4. curcic -atomic and molecular
TRANSCRIPT
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ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR
PHYSICS15 March 2011
Dr. Tatjana Curcic
Program Manager
AFOSR/RSE
Air Force Office of Scientific Research
AFOSR
Distribution A: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 88ABW-2011-0752
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2011 AFOSR SPRING REVIEW2301D PORTFOLIO OVERVIEW
NAME: Tatjana Curcic
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PORTFOLIO:
Understanding interactions between atoms, molecules, ions, and
radiation.
LIST SUB-AREAS IN PORTFOLIO:
Cold/ultracold quantum gases (atomic and molecular); precision
measurement; AMO-based quantum information science;
ultrafast/ultraintense laser science.
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AMO Program: Overview
• Degenerate
quantum gases
• Strongly-interacting
quantum gases
• New phases of
matter
• Ultracold
molecules
• Precision
measurement
• Atom
interferometry
• Cold/ultracold
plasmas
• Relativistic
optics
• Attosecond
pulse generation
• Extreme light
diagnostics
• Filamentation
• Quantum simulation
• Quantum communication
• Quantum metrology and sensing
• Quantum control
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Scientific and Transformational Opportunities
Scientific Opportunities Transformational Opportunities
Ultracold Molecules • Novel phases of matter
• Ultracold chemistry
Relativistic Optics • Compact affordable x-ray and directed particle
beam sources (“desk-top” FEL)
Quantum Memories and Interfaces • Long-distance quantum communication
Quantum Simulation • High-Tc superconductivity
• Novel phases of matter
Quantum Metrology and Sensing • Ultra-high-precision clocks
• High-resolution, high-sensitivity magnetometry
• High-sensitivity gravimetry
Atom Chips, Atom Interferometry • Precision inertial navigation in GPS-denied
environments
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Outline
Ultracold Molecules
• Ultracold chemistry in the quantum regimeFirst ultracold chemistry experiment demonstrating quantum effects
S. Ospelkaus, et al, Science 327, 853 (2010)
• Dipolar interactions of polar moleculesElectric field effects on chemical reaction rates
K.-K. Ni, et al, Nature 464, 1324 (2010)
• Control of ultracold reactions rates in an optical latticeEffect of dimensionality and molecular orientation on chemical reaction rates
M. H. G. de Miranda, et al, arXiv:1010.3731 (submitted)
• Laser cooling of a diatomic moleculeFirst laser cooling of a molecule
E. S. Shuman, et al, Nature 467, 820 (2010)
Quantum Communication: Quantum Memory with Telecom InterfaceFirst demonstration of a long-lived quantum memory with telecom-freq conversion
A. G. Radnaev, et al, Nature Physics 6, 894 (2010)
Atom Interferometry for Precision Inertial NavigationIn-house atom-chip development; 6.2 transition
Matthew B. Squires, et al, accepted in Rev. Sci. Instr. (2011)
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H2CO
OHH2O
HCO
QEDe- e-
e- e-
Quantum
dipolar gas
Precision
test
Ultracold
chemistry
Quantum
information
processing
Ultracold MoleculesFY09 MURI
Participating universities: U. Maryland/JQI, U. Colorado/JILA, U. Chicago,
Kansas State U., U. Connecticut, Yale, Harvard, MIT, Temple U., U.
Durham (England), U. Innsbruck (Austria)
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Outline
Ultracold Molecules
• Ultracold chemistry in the quantum regimeFirst ultracold chemistry experiment demonstrating quantum effects
S. Ospelkaus, et al, Science 327, 853 (2010)
• Dipolar interactions of polar moleculesElectric field effects on chemical reaction rates
K.-K. Ni, et al, Nature 464, 1324 (2010)
• Control of ultracold reactions rates in an optical latticeEffect of dimensionality and molecular orientation on chemical reaction rates
M. H. G. de Miranda, et al, arXiv:1010.3731 (submitted)
• Laser cooling of a diatomic moleculeFirst laser cooling of a molecule
E. S. Shuman, et al, Nature 467, 820 (2010)
Quantum Communication: Quantum Memory with Telecom InterfaceFirst demonstration of a long-lived quantum memory with telecom-freq conversion
A. G. Radnaev, et al, Nature Physics 6, 894 (2010)
Atom Interferometry for Precision Inertial NavigationIn-house atom-chip development; 6.2 transition
Matthew B. Squires, et al, accepted in Rev. Sci. Instr. (2011)
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Ultracold Chemistry
Collisions of atoms and molecules in
their lowest-energy internal states
Inelastic collisions between spin-polarized
or different spin-state fermionic molecules
in the rovibronic ground state of 40K87Rb
Reaction rates enhancement of 10-100X
observed depending on the internal
quantum state of the reacting species
S. Ospelkaus, et al, Science 327, 853 (2010)
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Dipolar Collisions of Polar Molecules
mL = ±1
mL = 0
Effective intermolecular potential
• Modest applied electric fields can drastically alter
molecular interactions
• Strong spatial anisotropy in inelastic collisions observed
K.-K. Ni, et al, Nature 464, 1324 (2010)
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Quantized Stereodynamics of
Chemical ReactionsM. H. G. de Miranda, et al, arXiv:1010.3731 (submitted)
• Chemical rate suppression by ~100x!
• Pathway towards quantum degeneracy
Loss rate constants
Collision potentials
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0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20
10-12
10-11
10-10
10-9
3D
D
D(
cm
3s
-1)
Dipole moment (D)E
Chemical Reaction Rates
from 3D to 2D
Pathway to quantum degeneracy!
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Outline
Ultracold Molecules
• Ultracold chemistry in the quantum regimeFirst ultracold chemistry experiment demonstrating quantum effects
S. Ospelkaus, et al, Science 327, 853 (2010)
• Dipolar interactions of polar moleculesElectric field effects on chemical reaction rates
K.-K. Ni, et al, Nature 464, 1324 (2010)
• Control of ultracold reactions rates in an optical latticeEffect of dimensionality and molecular orientation on chemical reaction rates
M. H. G. de Miranda, et al, arXiv:1010.3731 (submitted)
• Laser cooling of a diatomic moleculeFirst laser cooling of a molecule
E. S. Shuman, et al, Nature 467, 820 (2010)
Quantum Communication: Quantum Memory with Telecom InterfaceFirst demonstration of a long-lived quantum memory with telecom-freq conversion
A. G. Radnaev, et al, Nature Physics 6, 894 (2010)
Atom Interferometry for Precision Inertial NavigationIn-house atom-chip development; 6.2 transition
Matthew B. Squires, et al, accepted in Rev. Sci. Instr. (2011)
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Laser Cooling of a Diatomic Molecule: SrF
Only 3 lasers needed to scatter >105 photons
(enough to stop cryogenic beam of SrF)
X 2S v=0
v=1
v=2663 nm
98%
A 2P v=0
1/50686 nm
1 v2500
685 nm
v=1
v ≥3
<1/105
t=25 ns
E. S. Shuman, et al, Nature 467,
820 (2010)
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Experimental approach: 1D transverse cooling
• Long interaction region necessary for cooling with lowered scattering rate
• Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) gives the spatial distribution of the
molecular beam
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Laser Cooling of SrF
Laser-Induced Fluorescence─ without cooling lasers
─ with cooling lasers and red-
detuned pump laser
─ with cooling lasers and blue-
detuned pump laser
Transverse temperature of
SrF reduced to a few mK
First laser cooling of a molecule!
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Outline
Ultracold Molecules
• Ultracold chemistry in the quantum regimeFirst ultracold chemistry experiment demonstrating quantum effects
S. Ospelkaus, et al, Science 327, 853 (2010)
• Dipolar interactions of polar moleculesElectric field effects on chemical reaction rates
K.-K. Ni, et al, Nature 464, 1324 (2010)
• Control of ultracold reactions rates in an optical latticeEffect of dimensionality and molecular orientation on chemical reaction rates
M. H. G. de Miranda, et al, arXiv:1010.3731 (submitted)
• Laser cooling of a diatomic moleculeFirst laser cooling of a molecule
E. S. Shuman, et al, Nature 467, 820 (2010)
Quantum Communication: Quantum Memory with Telecom InterfaceFirst demonstration of a long-lived quantum memory with telecom-freq conversion
A. G. Radnaev, et al, Nature Physics 6, 894 (2010)
Atom Interferometry for Precision Inertial NavigationIn-house atom-chip development; 6.2 transition
Matthew B. Squires, et al, accepted in Rev. Sci. Instr. (2011)
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Quantum Networks
Quantum
Repeater
Site A
Site BEntanglement
Entanglement
Requirements
• Light-matter interface
• Quantum memory
• Elementary quantum gatesH.-J. Briegel, et al, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81,
5932 (1998)
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A. G. Radnaev, et al, Nature Physics 6, 894 (2010)
Demonstration of a long-lived (>0.1s) quantum memory
interfaced with telecom light
Quantum Memory with
Telecom-wavelength Conversion
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Classical and Quantum Light Storage
931 nm:
lattice
lattice
1/e lifetime = 0.17 s!
07.00.0)ms60(
12.018.0)s1.0(
Storage of single photons
Storage of coherent lightStark shift compensated lattice
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pItpIIs kkkk
Frequency Conversion to and from
Telecom Band
5S1/2 F = 1
6S1/2 F=1
5P1/2 F=25P3/2 F=2
pump II
1324 nm
telecom
1367 nm
signal
795 nm
pump I
780 nm
pItpIIs
1367 nm
795 nm
up
1367 nm
795 nm
down
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Bandwidth
30 MHz
Semiconductor detector
Rb upconversion detector
High-Efficiency Low-Noise
Frequency Conversion
Telecom frequency conversion:
• Intrinsic conversion efficiency >50%
• Ultra-low-noise telecom single-photon detector
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Outline
Ultracold Molecules
• Ultracold chemistry in the quantum regimeFirst ultracold chemistry experiment demonstrating quantum effects
S. Ospelkaus, et al, Science 327, 853 (2010)
• Dipolar interactions of polar moleculesElectric field effects on chemical reaction rates
K.-K. Ni, et al, Nature 464, 1324 (2010)
• Control of ultracold reactions rates in an optical latticeEffect of dimensionality and molecular orientation on chemical reaction rates
M. H. G. de Miranda, et al, arXiv:1010.3731 (submitted)
• Laser cooling of a diatomic moleculeFirst laser cooling of a molecule
E. S. Shuman, et al, Nature 467, 820 (2010)
Quantum Communication: Quantum Memory with Telecom InterfaceFirst demonstration of a long-lived quantum memory with telecom-freq conversion
A. G. Radnaev, et al, Nature Physics 6, 894 (2010)
Atom Interferometry for Precision Inertial NavigationIn-house atom-chip development; 6.2 transition
Matthew B. Squires, et al, accepted in Rev. Sci. Instr. (2011)
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Atom Interferometry Based Precision Navigation
Atom versus light based interferometry
Cold atoms provide far more
sensitivity than light.
10105.6
photon
atom
• Cold atom INS: potentially provide
orders of magnitude better
performance than light based INS,
and accuracy comparable to GPS
for GPS-denied environments
• Miniaturization critical for certain
applications
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• Standard lithography used to precisely place wires on chips for tailored magnetic fields. Also results in reduced power dissipation. Confinement has potential for compact devices.
• New RVBY developed atom chip substrate
– Uses standard direct bonded copper (DBC)
– Simplified, Rapid (10x), & Reduced cost (20-50x)
– Improved power handling (>10x)
– Improved electrical connections
• Atom chips installed in RVBY CA system
Atom ChipsKey In-house Developed AFRL Technology
RVBY designed atom chip
(RYHC fabrication)RVBY designed and fabricated DBC atom chips.
RVBY CA system
In-house atom chip development
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Harmonic Chip Improvements
• Edges of chip are bent to
form leads better optical
access
• Harmonic Trapping Potential
uses dual layer chip to
improve harmonic purity
• AlN Substrate and direct
contact provide substantial
heat conduction
• Trapeze Wires are first step
in developing an optical
baffle
Harmonic Chip Experiment Overview
Transverse wires
Longitudinal wires
Origami Cuts
Completed Assembly
Trapeze Wires
http://arxiv.org/abs/1007.4851
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Atom Interferometry Experiment
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New CRDF (pending):Single Axis Unconfined Gyro/Accelerometer
AFRL Focus: Demonstrate exquisite accuracy and high
reliability at lower development and maintenance cost.
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Interactions with Other Agencies
Agency/Group POC Scientific Area
ARO Peter Reynolds
Paul Baker
Cold Quantum Gases
(CQG)
TR Govindan Quantum Information
Science (QIS)
Rich Hammond Ultrafast/Ultraintense
Phenomena (UUP)
ONR Charles Clark CQG, QIS
Ralph Wachter QIS
DARPA Jamil Abo-Shaeer CQG, QIS
Jag Shah QIS
Matt Goodman QIS
NSF Bob Dunford CQG, QIS, UUP
DoE Jeff Krause CQG, UUP
IARPA Michael Mandelberg QIS
QISCOG >20 program managers from
~10 agencies/institutions
QIS