4 dr safaa counseling for change class

89

Upload: safaa-badr

Post on 05-Apr-2018

219 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 189

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 289

1- Define counseling nutrition or dietary counseling and its goals

2- Discuss modification of health behaviours

and habits3- Behaviour change Theories4- A Quick Guide to Dietary amp Lifestyle

Counseling The 5A Technique5- Barrier for change6- Weight management and what is work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 389

A process that assists people to learn aboutthemselves their environment and methodsof handling problems

Means simply interpersonal communicationdesigned for helping another person to makea decision

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 489

Listen react to help others solve their ownproblems

Help others arrive at the right answer

Counsel when

Someone needs encouragement Help solve a problem Interpret facts

Resolve indecision or confusion

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 589

Counseling components

Giving information

Caring about patient

Listening and response

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689

It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating

knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789

1- Change behavior

2- Manage the disease

3- Improve risk factors for overall health

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889

Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)

Altered risk factors

Desirable health outcomes

Economic benefits

Dietary Counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 289

1- Define counseling nutrition or dietary counseling and its goals

2- Discuss modification of health behaviours

and habits3- Behaviour change Theories4- A Quick Guide to Dietary amp Lifestyle

Counseling The 5A Technique5- Barrier for change6- Weight management and what is work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 389

A process that assists people to learn aboutthemselves their environment and methodsof handling problems

Means simply interpersonal communicationdesigned for helping another person to makea decision

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 489

Listen react to help others solve their ownproblems

Help others arrive at the right answer

Counsel when

Someone needs encouragement Help solve a problem Interpret facts

Resolve indecision or confusion

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 589

Counseling components

Giving information

Caring about patient

Listening and response

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689

It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating

knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789

1- Change behavior

2- Manage the disease

3- Improve risk factors for overall health

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889

Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)

Altered risk factors

Desirable health outcomes

Economic benefits

Dietary Counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 389

A process that assists people to learn aboutthemselves their environment and methodsof handling problems

Means simply interpersonal communicationdesigned for helping another person to makea decision

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 489

Listen react to help others solve their ownproblems

Help others arrive at the right answer

Counsel when

Someone needs encouragement Help solve a problem Interpret facts

Resolve indecision or confusion

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 589

Counseling components

Giving information

Caring about patient

Listening and response

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689

It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating

knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789

1- Change behavior

2- Manage the disease

3- Improve risk factors for overall health

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889

Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)

Altered risk factors

Desirable health outcomes

Economic benefits

Dietary Counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 489

Listen react to help others solve their ownproblems

Help others arrive at the right answer

Counsel when

Someone needs encouragement Help solve a problem Interpret facts

Resolve indecision or confusion

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 589

Counseling components

Giving information

Caring about patient

Listening and response

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689

It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating

knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789

1- Change behavior

2- Manage the disease

3- Improve risk factors for overall health

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889

Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)

Altered risk factors

Desirable health outcomes

Economic benefits

Dietary Counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 589

Counseling components

Giving information

Caring about patient

Listening and response

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689

It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating

knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789

1- Change behavior

2- Manage the disease

3- Improve risk factors for overall health

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889

Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)

Altered risk factors

Desirable health outcomes

Economic benefits

Dietary Counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689

It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating

knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789

1- Change behavior

2- Manage the disease

3- Improve risk factors for overall health

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889

Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)

Altered risk factors

Desirable health outcomes

Economic benefits

Dietary Counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789

1- Change behavior

2- Manage the disease

3- Improve risk factors for overall health

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889

Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)

Altered risk factors

Desirable health outcomes

Economic benefits

Dietary Counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889

Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)

Altered risk factors

Desirable health outcomes

Economic benefits

Dietary Counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989

Modification of Health

Behaviors

CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change

that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089

Fear Appeals

Changing Health Habits

Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold

Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189

FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create

less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches

A) Fear effective when

1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines

B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect

-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior

c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances

Is Fear Effective

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289

Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end

message = short clear direct

explicit conclusions

extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear

Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex

InformationalEducational Appeals

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389

Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur

Focus on problems that may occur if management not done

ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes

Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained

ldquoGainFramerdquo

Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides

Changing Health Habits

Attitude Change and Health Behavior

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489

Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes

Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes

Educational Appeals Message Framing

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589

The Challenge of Change

bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern

bull

Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689

Health Beliefs Model

Theory of Reasoned Action

Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy

Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control

Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change

Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological

Behavioral and Societal Influences

National Academy Press Washington DC 2001

Behaviour change Theories

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789

Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices

a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat

Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to

control onersquos practice of a particular behavior

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889

Health Belief Model

bull Must believe heshe is susceptible

bull Must perceive the potential seriousness

bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and

inconvenience

bull Must believe heshe is capable

bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989

Health Belief Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089

bull

Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values

Reasoned Action

Pros and Cons

Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more

precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of

causation

Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between

attitude and behavior change and External social factors

rather than simply internally perceived threats are

measured

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189

Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance

for Weight Loss

For example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289

Transtheoretical Model

bull Stages of Change

bull Processes of

Changebull Decisional balance

bull Self - efficacy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389

Uninformed precontemplators

(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)

Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or

discussing about it)

Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)

Waving the white flag of surrender

(Resigned to their fate )

Precomtemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489

Seriously thinking about changing their

behavior sometime in the future (6 months)

Becoming more aware of the consequences

of their behaviors

Spend time thinking about analyzing

discussing learning about their problem

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589

Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange

Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior

and change

Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros

Contemplation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689

Planning to change their behavior very soon

( 30 days)

Continue to assess themselves and their behavior

Grow increasingly confident that they are capable

of change

Advantages far outweigh disadvantages

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789

Focus on how to overcome the problem

Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals

the chance to firmly commit to change)

Make a viable plan for change

Prepare for roadblocks

Preparation

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889

Patients take specific overt steps to change

health behaviors

Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease

Self efficacy increases (belief that they will

succeed)

Perceptions about the benefits and value of

changing rise

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989

Review their commitment

Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder

Likely to seek help from others

Action

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089

Goal permanent change

Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for

6 months or more

Become increasingly confident they can

continue their behavior change

Less tempted to go back to old habits

Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting

to old behavior

Maintenance

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189

Commitment (self-liberation)

Countering

Environment control (stimulus control)

Rewards

Helping relationships

Behavioral processes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289

Know a patientrsquos stage of change

80 are in one of pre-action stages

Most programs designed for action stage

Consciousness raising techniques

Emotional arousal

Self-reevaluation

Using the Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389

Advantages of Using Model

Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)

Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions

when patients fail to reach goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489

Treatment Goal based on Stage

Documentation in medical record

Provides description of ability andor

willingness to comply

Measuring Success

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589

Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level

of understanding

Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming

Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients

Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety

Ability to communicate in a way that assures their

being able to recall information actively

Ability to provide them with feedback

Effective Communication

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689

Empowering Clients

Steps to Patient Empowerment

Identify diet related problems and issues

Identify associated thoughts and feelings

Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and

establish self-care goals

Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789

Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses

Patients are active participants

Does not dwell on failures of past

Engage in problem solving as partners

The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of

helping

Solutions require some kind of action or change

from the patient

Goal oriented process

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889

Goal Identification

Positive specific attainable

Small clear practical

Goal Importance Identification

Motivation behind goal

Goal Roadblock Analysis

-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk

-lack of support

Goal Attainment

Goal Setting Strategies

SMART

SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable

Goal Setting

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989

Develop a relationship helping skills

Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo

Empower the patient to set hisher own goals

Summary

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089

Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189

A Quick Guide to Dietary

amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289

Evidence

bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults

bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone

bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes

US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002

Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489

I Ask

Ask about Exercise and Diet

II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

5 A s Approach

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589

Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical

activity

If yes perform diet habit and

nutrition assessments

I Ask

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789

Readiness to Change Model

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889

5 Arsquos Approach I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every

encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific

II Advise changing diet ndash be specific

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989

Advise patient to change the behavior

Make it personally relevant

Make it brief

ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this

behavior because rdquo

bull the risks of behavior

bull benefits of changing behavior

ADVISE

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089

Advice Example Physical Activity

ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity

most days

because you have several risks for CHD

and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL

Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189

The Exercise Prescription

Frequency

I ntensity

Type

Timing

bull 5-7 days wk

bull moderate ( 150 cald)

bull 50-70 HR max

bull various activities (see list)

bull lifestyle oriented

bullaccumulate 30 minday

bullstart low and progress

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289

bull higher compliance

bull easier start gradual increase

bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion

bull lower risk and cost

Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous

Exercise

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589

P ibl Di Ad i

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689

bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight

bull Less than 30 of calories from fat

bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)

bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday

bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day

bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday

Possible Dietary Advice

A l i h E id

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask

II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none

Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone

Applying the Evidence

Exercise and Nutrition

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889

Assist

bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change

Pre-contemplation (not interested)

ASSISTANCE

Offer educational material

Invite future inquires

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989

Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance

ASSISTANCE

1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal

High Risk Situations2 Address barriers

Provide educational materials

Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189

The most common Barriers to

Modifying Poor Health Behaviors

1-Stress and low social support

2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)

3-Cumulative damage

(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and

addictive

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289

Typical barriers might include

Hunger or withdrawal symptoms

Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)

Depression

Unrealistic goals

Environmental barriers

Financial concerns

Barriers to Dietary changes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389

Barriers to Dietary changes

bull Restrictive dietary pattern

bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior

bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable

bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits

bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods

preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious

bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link

bull Misinformation from unreliable sources

And may be also

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489

Barriers to Physical Activity

Major barriers

Moderate barriers

Minor barriers

lack of time

lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost

Illness injury lack of facilities nearby

Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury

Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation

Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589

Negative mood sad frustrated

Positive mood celebrating

Social when with friends

Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo

Physical cravings

Habit TV driving studying

Identify Personal High Risk Situations

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689

Solutions might include

Problem solving

Support groups

Psychotherapy

Medication

bull Psychotherapist

bull Personal trainerbull Group program

bull Health educator

Referral

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789

Counseling Services that can be

Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to

change and barriers to change

bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories

choosing healthier foods shopping motivational

tools food models etc)

bull Frequent follow-up

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889

5 Arsquos Approach

I Ask II Assess readiness for change

III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter

IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on

V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on

progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended

ARRANGE FOLLOW UP

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989

ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP

bull During current visit

ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)

bull At the follow-up visit

ndash find out how patient is doing

ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy

behavior or are having problems

Strategies for Maintaining

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089

Strategies for Maintaining

Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs

bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting

bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining

bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship

bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement

The 5 A behavioral counseling framework

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189

The 5-A behavioral counseling framework

A

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289

No two clients or situations are alike

No person or situation is static

Counselor is flexible on a continuum from

directive to non-directive

Client is world s greatest expert on own

problems

Counselor uses all available resources but

ultimately cannot be responsible for client

No one best approach in dealing with each

problem

Assumptions

Ad n d C n lin Skill

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389

Relationship building skills

Helping skills

Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client

Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific

uniqueness

Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship

Ability to assess and teach developmental skills

Advanced Counseling Skills

Treating Obesity Without

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489

Treating Obesity Without

Frustration

bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously

bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos

bull Assess readiness to change

bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation

bull Address obstacles creatively

bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred

bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance

Counseling Relationship

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589

Quality of relationship critical to effective

change

Collaboration rather than confrontation

Beyond simple information delivery training

in health behavior change

motivational interviewing

self-management education

Counseling Relationship Motivational

Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689

Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating

Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet

You know you should be exercising don t you

Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current

eating habits

Tell me about your current tobacco usage

What are some of your barriers to being

physically active

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789

Building Motivation for Change

Overcoming mistakes

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889

Overcoming mistakes

Positive self-talk Seek support

Plan positive activities

Challenge all-or nothing thinking

Exercise

Breaking the Cycle

Do Behavior Strategies work

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989

Do Behavior Strategies work

bull Strongly Evident

Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be

most effective over the short term

The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior

strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089

Common Components of Behavioral therapy

in diet Control

Set realistic goals

Self-monitoring

Problem Solving

Stimulus control

Social support Relapse prevention

Self monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189

bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of

target behaviors

bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the

first two weeks

bull After which to complete food records at least two days

per week and one weekend amp continue to record the

frequency and duration of exercise

Self-monitoring

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289

Stimulus control

bull A process which involves identifying and

modifying environmental cues that are

associated with overeating and inactivity

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389

bull Stress management techniques

bull Environmental changes to control cue

eating and PA habits

Stimulus control

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489

bull Studies show that persons with

higher levels of social support tend

to be more successful at achieving

and maintaining weight loss

Social Support

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689

bull Continued contact is an important component

of the maintenance program

bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver

behavioral treatment programs via television or

the Internet

Support for Healthy Eating

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789

Support for Healthy Eating

bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change

bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over

longer period

bull Another approach is to involve the spouse

bull Another one is to involve friends

bull Incentives

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889

Behavioral approaches are used to help

patients make long-term changes in their

eating

Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of

dietary intake and modifying the cues and

re- inforcers in the environment

Better results have been achieved with longer

periods of treatment contact and more

structured approaches

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END

7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class

httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989

Q i

THANK YOU

THE END