime"" In In thisthis casecase, , thethe writerwriter properlyproperlyquotesquotes and and citescites sourcessources in in somesome placesplaces, , butbut goesgoes on to on to paraphraseparaphrase otherother argumentsarguments fromfrom thosethose sourcessources withoutwithoutcitationcitation. . ThisThis way, way, thethe writerwriter triestries to pass off to pass off thetheparaphrasedparaphrased material as his material as his oror her her ownown analysisanalysis of of thethe citedcitedmaterial.material.

SourceSource: : http://http://www.turnitin.comwww.turnitin.com//research_siteresearch_site//e_home.htmle_home.html (April 17, 2005)(April 17, 2005)

WhatWhat isis citationcitation??A A ""citationcitation"" isis thethe way way youyou telltell youryour readersreaders thatthat

certaincertain material in material in youryour workwork camecame fromfrom anotheranothersourcesource. . ItIt also also givesgives youryour readersreaders thethe informationinformationnecessarynecessary to find to find thatthat sourcesource againagain, , includingincluding: : informationinformation aboutabout thethe authorauthorthethe title of title of thethe workworkthethe namename and and locationlocation of of thethe companycompany thatthatpublishedpublished youryour copycopy of of thethe sourcesourcethethe date date youryour copycopy was was publishedpublished thethe pagepagenumbersnumbers of of thethe material material youyou areare borrowingborrowing

WhyWhy shouldshould I I citecite sourcessources??CitationsCitations areare extremelyextremely helpfulhelpful to to anyoneanyone whowho wantswants to to find out find out moremore aboutabout youryour ideasideas and and wherewhere theythey camecamefromfrom. . Not all Not all sourcessources areare good good oror right right ---- youryour ownown ideasideas maymayoftenoften bebe moremore accurateaccurate oror interestinginteresting thanthan thosethose of of youryour sourcessources. Proper . Proper citationcitation will will keepkeep youyou fromfrom takingtakingthethe raprap forfor someonesomeone else'selse's bad bad ideasideas..CitingCiting sourcessources showsshows thethe amountamount of of researchresearch you'veyou'vedonedone. . CitingCiting sourcessources strengthensstrengthens youryour workwork byby lendinglendingoutsideoutside supportsupport to to youryour ideasideas..

WhenWhen do I do I needneed to to citecite??

WheneverWhenever youyou useuse quotesquotesWheneverWhenever youyou paraphraseparaphraseWheneverWhenever youyou useuse an an ideaidea thatthat someonesomeone elseelse has has alreadyalready expressedexpressedWheneverWhenever youyou makemake specificspecific referencereference to to thetheworkwork of of anotheranotherWheneverWhenever someonesomeone else'selse's workwork has has beenbeen criticalcriticalin in developingdeveloping youryour ownown ideasideas..

ImportantImportant TermsTerms IIAttributionAttribution TheThe acknowledgementacknowledgement thatthatsomethingsomething camecame fromfrom anotheranother sourcesource. . TheThefollowingfollowing sentencesentence properlyproperly attributesattributes an an ideaidea to to itsits original original authorauthor: : Jack Bauer, in his Jack Bauer, in his articlearticle ""TwentyTwenty--FourFour ReasonsReasonsnotnot to to PlagiarizePlagiarize," ," maintainsmaintains thatthat casescases of of plagiaristsplagiarists beingbeing expelledexpelled byby academic academic institutionsinstitutions havehave risenrisen dramaticallydramatically in in recentrecentyearsyears duedue to an to an increasingincreasing awarenessawareness on on thethe partpartof of educatorseducators..

ImportantImportant TermsTerms IIII

BibliographyBibliography

A list of A list of sourcessources usedused in in preparingpreparing a a workworkCitationCitation

1)1) A A shortshort, formal , formal indicationindication of of thethe sourcesource of of informationinformation oror quotedquoted material.material.

2)2) 2) 2) TheThe actact of of quotingquoting material material oror thethe material material quotedquoted..

ImportantImportant TermsTerms IIIIIICiteCite

1.1. to to indicateindicate a a sourcesource of of informationinformation oror quotedquotedmaterial in a material in a shortshort, formal , formal notenote..

2.2. to to quotequote3.3. to to ascribeascribe somethingsomething to a to a sourcesource..

ImportantImportant TermsTerms IVIVCommon Common KnowledgeKnowledge

Information Information thatthat isis readilyreadily availableavailable fromfrom a a numbernumber of of sourcessources, , oror so so wellwell--knownknown thatthat itsitssourcessources do do notnot havehave to to bebe citedcited..

TheThe factfact thatthat carrotscarrots areare a a sourcesource of Vitamin A of Vitamin A isiscommoncommon knowledgeknowledge, and , and youyou couldcould includeinclude thisthisinformationinformation in in youryour workwork withoutwithout attributingattributing ititto a to a sourcesource. . HoweverHowever, , anyany informationinformation regardingregardingthethe effectseffects of Vitamin A on of Vitamin A on thethe human human bodybody arearelikelylikely to to bebe thethe productsproducts of original of original researchresearch and and wouldwould havehave to to bebe citedcited..

ImportantImportant TermsTerms VVCopyrightCopyright

A A lawlaw protectingprotecting thethe intellectualintellectual propertyproperty of of individualsindividuals, , givinggiving themthem exclusiveexclusive rightsrights overover thethedistributiondistribution and and reproductionreproduction of of thatthat material.material.EndnotesEndnotes

Notes at Notes at thethe end of a end of a paperpaper acknowledgingacknowledging sourcessourcesand and providingproviding additional additional referencesreferences ororinformationinformation..

ImportantImportant TermsTerms VIVIFootnotesFootnotes

Notes at Notes at thethe bottombottom of a of a paperpaper acknowledgingacknowledgingsourcessources oror providingproviding additional additional referencesreferences ororinformationinformation..IntellectualIntellectual PropertyProperty

A A productproduct of of thethe intellectintellect, such as an , such as an expressedexpressedideaidea oror conceptconcept, , thatthat has has commercialcommercial valuevalue..NotationNotation

TheThe form of a form of a citationcitation; ; thethe systemsystem byby whichwhich oneonerefersrefers to to citedcited sourcessources..

ImportantImportant TermsTerms VIIVII

OriginalOriginal

1.1. Not Not derivedderived fromfrom anythinganything elseelse, , newnew and and uniqueunique

2.2. MarkedlyMarkedly departingdeparting fromfrom previousprevious practicepractice3.3. TheThe firstfirst, , precedingpreceding all all othersothers in timein time4.4. TheThe sourcesource fromfrom whichwhich copiescopies areare mademade

ImportantImportant TermsTerms VIIIVIII

Paraphrase Paraphrase A A restatementrestatement of a text of a text oror passagepassage

A A paraphraseparaphrase mustmust makemake significantsignificant changeschanges in in thethestyle and style and voicevoice of of thethe original original whilewhile retainingretaining thetheessential essential ideasideas. . IfIf youyou changechange thethe ideasideas, , thenthen youyouareare notnot paraphrasingparaphrasing ---- youyou areare misrepresentingmisrepresentingthethe ideasideas of of thethe original, original, whichwhich couldcould leadlead to to seriousserious troubletrouble. .

WhatWhat isis a Public Domain?a Public Domain?Works Works thatthat areare no no longerlonger protectedprotected bybycopyrightcopyright, , oror nevernever havehave beenbeen, , areare consideredconsidered""publicpublic domaindomain." ." ThisThis meansmeans thatthat youyou maymay freelyfreelyborrowborrow material material fromfrom thesethese worksworks withoutwithout fearfearof of plagiarismplagiarism, , providedprovided youyou makemake proper proper attributionsattributions. .

In In generalgeneral, , anythinganything publishedpublished moremore thanthan 75 75 yearsyearsagoago isis nownow in in thethe publicpublic domaindomain. Works . Works publishedpublished afterafter 1978 1978 areare protectedprotected forfor thethelifetimelifetime of of thethe authorauthor plus 70 plus 70 yearsyears. .

WritingWriting youryour paperpaper

WhenWhen in in doubtdoubt, , citecite sourcessources

MakeMake itit clearclear WHO WHO saidsaid WHATWHAT

KnowKnow howhow to to paraphraseparaphrase

EvaluateEvaluate youryour sourcessources -- Not all Not all sourcessources on on thetheweb web areare worthworth citingciting---- in in factfact, , manymany of of themthem arearejust just plainplain wrongwrong. .

WeWe recommendrecommend usingusing thethe "Web Page Evaluation "Web Page Evaluation CriteriaCriteria„„http://http://lib.nmsu.edulib.nmsu.edu//instructioninstruction//evalcrit.htmlevalcrit.html

CitationCitation StylesStyles II

ThereThere areare also also twotwo majormajor divisionsdivisions withinwithin mostmostcitationcitation stylesstyles: : documentarydocumentary--notenote stylestyle and and parentheticalparenthetical stylestyle. . DocumentaryDocumentary--notenote stylestyle isis thethe standardstandard form of form of documentingdocumenting sourcessources. . ItIt involvesinvolves usingusing eithereitherfootnotesfootnotes oror endnotesendnotes, so , so thatthat informationinformationaboutabout youryour sourcessources isis readilyreadily availableavailable to to youryourreadersreaders butbut doesdoes notnot interfereinterfere withwith theirtheir readingreadingof of youryour workwork. .

CitationCitation StylesStyles IIIIII

In In thethe parentheticalparenthetical stylestyle, , sometimessometimes calledcalled thethe""authorauthor--datedate" style " style oror ""inin--texttext" style, " style, referencesreferencesto to sourcessources areare mademade in in thethe bodybody of of thethe workworkitselfitself, , throughthrough parenthesesparentheses. An . An exampleexample of of thisthiswouldwould bebe thethe followingfollowing sentencesentence::Professor Professor AcottAcott assertsasserts thatthat „„environmentalenvironmentalreformreform in Alaska in in Alaska in thethe 1970s 1970s acceleratedacceleratedrapidlyrapidly as a as a resultresult of of pipelinepipeline expansionexpansion.“ (Scott .“ (Scott 1999,23)1999,23)

CitationCitation StylesStyles IVIV

MLA MLA (Modern (Modern LanguageLanguage Association)Association)

ACSACS (American (American ChemicalChemical Society)Society)

AMAAMA (American (American MedicalMedical Society)Society)

IEEEIEEE (Institute of (Institute of ElectricalElectrical and and Electronics Electronics EngineersEngineers) )

Columbia Columbia University Style University Style

SpringerSpringer Verlag StyleVerlag Style

……

..

May 20 - 4:15 Arthur Winter (BMfF)- 5:15 Rudolf Fischer (Telekom)

June 3 - 4.15 H. Ametsreiter (Mobilkom)Josef Broukal (NR-SPÖ)

- 5:15 H.Eichert/N.Schröder (ORACL)

Main Main ReadingsReadings 406744406744@ @ www.univie.ac.atwww.univie.ac.at/frisch//frisch/

www.univie.ac.at/frisch/www.univie.ac.at/frisch/….….

See See YouYou: May 20 & : May 20 & JuneJune 33