4 dr safaa counseling for change class
TRANSCRIPT
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 189
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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1- Define counseling nutrition or dietary counseling and its goals
2- Discuss modification of health behaviours
and habits3- Behaviour change Theories4- A Quick Guide to Dietary amp Lifestyle
Counseling The 5A Technique5- Barrier for change6- Weight management and what is work
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A process that assists people to learn aboutthemselves their environment and methodsof handling problems
Means simply interpersonal communicationdesigned for helping another person to makea decision
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Listen react to help others solve their ownproblems
Help others arrive at the right answer
Counsel when
Someone needs encouragement Help solve a problem Interpret facts
Resolve indecision or confusion
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Counseling components
Giving information
Caring about patient
Listening and response
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating
knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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1- Change behavior
2- Manage the disease
3- Improve risk factors for overall health
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)
Altered risk factors
Desirable health outcomes
Economic benefits
Dietary Counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
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FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 289
1- Define counseling nutrition or dietary counseling and its goals
2- Discuss modification of health behaviours
and habits3- Behaviour change Theories4- A Quick Guide to Dietary amp Lifestyle
Counseling The 5A Technique5- Barrier for change6- Weight management and what is work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 389
A process that assists people to learn aboutthemselves their environment and methodsof handling problems
Means simply interpersonal communicationdesigned for helping another person to makea decision
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Listen react to help others solve their ownproblems
Help others arrive at the right answer
Counsel when
Someone needs encouragement Help solve a problem Interpret facts
Resolve indecision or confusion
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Counseling components
Giving information
Caring about patient
Listening and response
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689
It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating
knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789
1- Change behavior
2- Manage the disease
3- Improve risk factors for overall health
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)
Altered risk factors
Desirable health outcomes
Economic benefits
Dietary Counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
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Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
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Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A process that assists people to learn aboutthemselves their environment and methodsof handling problems
Means simply interpersonal communicationdesigned for helping another person to makea decision
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Listen react to help others solve their ownproblems
Help others arrive at the right answer
Counsel when
Someone needs encouragement Help solve a problem Interpret facts
Resolve indecision or confusion
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Counseling components
Giving information
Caring about patient
Listening and response
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating
knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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1- Change behavior
2- Manage the disease
3- Improve risk factors for overall health
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)
Altered risk factors
Desirable health outcomes
Economic benefits
Dietary Counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
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Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Listen react to help others solve their ownproblems
Help others arrive at the right answer
Counsel when
Someone needs encouragement Help solve a problem Interpret facts
Resolve indecision or confusion
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Counseling components
Giving information
Caring about patient
Listening and response
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689
It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating
knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789
1- Change behavior
2- Manage the disease
3- Improve risk factors for overall health
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)
Altered risk factors
Desirable health outcomes
Economic benefits
Dietary Counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 589
Counseling components
Giving information
Caring about patient
Listening and response
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating
knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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1- Change behavior
2- Manage the disease
3- Improve risk factors for overall health
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)
Altered risk factors
Desirable health outcomes
Economic benefits
Dietary Counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 689
It is the process of helping a client change eating patterns and food behavior simply communicating
knowledge and constitutes an appropriate diet forthat person
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789
1- Change behavior
2- Manage the disease
3- Improve risk factors for overall health
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)
Altered risk factors
Desirable health outcomes
Economic benefits
Dietary Counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 789
1- Change behavior
2- Manage the disease
3- Improve risk factors for overall health
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889
Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)
Altered risk factors
Desirable health outcomes
Economic benefits
Dietary Counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 889
Changes in Food Intake (Compliance)
Altered risk factors
Desirable health outcomes
Economic benefits
Dietary Counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489
Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 989
Modification of Health
Behaviors
CHANGING HEALTH ATTITUDES assumes that if you can change a persons attitude aboutheir health behavior they will be motivated to change
that behavior (Hovland et al 1953)Four factors1) the characteristics of the communicator2) the characteristics of the message3) channel of communication4) characteristics of the audienceImportance of the content of the message and framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389
Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489
Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1089
Fear Appeals
Changing Health Habits
Research has found this doesnrsquot always hold
Too much fear may undermine changeRecommendations for action should be given John Huston
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289
Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389
Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489
Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589
The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1189
FEAR -most people believe that fear is effective yet can create
less attitude and behavior change than positive approaches
A) Fear effective when
1) threat seems immediate and likely 2) people must be given recommendations for action and informationabout the efficacy of these health behaviors Without an alternativecourse of action the impact of fear declines
B ) Fear is not sufficient -may have the opposite effect
-- ignore or deny the problem if too anxious and given no means of solving it Effects are short-lived habituate to fear messages-- fear can inhibit behavior
c) Fear may not be necessary - information alone or with aositive a eal is better under certain circumstances
Is Fear Effective
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289
Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389
Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489
Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589
The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1289
Communication - colorful vivid examples avoid stats Source- expert prestigious honest Discuss both sides if no consensus but not if audience in agreement Strong points made at the beginning and end
message = short clear direct
explicit conclusions
extreme messages more effective but limits Avoid VERY extreme messages amp eliciting too much fear
Limits of informational appeals are due to the complex multistageprocess of attitude change attention comprehension yieldingretention and action recommendations Links between attitudes andbehavior are complex
InformationalEducational Appeals
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389
Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489
Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589
The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789
Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1389
Illness Detection Emphasize problems that may occur
Focus on problems that may occur if management not done
ldquoRisk Framerdquo for changing attitudes
Health Promotion Emphasize benefits to be gained
ldquoGainFramerdquo
Non-receptive audiences need to hear both sides
Changing Health Habits
Attitude Change and Health Behavior
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489
Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589
The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1489
Messages that emphasize potential Problems Work better for behaviors that have uncertainoutcomes
Messages that stress benefits Work better forbehaviors with certain outcomes
Educational Appeals Message Framing
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589
The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789
Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1589
The Challenge of Change
bull Moving out of a desired or valued pattern
bull
Moving into a rejected or unknown pattern
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789
Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1689
Health Beliefs Model
Theory of Reasoned Action
Social Cognitive TheorySelf-efficacy
Social Learning TheoryLocus of Control
Transtheoretical ModelStages of Change ampProcesses of Change
Institute of Medicine Health and Behavior the Interplay of Biological
Behavioral and Societal Influences
National Academy Press Washington DC 2001
Behaviour change Theories
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789
Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1789
Health Belief Model ndash Whether a person practices
a health behavior depends on The degree to whichthe person perceives a personal health threat Theperception that a particular behavior will effectively reduce the threat
Self-Efficacy ndash The belief that one is able to
control onersquos practice of a particular behavior
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1889
Health Belief Model
bull Must believe heshe is susceptible
bull Must perceive the potential seriousness
bull Must believe that benefits outweigh the costs and
inconvenience
bull Must believe heshe is capable
bull There must be a ldquocue to actionrdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 1989
Health Belief Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
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Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2089
bull
Consideration of pros and consbull Choice based on options and values
Reasoned Action
Pros and Cons
Similar to the Health Beliefs Model but allows more
precise measurement of concepts and specifies paths of
causation
Focuses on intention to act as a key mediator between
attitude and behavior change and External social factors
rather than simply internally perceived threats are
measured
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2189
Reasoned action ampDecisional Balance
for Weight Loss
For example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2289
Transtheoretical Model
bull Stages of Change
bull Processes of
Changebull Decisional balance
bull Self - efficacy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2389
Uninformed precontemplators
(Not aware of the seriousness of disease)
Resistant precontemplators(Actively resist change by not thinking or
discussing about it)
Defeated precontemplators( Demoralized by previous failures to change)
Waving the white flag of surrender
(Resigned to their fate )
Precomtemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2489
Seriously thinking about changing their
behavior sometime in the future (6 months)
Becoming more aware of the consequences
of their behaviors
Spend time thinking about analyzing
discussing learning about their problem
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2589
Begin to identify personal strengths and barriers tochange
Weigh the positive and negative aspects of behavior
and change
Perceived cons of changing outweigh the pros
Contemplation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2689
Planning to change their behavior very soon
( 30 days)
Continue to assess themselves and their behavior
Grow increasingly confident that they are capable
of change
Advantages far outweigh disadvantages
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2789
Focus on how to overcome the problem
Begin crafting an action plan(The Cornerstone of effective action Gives individuals
the chance to firmly commit to change)
Make a viable plan for change
Prepare for roadblocks
Preparation
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2889
Patients take specific overt steps to change
health behaviors
Have attained a behavioral criterion that issufficient to reduce risks for disease
Self efficacy increases (belief that they will
succeed)
Perceptions about the benefits and value of
changing rise
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 2989
Review their commitment
Develop plans to deal with personal andexternal pressures that may hinder
Likely to seek help from others
Action
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3089
Goal permanent change
Maintained behavioral criterion they attained for
6 months or more
Become increasingly confident they can
continue their behavior change
Less tempted to go back to old habits
Acknowledge they are still vulnerable to reverting
to old behavior
Maintenance
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3189
Commitment (self-liberation)
Countering
Environment control (stimulus control)
Rewards
Helping relationships
Behavioral processes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3289
Know a patientrsquos stage of change
80 are in one of pre-action stages
Most programs designed for action stage
Consciousness raising techniques
Emotional arousal
Self-reevaluation
Using the Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3389
Advantages of Using Model
Help people stay in treatment (it meets theirneeds)
Progress toward final treatment goalReduced frustration by health care professions
when patients fail to reach goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3489
Treatment Goal based on Stage
Documentation in medical record
Provides description of ability andor
willingness to comply
Measuring Success
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3589
Ability to use language appropriate to patient s level
of understanding
Giving enough knowledge but not overwhelming
Ability to develop a relationship between themselvesand their patients
Ability to talk to them in a way that relieves anxiety
Ability to communicate in a way that assures their
being able to recall information actively
Ability to provide them with feedback
Effective Communication
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3689
Empowering Clients
Steps to Patient Empowerment
Identify diet related problems and issues
Identify associated thoughts and feelings
Identify health-related attitudes and beliefs and
establish self-care goals
Help patient develop and commit to a plan forachieving the goal
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3789
Potential for individual s growth in direction heor she chooses
Patients are active participants
Does not dwell on failures of past
Engage in problem solving as partners
The relationship is a key to the effectiveness of
helping
Solutions require some kind of action or change
from the patient
Goal oriented process
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3889
Goal Identification
Positive specific attainable
Small clear practical
Goal Importance Identification
Motivation behind goal
Goal Roadblock Analysis
-Lack of knowledge skills-Inability to take a risk
-lack of support
Goal Attainment
Goal Setting Strategies
SMART
SpecificMeasurable AttainableRealistic Trackable
Goal Setting
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 3989
Develop a relationship helping skills
Determine patientrsquos ldquoStage of Changerdquo
Empower the patient to set hisher own goals
Summary
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4089
Factors that Influence our Decisions about Behaviors
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4189
A Quick Guide to Dietary
amp Lifestyle Counseling The 5A Technique
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4289
Evidence
bull Counseling about diet exercise or bothtogether with behavioral interventionsproduce modest sustained weight loss(typically 3-5 kg for 1 year or more) in obeseadults
bull Written exercise prescriptions may be moreeffective compared to counseling alone
bull This was based on an ldquoAsk assess andadviserdquo model and took 5-10 minutes
US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) 2002
Physical Activity Counseling and Screening for Obesity in Adults
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4389
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4489
I Ask
Ask about Exercise and Diet
II Assess readiness for changeIII Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
5 A s Approach
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4589
Would the patient would benefitfrom changes in nutrition or physical
activity
If yes perform diet habit and
nutrition assessments
I Ask
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4689
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
Assess if they are ready to add exercise orchange dietary habits
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4789
Readiness to Change Model
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4889
5 Arsquos Approach I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at every
encounterI Advise adding exercise ndash be specific
II Advise changing diet ndash be specific
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 4989
Advise patient to change the behavior
Make it personally relevant
Make it brief
ldquoIrsquod advise you to change this
behavior because rdquo
bull the risks of behavior
bull benefits of changing behavior
ADVISE
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5089
Advice Example Physical Activity
ldquo you should get 30 minutes of physical activity
most days
because you have several risks for CHD
and physical activity can lower all of these risks(Obesity High LDL Cholesterol Low HDL
Cholesterol Diabetes Hypertension risk of MI)rdquo
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5189
The Exercise Prescription
Frequency
I ntensity
Type
Timing
bull 5-7 days wk
bull moderate ( 150 cald)
bull 50-70 HR max
bull various activities (see list)
bull lifestyle oriented
bullaccumulate 30 minday
bullstart low and progress
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5289
bull higher compliance
bull easier start gradual increase
bull convenient lifestyle approachbull lower perceived exertion
bull lower risk and cost
Benefit of Moderate vs Vigorous
Exercise
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5389
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5489
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5589
P ibl Di Ad i
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5689
bull Calories to maintain ideal body weight
bull Less than 30 of calories from fat
bull Low saturated and trans fat (as low as possible below 10 of calories)
bull 20-35 grams of fiberdaybull At least 5 fruits and vegetablesday
bull lt 25 grams sodium (6 grams salt)day
bull 04 mg of folate and 1200 mg of calciumday
Possible Dietary Advice
A l i h E id
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5789
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask
II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work onExercise ndash start slow ANY movement is better than none
Nutrition - Find ldquohigh yieldrdquo items (drinks lack of veggies)
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phone
Applying the Evidence
Exercise and Nutrition
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5889
Assist
bull How to assist depends upon readiness tochange and barriers to change
Pre-contemplation (not interested)
ASSISTANCE
Offer educational material
Invite future inquires
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 5989
Contemplation Preparation Action Maintenance
ASSISTANCE
1 Identify barriers to change Identify Personal
High Risk Situations2 Address barriers
Provide educational materials
Inform of programs available in the communityOffer referral as needed for intensive counseling
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6089
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6189
The most common Barriers to
Modifying Poor Health Behaviors
1-Stress and low social support
2-Poor health habits become ingrained(very difficult to change)
3-Cumulative damage
(isnrsquot evident for years)4-Unhealthy behaviors can be pleasurable and
addictive
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6289
Typical barriers might include
Hunger or withdrawal symptoms
Fear of failureLack of support (family friends co-workers)
Depression
Unrealistic goals
Environmental barriers
Financial concerns
Barriers to Dietary changes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6389
Barriers to Dietary changes
bull Restrictive dietary pattern
bull Required changes in lifestyle and behavior
bull Symptom relief may not be noticeable
bull Interference of diet with familypersonal habits
bull In addition to Cost access to proper foods
preparation effortbull Denial or perceiving disease not serious
bull Poor understanding of dietdisease link
bull Misinformation from unreliable sources
And may be also
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6489
Barriers to Physical Activity
Major barriers
Moderate barriers
Minor barriers
lack of time
lack of energy lack of motivation Excessive cost
Illness injury lack of facilities nearby
Feeling uncomfortableLack of skillFear of injury
Lack of safe placesLack of child careLack of partnerInsufficient programsLack of supportLack of transportation
Canadian fitness and lifestyle research institute 1995
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6589
Negative mood sad frustrated
Positive mood celebrating
Social when with friends
Thoughts ldquoI must ______ rdquo
Physical cravings
Habit TV driving studying
Identify Personal High Risk Situations
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6689
Solutions might include
Problem solving
Support groups
Psychotherapy
Medication
bull Psychotherapist
bull Personal trainerbull Group program
bull Health educator
Referral
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6789
Counseling Services that can be
Provided by Dieticians bull Detailed diet assessment including readiness to
change and barriers to change
bull In depth dietary counseling (counting calories
choosing healthier foods shopping motivational
tools food models etc)
bull Frequent follow-up
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6889
5 Arsquos Approach
I Ask II Assess readiness for change
III Advise ndash brief recommendations at everyencounter
IV Assist ndash help identify one item to work on
V Arrange (follow-up) in person or by phoneSet a time for you or your staff to call to check on
progress or have the patient follow up - within amonth is recommended
ARRANGE FOLLOW UP
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 6989
ARRANGE FOLLOW-UP
bull During current visit
ndash schedule follow up (generally within 2 weeks)
bull At the follow-up visit
ndash find out how patient is doing
ndash recycle patients who have restarted unhealthy
behavior or are having problems
Strategies for Maintaining
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7089
Strategies for Maintaining
Dietary Changebull Tailoring diet to patientrsquos needs
bull Using social support inside and outsidehealthcare setting
bull Providing patient and caretaker with skills andtraining
bull Ensuring an effective patient-counselorrelationship
bull Evaluation follow-up and reinforcement
The 5 A behavioral counseling framework
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7189
The 5-A behavioral counseling framework
A
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7289
No two clients or situations are alike
No person or situation is static
Counselor is flexible on a continuum from
directive to non-directive
Client is world s greatest expert on own
problems
Counselor uses all available resources but
ultimately cannot be responsible for client
No one best approach in dealing with each
problem
Assumptions
Ad n d C n lin Skill
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7389
Relationship building skills
Helping skills
Ability to gain collaboration and empower the client
Sensitivity to multicultural and other client specific
uniqueness
Ability to sustain a long-term counseling relationship
Ability to assess and teach developmental skills
Advanced Counseling Skills
Treating Obesity Without
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7489
Treating Obesity Without
Frustration
bull Define ldquosuccessrdquo generously
bull Use a systematic approach 5Arsquos
bull Assess readiness to change
bull Assess barriers to changebull Use appropriate tools to assess motivation
bull Address obstacles creatively
bull Determine whether referral is appropriate and to whom patient should be referred
bull Frequent follow-up for patients in preparationaction or maintenance
Counseling Relationship
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7589
Quality of relationship critical to effective
change
Collaboration rather than confrontation
Beyond simple information delivery training
in health behavior change
motivational interviewing
self-management education
Counseling Relationship Motivational
Confrontational Inter ie ingFor example
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7689
Confrontational InterviewingFor how many years have you been overeating
Your blood sugar readings indicate that you arenot following your diabetic diet
You know you should be exercising don t you
Motivational InterviewingWhat concerns you about your current
eating habits
Tell me about your current tobacco usage
What are some of your barriers to being
physically active
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7789
Building Motivation for Change
Overcoming mistakes
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7889
Overcoming mistakes
Positive self-talk Seek support
Plan positive activities
Challenge all-or nothing thinking
Exercise
Breaking the Cycle
Do Behavior Strategies work
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 7989
Do Behavior Strategies work
bull Strongly Evident
Programs that combine diet exercise andbehavior modification have been shown to be
most effective over the short term
The NIH Guidelines reported that behavior
strategies in diet and physical activity produced wt losses of approximately 10 in 4-12 months
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8089
Common Components of Behavioral therapy
in diet Control
Set realistic goals
Self-monitoring
Problem Solving
Stimulus control
Social support Relapse prevention
Self monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8189
bull Involves the systematic observation and recording of
target behaviors
bull Daily food and physical activity (PA) records for the
first two weeks
bull After which to complete food records at least two days
per week and one weekend amp continue to record the
frequency and duration of exercise
Self-monitoring
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8289
Stimulus control
bull A process which involves identifying and
modifying environmental cues that are
associated with overeating and inactivity
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8389
bull Stress management techniques
bull Environmental changes to control cue
eating and PA habits
Stimulus control
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8489
bull Studies show that persons with
higher levels of social support tend
to be more successful at achieving
and maintaining weight loss
Social Support
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8589
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8689
bull Continued contact is an important component
of the maintenance program
bull Recently there have been efforts to deliver
behavioral treatment programs via television or
the Internet
Support for Healthy Eating
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8789
Support for Healthy Eating
bull Ongoing support for long term behavior change
bull One approach is to continue treatment contact over
longer period
bull Another approach is to involve the spouse
bull Another one is to involve friends
bull Incentives
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8889
Behavioral approaches are used to help
patients make long-term changes in their
eating
Behavioral approaches stress monitoring of
dietary intake and modifying the cues and
re- inforcers in the environment
Better results have been achieved with longer
periods of treatment contact and more
structured approaches
7312019 4 Dr Safaa Counseling for Change Class
httpslidepdfcomreaderfull4-dr-safaa-counseling-for-change-class 8989
Q i
THANK YOU
THE END