4-hazard prevention control

8/10/2019 4-Hazard Prevention Control

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Safety & Health Management

System Training

Lesson 4 Hazard Prevention & Control


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Safety Health Management System

(SHMS) Webinar SeriesIn this series of webinars developed under theSusan Harwood Grant, you will learn:

o Lesson 1 - OSHA and the Importance of Having a

Safety Health Management System (SHMS)

o Lesson 2Management Commitment & Leadership

o Lesson 3Worksite Analysis

o Lesson 4 Hazard Prevention & Control

o Lesson 5Safety & Health Training


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Lesson 4 Contents

1. Objectives

2. Hazard Controls

3. Preventive Maintenance

4. Managing Change

5. Occupational Health Program

6. Emergency Planning

7. Contractor Safety

8. Management Review


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Objectives

Learn to implement systems to eliminate orprevent hazards.

Learn about different types of hazard controls: Preventive maintenance and managing change

Emergency planning, occupational health programs,and contractor safety


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Hazard Control

Some control measures are more effective thanothers at reducing the hazard.

Be aware of the different types of controls

available and the benefits and limitations ofeach.

Each of the SHMS models introduced in Lesson1 require the implementation and maintenance ofhazard controls for risk reduction.


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Hazard Control

The first consideration for controlling hazards isto eliminatethe hazard or substitutea lesshazardous material or process.

An example of this method is utilizing a water-based paint rather than a solvent-based paint.

This control measure minimizes flammablevapors as well as eliminates health concernsassociated with solvent-based paints.


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Hazard Control

When it is not possible to eliminate a

hazard, you should control the hazardusing the following methods (in order):

Engineering controls

Administrative controls

Personal Protective Equipment


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Hazard Control

Applying this hierarchy is a systematicapproach to identify the most effective

method of risk reduction. You want to

select the highest-level feasiblecontrol.


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Hazard Control - Engineering

If hazard elimination or substitution is not

feasible, engineering controls should beconsidered next.

Engineering controls are physical changesto the work area or process that effectivelyminimize a worker's exposure to hazards.


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Hazard Control - Engineering

Enclosed Hazard Enclosure of the hazard, such as enclosures for noisy

equipment.

Isolate Hazard

Isolation of the hazard with interlocks, machineguarding, welding curtains, and other mechanisms.

Remove / Redirect Hazard Removal or redirection of the hazard such as with

local and exhaust ventilation. Redesign Workplace

Redesign of workstation to minimize ergonomicinjuries.


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Poll Question #1


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Hazard Control

If engineering controlsare not feasible youmust then consider implementing administrativecontrols.

Administrative controls

No physical changes

Limits daily exposure to hazards by

Adjusting work tasks or schedules.


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Hazard Control - Administrative

Examples of administrative controlsinclude:

Limited time exposure to hazards

Written operating procedures,

Work practices, and

Safety and health rules for employees.


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Hazard Control - Administrative

Alarms, signs and warnings

Buddy system

Training

Stretching exercises and break policies


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Poll Question #2


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Hazard Control - PPE

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

Used when hazards cannot be eliminatedthrough engineering or administrative controls,

Must consider personal protective equipment(PPE) necessary for employee protection


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Poll Question #3


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Hazard Control - PPE

According to OSHA, PPE is acceptable as

a control method in the following situations:

Engineering controls do not eliminate hazard

While engineering controls are beingdeveloped

Administrative controls and safe work

practices are not sufficient protection, and During emergencies.


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Hazard Control

The most effective control measure = all threehazard control types.

For example, consider an operation that

generates silica dust. A ventilation system may be installed to control dust

(engineering control),

Employees are trained and a sign is posted to warn

employees of dangers (administrative controls) and Goggles are required to operate the equipment

(personal protective equipment).


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Hazard Control

Scenario CHC Determines Hazard Control

CHC was awarded a contract to replace an exhaustfan on the roof of a high school. Mary White sends acopy of the JHA that was developed for this task (seeLesson 3) so that the Operations crew can review anddevelop the appropriate hazard controls.

The Operations Foreman, Jack McDonald, isparticularly concerned about the fall protection for theroof where the work will be completed. He proceedsthrough the hierarchy of controls to ensure adequateprotection to prevent falls.
http://www.ies.ncsu.edu/shmscourse/lesson03/03_06jobhazard/03_06_02jobhazard/03_06_02jobhazard.htmhttp://www.ies.ncsu.edu/shmscourse/lesson03/03_06jobhazard/03_06_02jobhazard/03_06_02jobhazard.htm


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Hazard Control

Hazard Elimination. Can this work be donebelow 4 feet where fall protection would not berequired? The Operations crew agreed that thework cannotbe done below 4 feet, and therefore

engineering controls must be considered. Engineering Controls. The Operations crew

reviewed the roof area where the work will beconducted. There are no physical barriers suchas railings at the roof's edge and it is not feasibleto install them for this project alone.Administrative controls were then considered.


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Hazard Control

Administrative Controls. Fall protection warning linescould be installed 6 feet from the roof's edge to warnemployees when they are close to it. Although this is nota physical barrier, employees will be warned of theirproximity to the roof's edge. Additionally, one employeewill be stationed near the warning line when work is beingdone close to it. Employees have been trained in safework practices to prevent falls.

Personal Protective Equipment. Some of the

employees will work in an area with a roof skylight that isnot guarded with railings. These workers will beinstructed to wear personal fall arrest equipment andlifelines attached to an appropriate anchor point.


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Preventive Maintenance

A breakdown of equipment in your facility maycause hazards.

For example,

A pump that fails during the process of deliveringhazardous materials through your production facilitymay create a hazardous condition.

The best way to prevent breakdowns or failures is tomonitor and maintain your equipment regularly.

Determine what hazards could occur if your equipmentis not maintained properly and plan to detect failuresbefore they occur.


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Implement a written preventive maintenanceprogram,

Safety Equipment Examples- A confined

space entry gas monitor

Determine the intervals of required maintenance

on your equipment


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Non-Safety Equipment Example.

Forklifts in your facility have daily and annualinspection requirements. If there is any deterioration inthe hydraulic cylinders or tires the capacity ratingreduces and there may be a failure during a lift.Establish a regular inspection on a preventivemaintenance schedule to keep these devicesoperating safely.


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When developing systems, be sure to includeone for Disciplinary actions that cover all(employees, and contractors)

Ensure that it is applied consistently

Hazard Correction trackinghazards that havebeen identified must be tracked in order toeliminate and implement controls


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Poll Question #4


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Manage Change

A management of change programensuresthat any modifications or additions to yourequipment or processes are understood andcontrolled, and includes:

Updating relevant building or equipmentdrawings,

Modifying safety procedures, and

Training employees on the changes.


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Manage Change

Such a program is required for processes

that utilize highly hazardous chemicals thatare subject to the OSHA Process Safety

Management program (29 CFR 1910.119).

However, this program is beneficial for all

changes in your business, even if OSHAdoesn't require it.


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Manage Change

Conduct an analysis of new equipment andprocesses

Develop a system to conduct:

Comprehensive survey, JHA, or

Other worksite analysis technique on new equipmentor processes

Implement appropriate controls before beingplaced into service


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Manage Change

Example - Suppose your business introduces anew raw material into the production process.You must consider the following:

How the material will be stored and handled

What PPE may be required if engineering oradministrative controls are not effective at controllingexposures

If appropriate eyewash and safety showers are

available, and How to train your employees..


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Occupational Health Program

An occupational health program allows you torespond effectively to workplace injuries andillnesses and to monitor potential healthproblems.

Medical Services & First Aid You must make available physician services, first aid

and CPR to your employees. This does not mean thatyou must provide health care, but you are expected to

get medical help when medical conditions arise fromwork-related events.


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Medical Screening

Some OSHA standards require medicalscreening of employees. Medical screening

monitors if exposure to a hazard leads to apotential decline in health.

An example is exposure to noise and theHearing Conservation Program.


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Employee Medical Records The maintenance and confidentiality of employee

medical records are crucial.

According to OSHA, you must maintain an employee's

medical records for the duration of employment plus30 years.

Records include employment medical questionnairesor histories, results of laboratory tests or medical

screening, or physicians' opinions from work-relatedinjuries or illnesses.

Develop a system to maintain these records and toensure that they are kept in confidence.


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For more information on employee medicalrecords, see the OSHA standard Access toEmployee Exposure and Medical Records (29

CFR 1910.1020).


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Wellness Program

In your occupational health program, considerincluding health and wellness programs for youremployees.

Smoking cessation programs, diet and nutritioneducation, and physical fitness programs areexamples of programs that encourage employees tolead a healthy lifestyle, which helps them be healthy

for work


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Poll Question #5


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Emergency Planning

Effective planning for emergencies and

non-routine events is another mechanismof controlling hazards and avoiding

employee injuries. You have alreadylearned about the legal requirements foremergency planning.


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Emergency Planning

Written Emergency Plan Determine the actions that employees will take in the

event of a fire, chemical release or natural disaster.

Keep in mind those employees with disabilities,

language barriers and limited literacy. Develop the written plan and train your employees

prior to an emergency. Don't forget unexpected eventssuch as terrorist acts or workplace violence.

List emergency contacts and ensure the document isupdated regularly to reflect current personnel. You canfind a template for writing Emergency Action and FirePrevention Plans on Department of Labors website.


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Emergency Planning

Emergency Eyewash and Safety Showers Install emergency eyewash and safety

showers where chemicals are used or stored

to provide quick flushing if an employee isexposed to the chemical.

Pay close attention to areas such as batterycharging stations, maintenance operations,

and laboratories where corrosive materials areoften used and require prompt flushing toprevent significant skin or eye damage.


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Emergency Planning

Emergency Eyewash and Safety Showers

Include these units in your preventivemaintenance program. It's important to inspect

and flush the units regularly to verify operationand to ensure the water lines are clear ofdebris prior to emergency use.


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Emergency Planning

Emergency Drills Practice the elements of your emergency

action plan by conducting regular fire

and/or natural disasters drills. Ensure that employees know how to

evacuate buildings, where to take shelterand who will take headcounts.


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Emergency Planning

Emergency Contacts Post emergency numbers at centrally located

bulletin boards and update the list regularly toreflect current personnel.

Ensure that employees who will operatecritical equipment following an emergency areproperly trained.


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Emergency Planning

Local Emergency Responders

Coordinate your emergency planning with thelocal emergency responders, such as the fire

department and/or hazardous materialsteams.

Invite them to your facility to teach them yourspecific worksite hazards and to improve theemergency response time.


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Contractor Safety

Most companies hire contractors at some

time to perform specific tasks for whichtheir own employees may not have the

time or expertise.

It is in your best interest to ensure thatcontractors at your worksite(s) are

appropriately trained and follow all safework practices.


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Contractor Safety

Selection Criteria Establish selection criteria for hiring contractors.

Consider the contractor's past performance in safetyand health during the bid process.

This may include requesting data from their OSHA 300Log for several years.

Ensure that contractors have an effective safety andhealth management program in place prior to entering

your worksite.


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Contractor Safety

Oversight Establish oversight, coordination and

enforcement to ensure the contractor safetyand health program is adequate and

implemented properly.

Verify that contractors comply with applicablesafety and health regulations by conducting

regular inspections of the area where thecontractors are working.


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Contractor Safety

Establishment of Procedures Develop appropriate entry and exit procedures

for the contractors.

If cigarette smoking is allowed on yourworksite, establish safe locations for contractemployees to smoke, keeping away fromstorage of flammable or dust-explosive

materials.


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Contractor Safety

Prompt Control of Hazards Ensure prompt correction and/or control of

any hazards that are identified under thecontractor's control.

Consider penalties such as contractorcorrection and/or contractor dismissal forrepeated noncompliance by contractors,

vendors or individuals.


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Contractor Safety

Injury & Illness Reporting

Develop a system so that all injuries andillnesses that occur during work performed on

a contract are reported to you or someone inyour company.


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Poll Question #6


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Contractor Safety Exercise 1

CHC Selects a Crane Contractor

Instructions: Evaluate the following datasubmitted from three different crane

contractors. Each contractor has approximately the same

number of employees.

Based on their safety performance alone,which contractor would you select?


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Contractor Safety Exercise 1

Company # of Injuries

(Last 3 Years)(a) SHMS in Place?

Employee

S&H Training

Required?

A 8 No No

B 1 Yes Yes

C 3 Yes Yes

(a) Injuries that company recorded on OSHA 300 Log.


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Contractor Safety Scenario

CHCs Welding Contractor CHC hired a contractor to assist with welding

operations while installing an exhaust fan on the roofof the high school.

Mark Rebell was walking the job site when he noticedthe welding contractor did not enclose the weldingarea, where practical, with appropriate weldingcurtains and did not have a fire extinguisher nearbyduring the welding operation.

Although no one was injured and there was nobuilding damage, this action clearly violated thestandard CHC safe practice


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Mark immediately notified the CHCOperations Foreman. Together, they told theworkers of the welding contractor to halt the

work. Then, they called the Foreman of the

welding contractor to discuss the correctand safe work practices.

CHC wrote a Near-Miss Report to documentthe action and reviewed the correctiveactions with the welding contractor.


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The welding contractor was told that ifanother unsafe act was observed, CHCwould remove his workers from the job site

and his company would be removed fromthe list of approved contractors.

If the contractor had violated a safety rulethat had the potential to cause death or

serious physical harm, he would not havebeen given another chance and would havebeen removed from the site immediately.


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Conclusion

This is the end of Lesson 4, please take the post-test and complete the lesson evaluation form.

Sign up for Lesson 5 or any other sessions.

In order to get your certificate of completion for

this series, you must complete all 5 lessons.


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This course, funded by an OSHA-sponsored Susan

Harwood grant, is designed to assist small and mediumsized businesses in developing and implementing aneffective safety and health management system.

This material was produced under grant SH-17814-08-60-F-24 from the Occupational Safety HealthAdministration, U.S. Department of Labor. It does notnecessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S.Department of Labor, nor does mention of trade names,commercial products, or organizations imply

endorsement by the U.S. Government.
http://www.osha.gov/as/opa/osha-faq.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/as/opa/osha-faq.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/as/opa/osha-faq.htmlhttp://www.osha.gov/as/opa/osha-faq.html

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