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1. LOCAL LAWS & REGULATIONS ON CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES

1. FMA (Factories & Machinery Act) 1967

2. OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Act) 1994

3. EQA (Environmental Quality Act) 1974

4. Pesticides Act 1994

5. Poisons Act 1952 and Regulations

6. Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984

7. Sales of Drugs Act 1952

8. Gas Supply Act 1993 & Gas Supply Regulations 1997

9. Uniform Building By-Laws 1984

10. Atomic Energy Licensing Act 1984

FACTORIES AND MACHINERY ACT 1967

i. Lead Regulation 1984

ii. Asbestos Process Regulations 1986

iii. Mineral Dust Regulations 1989

Permissible Exposure Limits:

• Lead : 150 μg /m3 air

• Asbestos : 1 fibre/mL air

• Mineral Dust : 5 mg/m3 (respirable); 10 mg/m3

iv. Safety, Health & Welfare Regulations 1970

• Ventilation: number of air changes per hour 4

OSHA 1994 i. Classification, Labelling and Safety

Data Sheet, CLASS 2013 REGULATIONS

ii. Use & Standard of Exposure of Chemicals Hazardous to Health, USECHH 2000 Regulations

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CLASS 2013 Regulations

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CLASS Regulations apply to chemicals supplied for use at place of work

Chemicals: √ Substance √ Mixture

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RESPONSIBILITIES OF SUPPLIER

CLASSIFICATION

LABELLING

INVENTORY

PACKAGING

SUBSIDIARY SUPPLIER

PRINCIPAL SUPPLIER

Manufacturer, Formulator,

Importer, Recycler or Reformulator

Repacker, Distributor or

Retailer

Manufacturer & Importer

SDS

Packaging Container Labels- CLASS 2013

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Example of CLASS Regulations Label UNLEADED GASOLINE-Premium Grade

PETROL TANPA PLUMBUM-GRED PREMIUM Hydrocarbon (Hidrokarbon) > 99% Benzene (Benzena) < 1%

HAZARD STATEMENT

Extremely flammable liquid and vapour

Toxic if inhaled

Causes skin and eye irritation

Suspected of causing cancer (inhalation)

PRECAUTIONARY STATEMENT

Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces-

No smoking.

Avoid breathing vapour.

Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area.

Wash hands thoroughly after handling.

Obtain special instructions before use.

Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read

and understood.

Manufacturer: Oil Company, 515 Touhy Avenue, Des Plaines, IL 60018

(Pengilang) USA. (24 hr Emergency Tel. No: 800 424-9300 )

Supplier: Syarikat Minyak Petrol Sdn. Bhd., 1126K Jalan Kg. Attap,

(Pembekal) 50534 Kuala Lumpur (Tel : 03- 273 1234, 800-1234567 )

DANGER

BAHAYA

Product

Identifier

Supplier

Identification

Hazard

Statement

Precautionary

Statement

PERNYATAAN HAZARD

Cecair dan wap teramat mudah bakar

Toksik jika tersedut

Menyebabkan kerengsaan kulit dan mata

Disyaki menyebabkan kanser (tersedut)

PERNYATAAN BERJAGA-JAGA

Jauhkan dari haba/percikan api/nyalaan

terbuka/permukaan panas-Dilarang merokok.

Elakkan daripada menyedut wap.

Gunakan hanya di luar bangunan atau di dalam kawasan

yang dialihudarakan dengan baik.

Basuh tangan bersih-bersih selepas mengendalikan

bahan.

Dapatkan arahan khas sebelum menggunakan bahan.

Jangan kendalikan bahan sehingga semua langkah

berjaga-jaga keselamatan telah dibaca dan difahami.

Signal

Word

Hazard

Pictogram

Size 125 mL

Information in SDS

1. Identification of hazardous chemical and of the supplier

2. Hazard identification 3. Composition and

information of ingredients of hazardous chemical

4. First-aid measures 5. Fire-fighting measures 6. Accidental release

measures 7. Handling and storage

8. Exposure controls and personal protection

9. Physical and chemical properties

10. Stability and reactivity 11. Toxicological

information 12. Ecological information 13. Disposal information 14. Transportation

information 15. Regulatory information 16. Other information

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Hazard Pictogram

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HAZARD CLASS HAZARD CATEGORY

1. Explosives Unstable explosive

Div 1.1 Div 1.2 Div 1.3 Div 1.4 Div 1.5 Div 1.6

2. Flammable gases Cat 1 Cat 2

3. Flammable aerosols Cat 1 Cat 2

4. Flammable liquids Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3 Cat 4*

5. Flammable solids Cat 1 Cat 2

6. Oxidizing gases Cat 1

7. Oxidizing liquids Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3

8. Oxidizing solids Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3

9. Gases under pressure Compressed gas Liquefied

gas Refrigerated

gas Dissolved

gas

10. Self-reactive chemicals Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G

11. Pyrophoric liquids Cat 1

12. Pyrophoric solids Cat 1

13. Self-heating chemicals Cat 1 Cat 2

14. Chemicals which, in contact with water, emit flammable gases

Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3

15. Organic peroxides Type A Type B Type C Type D Type E Type F Type G

16. Corrosive to metals Cat 1

Hazard Classification

*not included in CLASS Regulations

Physical Hazard Risks associated with a chemical acting on a facility.

Physical Hazards

Any chemicals that have potential for fire, explosion or reactivity

HAZARD CLASS HAZARD CATEGORY

1. Acute toxicity (oral) Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3 Cat 4 Cat 5*

2. Acute toxicity (dermal) Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3 Cat 4 Cat 5*

3. Acute toxicity (inhalation) Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3 Cat 4 Cat 5*

4. Skin corrosion/irritation Cat 1A/1B/1C (1) Cat 2 Cat 3*

5. Serious eye damage/eye irritation Cat 1 Cat 2

6. Respiratory sensitisation Cat 1

7. Skin sensitisation Cat 1

8. Germ cell mutagenicity Cat 1A/1B (1) Cat 2

9. Carcinogenicity Cat 1A/1B (1) Cat 2

10. Reproductive toxicity Cat 1A/1B (1) Cat 2 Effect on or via lactation

11. Specific target organ toxicity – single exposure Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3

12. Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure Cat 1 Cat 2

13. Aspiration hazard Cat 1 Cat 2*

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Hazard Classification Health Hazard

*not included in CLASS Regulations

For a chemical to have an effect on a person, she/he MUST BE EXPOSED to it and some of it MUST GET

INTO his/her system

Health Effects

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HAZARD CLASS HAZARD CATEGORY

1. Hazardous to aquatic environment – acute hazard Cat 1

2. Hazardous to aquatic environment – chronic hazard Cat 1 Cat 2 Cat 3 Cat 4

3. Hazardous to the ozone layer Cat 1

Hazard Classification Environmental Hazard

Hazard Classification Hazard Communication Elements

Hazard Class Hazard

Category

Hazard

Pictogram Signal Word Hazard statement

Hazardous to the

aquatic environment -

acute hazard

Category 1 Warning

Very toxic to aquatic life

Hazardous to the

aquatic environment -

chronic hazard

Category 1 Warning

Very toxic to aquatic life with

long lasting effects

Category 2 -

Toxic to aquatic life with long

lasting effects

Category 3 - - Harmful to aquatic life with

long lasting effects

Category 4 - - May cause long lasting harmful

effects to aquatic life

Hazardous to the

ozone layer Category 1 Warning

Harms public health and the

environment by destroying

ozone in the upper atmosphere

Industry Code of Practice on Chemical Classification and Hazard Communication

(ICOP CCHC)

– Part 1 – List of Classified Chemicals

– Part 2 – Chemicals Classification

– Part 3 – Hazard Communication : Labelling and SDS

– Part 4 – CBI

Application All places of work within the purview of the OSH Act

1994 where chemicals hazardous to health are used:

1. Chemicals with Permissible Exposure Limits as listed in Schedule I (about 600 chemicals)

2. Defined under OSH-CLASS Regulations as very toxic, toxic, corrosive, Harmful, Irritant including carcinogens, teratogens & mutagens.

3. Pesticides as defined under Pesticides Act 1974.

4. Scheduled wastes as defined under Scheduled Waste Regulations 2005.

Duties of Employer and Self-employed

1. Identification of chemicals hazardous to health;

2. Complying with permissible exposure limit;

3. Making assessment of risk of chemical to health;

4. Action to control risk; and

5. Labeling and re-labeling chemicals hazardous to health

6. Providing information, instruction and training

7. Monitoring employee exposure at the place of work

8. Conducting health surveillance

9. Posting warning sign

10. Keeping records

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1.

Chemical Register

Section A: Company Information

Section B: List Chemical Hazardous To Health

Section C: Name of Person Who Prepared or Reviewed

Chemical Register

Be accessible to all employees at the place of work who

may be exposed or are likely to be exposed to chemicals

hazardous to health

Accessibility of Chemical Register

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2. PERMISSIBLE EXPOSURE LIMIT

• Regulations 6, 7, 8

• Permissible exposure limits

– Ceiling limit

– 8-hour TWA

– Maximum exposure limit

Schedule 1: List of Permissible Exposure Limit

3. Making Assessment of Risk of Chemical to Health – CHRA

Part IV, Regulation 9

Written assessment shall be conducted:

before starting any work which may expose or likely to expose any employee to any chemical hazardous to health

within one year from the effective date of this regulation for the existing work/ process

PURPOSE OF CHRA

To enable decisions to be made on:

Suitable control measures;

Worker training needs;

Monitoring; and

Health surveillance needs;

that are required to protect the health of workers

who are exposed to chemicals hazardous to

health at the workplace

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CONCEPT OF ASSESSMENT

Assessing the risk of a group of workers (work

unit) with similar risks at the workplace should

include the following considerations:

Identity and form of chemical being

used/released at the workplace

Health hazards

Method and level of exposure

Existing control measures and their

effectiveness

CONTENT OF ASSESSMENT

Regulation 9(2): An assessment should take into

consideration:

1) Potential risks

2) Method and steps of chemical usage

3) Health hazard criteria

4) Level of exposure

5) Risk to health 6) Control measures

7) Control measures for accidental release

8) Necessity for worker exposure monitoring

9) Necessity for health surveillance

10) Necessity for worker training and retraining

1) POTENTIAL RISK

Situation where there is a possibility of a worker

falling ill or sustaining injury from the normal use,

handling, storing, transporting or disposal, or

accidental/abnormal release of the chemical

Example: chemical sprays, clouds of dust, bad

work practices, worker complaints of

symptoms/diseases

2) METHODS AND PROCEDURES FOR USE / HANDLING OF CHEMICALS

• Method of handling

•Manual or Automatic?

• Type of process

• Closed or Open?

• Work Procedures

• Standard Operating Procedure

• Safe Operating Procedure

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3) HEALTH HAZARD CRITERIA • Physical form: solid (fine powder, granules,

pellet), liquid, gas

•Chemical used/produced?

•Toxicity data

• Effect on health: Acute vs Chronic

4) LEVEL OF EXPOSURE

•Route of Entry

• Inhalation, skin absorption or ingestion

•Quantitative Assessment: Evaluation of actual

personal workplace exposure to chemical using accredited

numerical and mathematical analysis

• Sampling of airborne contaminants

• Qualitative Assessment: Evaluation of potential

personal exposure to workplace chemicals based on

personal experience and professional judgment

• Job observation

• Measurement of frequency, duration and intensity of

exposure

5. RISK TO HEALTH

HAZARD CLASSIFICATION

HR HEALTH EFFECTS HAZARD CATEGORY

5 LOCAL: INJURY TO THE SKIN, EYES, OR MUCOUS

MEMBRANES OF SUFFICIENT SEVERITY TO THREATEN

LIFE BY SINGLE EXPOSURE.

.

*VERY TOXIC CHEMICALS:-

LD50<25 MG/KG (ORAL)

LD50<50 MG/KG (SKIN)

LC50<0.5 MG/LITRE

KNOWN HUMAN CARCINOGENS. MUTAGENS OR

TERATOGENS

*CATEGORY 1

CARCINOGEN. MUTAGEN AND

TERATOGEN

4 LOCAL: INJURY TO THE SKIN, EYES, OR MUCOUS

MEMBRANES OF SUFFICIENT SEVERITY TO CAUSE

PERMANENT IMPAIRMENT. DISFIGUREMENT OR

IRREVERSIBLE CHANGE FROM SINGLE OR REPEATED

EXPOSURE.

SYSTEMIC: VERY SERIOUS PHYSICAL OR HEALTH

IMPAIRMENT BY REPEATED OR PROLONGED EXPOSURE.

CORROSIVE (R35 CAUSES

SEVERE BURN)

*TOXIC CHEMICALS:-

LD50: 25-200 MG/KG (ORAL)

LD50: 50-400 MG/KG (SKIN)

LC50:0.5-2 MG/LITRE

PROBABLE HUMAN CARCINOGENS, MUTAGENS OR

TERATOGENS BASED ON ANIMAL STUDIES.

*CATEGORY 2

CARCINOGEN. MUTAGEN AND

TERATOGEN

HAZARD CLASSIFICATION HR HEALTH EFFECTS HAZARD CATEGORY

3 LOCAL: SERIOUS DAMAGE TO SKIN, EYE OR MUCOUS

MEMBRANES FROM SINGLE OR REPEATED OR

PROLONGED EXPOSURE

SYSTEMIC: SEVERE EFFECTS AFTER REPEATED OR

PROLONGED EXPOSURE

*CORROSIVE (R34: CAUSE

BURN)

*RESPIRATORY SENSITISERS

*IRRITANT-SERIUOS EYE

DAMAGE

*HARMFUL CHEMICALS:-

LD50: 200-500 MG/KG (ORAL)

LD50: 400-2000 MG/KG (SKIN)

LC50:2-20 MG/LITRE

POSSIBLE HUMAN OR ANIMAL CARCINOGENS OR

MUTAGENS, BUT FOR WHICH DATA IS INADEQUATE

*CATEGORY 3 CARTINOGEN

AND MUTAGEN

2 LOCAL: REVERSIBLE EFFECTS TO THE SKIN, EYE OR

MUCOUS MEMBRANES NOT SEVERE ENOUGH TO CAUSE

SERIOUS HEALTH IMPAIRMENT

SYSTEMIC: CHANGES READILY REVERSIBLE ONCE

EXPOSURE CEASES

*SKIN SENSITISERS

* IRRITANT CHEMICAL

1 NO KNOWN ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS NOT CLASSIFIED AS

HAZARDOUS

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6) CONTROL MEASURES

•Existing control measures

•Adequacy of existing control measures

•Suitability

• Use and Effectiveness

• Maintenance

• Additional suggestions / recommendations

7) MEASURES FOR ACCIDENTAL EXPOSURE

• Probability of accidental exposure? •Spillage

• Leakage

• Accident

• Control measures

• Spill kit

• Safety shower and eye wash fountain

• Emergency Response Plan (ERP)

4. Action to Control Exposure Part V, Regulation 14

• Carry out action or control measure to eliminate or reduce the actual or potential exposure of an employee to chemical hazardous to health, within one month after receiving assessment report

– Control to below PEL

– Control to ALARP for those chemicals without PEL

– Hierarchy of control measures

– Use of approved PPE

– Engineering control equipment to be inspected, examined and tested regularly

– Local exhaust ventilation system to be designed and commissioned by Professional Engineer

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Control Hierarchy Regulation 15 (1)

• Elimination of CHH

• Substitution of less hazardous chemical or process

• Total enclosure of process& handling system

• Isolation of work

• Modification of process parameters

• Engineering control equipment

• Safe work system and practices

• Approved personal protective equipment

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

• Should be a last resort, but may be necessary if:

– engineering controls inadequate or being installed

– administrative controls don’t do the job

– emergency response or spill cleanup

– supplement other control techniques if can’t achieve required level

• Depends upon human behavior

– proper selection, fit and comfort issues

• Hazard is still present with PPE …

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Legislative Requirement: USECHH 2000

• Regulation 16. Use of approved PPE – Approved PPE shall be used as an interim measure while other preferred

control measures are being designed or installed; or

– Where the measures taken do not adequately control employee’s exposure to CHH

• The employer shall establish and implement procedures on – Issuance

– Maintenance

– Inspection and

– Training in the use of the approved PPE

• The approved PPE shall – Be suitable to the type of work in which they are employed

– Fit the employees

– Not adversely affect the health or medical condition of the employees

– Be in sufficient supply and readily available to employees who require it.

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Engineering Control Equipment

• Any equipment used to control exposure of employees to chemical hazardous to health includes :

• local exhaust ventilation (LEV);

• water spray; or

• any other airborne chemical removal and containment equipment

Engineering Control Equipment Part V, Regulation 17

• Maintained and operated at all time while machinery or plant is in operation

• Inspected by the employer at interval of no longer than one month (e.g. Face velocity)

• Examined and tested by hygiene technician at interval of no longer than 12 month

• Employer to maintain records of the design, construction, testing, inspection and maintenance

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5. Labelling & Re-labelling Chemical Hazardous to Health

Part VI, Regulation 20 & 21

• Duty of employer to ensure labeling of all chemical hazardous to health used in the workplace.

• Re-labeling :

– when the existing label are removed, defaced, modified or altered

– when chemical being transferred to another container

– If used immediately - no label is required

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Condition for re-labeling Do you know how to handle the

chemicals?

What are the hazards of the chemical that

exist at your work area?

Information, Instruction

& Training

Regulation 22

• Measure concentrations where assessment concludes that:

– Serious risks if controls fail;

– Exposure limits may be exceeded;

– Control measures may not be working properly

• Recommended by an Assessor

• Using approved method of monitoring and analysis

• Conducted by Hygiene Technician

• Employer to maintain record of monitoring

• At least 30 years for personal exposure • At least 5 years in any other case

Monitoring of Exposure

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Chemical Monitoring

a. As per mentioned by the CHRA

b. If workers are exposed/likely to be exposed to CHH listed in Schedule II, monitoring interval shall be repeated in not more than 6 month. Section 26 USECHH Reg. 2000

Sampling approach

Personal Sampling Area Sampling

Health Surveillance Reg. 27 1.Where an assessment indicates that health surveillance is

necessary for the protection of the health of employees exposed or likely to be exposed to chemicals hazardous to health

2.Consist of medical surveillance component which shall be carried out by occupational health doctor.

3.If an employee is exposed or likely to be exposed to chemicals hazardous to health listed in Schedule II, the health surveillance shall include medical surveillance conducted at intervals of not more than 12 months or at such shorter intervals as determined by the OHD.

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Posting Warning Sign Part X1, Regulation 29

• Posted at a conspicuous place at every entrance to working area

• give warning of the hazard

• written in National and English languages

• printed in dark red against white background