3.tkdl

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WELCOME YOU ALL

Traditional Knowledge Digital Library Presented By; Dr.Saranya Sasi 1st Year PG ScholarGuided By;Dr.Gazala HussainAss.ProfDepartment Of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya KalpanaSDM College Of Ayurveda & Hospital Hassan

12-Mar-163RSBK - SDMCA HassanINTRODUCTIONIndia possesses a rich traditional knowledge which is generally being passed down by word of mouth from one generation to another. Most part of this traditional knowledge is inaccessible to common since it is described in ancient classical and other literature. There is also a threat of misuse of such knowledge through obtaining patents on non-original innovations which is a great loss to the country. TKDL addresses these issues.

TKDLCountryIndiaTypeDigital libraryScopetraditional knowledgeEstablished2001Websitewww.tkdl.res.in

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TKDL uses the tools of information technology and a novel classification system to make available traditional medical knowledge in digital form.

Vinod Kumar Gupta, who set up TKDL, devised a modern classification based on the structure of International Patent Classification (IPC) for Indias traditional systems: Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha & Yoga.

Set up in 2001, as a collaboration between theCouncil Of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and theDepartment of Ayurveda, Yoga, and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy (Dept. of AYUSH),Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India

How is it evolved?

12-Mar-166RSBK - SDMCA Hassan As of 2010, it hadtranscribed148 books onAyurveda, Unani, SiddhaandYogainpublic domain, into 34 million pages of information, translated into five languages English GermanFrenchSpanish Japanese.

Data on 80,000 formulations inAyurveda, 1,000,000 inUnani and 12,000 in Siddha had already been put in the TKDL.

Plus it has signed agreements with leading international patent offices such asEuropean Patent Office (EPO),United Kingdom Trademark & Patent Office(UKPTO) and theUnited States Patent and Trademark Office to protect traditional knowledge from bio piracy, by givingpatent examiners at international patent offices access to the TKDL database for patent search and examination

12-Mar-167RSBK - SDMCA HassanIMPORTANCE OF TKDL The Objective of the library is to protect the ancient and traditional knowledge of the country from exploitation through bio-piracy and unethical patent , by documenting it electronically and classifying it as per international patent classification systems.

Apart from that, non-patent database also serves to foster modern research based on traditional knowledge , as it simplifies access to this vast knowledge, be it of traditional remedies, or practices.

It has also signed agreements with leading international patent offices such as European Patent Office (EPO) United Kingdom Trademark & Patent Office (UKTPO) and the United States Patent and Trade mark Office to protect traditional knowledge from bio piracy, by giving patent examiners at International Patent Offices to access To the TKDL database for patent search and examinations purposes.

12-Mar-168RSBK - SDMCA HassanTKDL provides information on traditional knowledge existing in the country, in languages and format understandable by patent examiners at International Patent Offices (IPOs), so as to prevent the grant of wrong patents.TKDL thus acts as a bridge between the traditional knowledge information existing in local languages and the Patent Examiners at IPOs.

The Project TKDL involves documentation of the traditional knowledge available in public domain in the form of existing literature related to Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Yoga, in digitalized format in 5 International Languages such as English, German, French, Japanese and Spanish .

12-Mar-169RSBK - SDMCA HassanThe knowledge obtained from ancient Indian texts is stored in 34 million A4 size pages and translated into five foreign languages in Japanese, English, Spanish, German and French.It is not a transliteration; rather it is a knowledge-based conversion, where data abstracted once is converted into several languages by using Unicode, Metadata methodology. TKDL has signed access and non-disclosure agreements with the Indian and seven other global patent offices. This ensures near-foolproof security for our invaluable bio resources against piracy. All of this required not just high-end technology but also skills of a high technical order. And there were people with knowledge of ancient texts, modern medicine and technical terms of foreign languages. This was a tremendous exercise of global proportions and the price for this unique propriety system was Rs. 16 crore.


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12-Mar-1612RSBK - SDMCA Hassan The database can be searched in two ways viz Advanced Search: This option allows search using several search terms such as Keywords, Disease, IPC Code, Bibliography and Title, each individually specified. All these terms can be selected from appropriate help menus.Simple Search: Different search terms including Keywords, Diseases and IPC Codes can be used with the operator OR (the use of operator AND is not supported). The corresponding menu lists all the search terms available in this database and can be used to select the appropriate search term.Search Types and Search Options

12-Mar-1613RSBK - SDMCA Hassan TKDL database offers a strong backbone of Help Menu in the form of Keyword Help, IPC Help, Title Help, Biblio Help Disease Help, which facilitates effective searches. Help Menu


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It was initiated in 2001. The tasks included, for example, transcribingSanskrit Slokaswhich describe anAyurvedicformulation in text, using Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification (TKRC) devised for the purpose, so that it is easily understandable to any patent examiner, anywhere in the world. For this reason, the entire 34 million pages of text is available in English, German, French, Spanish and Japanese

12-Mar-1615RSBK - SDMCA Hassan The issue ofbio piracy and unethical bio prospecting made headlines after the government of India successfully revoked or limitedturmeric andbasmati rice patents granted by United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and theneem patent granted byEuropean Patent Office (EPO) in the late 1990s. Soon more such patent claims came to light Indias vast traditional medicine knowledge existed in languages likeSanskrit, Hindi, Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Tamil, making it inaccessible for examiners at international patent offices to verify claimsThis experience prompted theDepartment Of AYUSH , government of India to create a task force of experts in the areas of traditional medicine systems of India , Patent Examiners,IT experts, scientists and technical officers, for the creation Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL).

12-Mar-1616RSBK - SDMCA Hassan As the database project reached its completion, in 2006 the government allowed access to the library to internationalpatent officers, includingEuropean Patent Office (EPO), Japan and the UK, subject to anon-disclosure clause. This allows patent examiners to evaluate patent applications and stop attempts to patent traditional knowledge as "new" inventions Agreements were signed with EPO in February 2009, with United Kingdom Trademark & Patent Office (UKPTO) in January 2010, and with the U.S Patent and Trademark Office(USPTO) after the summit meeting between US President Barack Obama and Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, also in January 2010.

With patent examiners getting access to the TKDL database, legal cases regarding unethical patent claims, which had taken years and vast expenditure for each case, could be avoided Another project to include data relating to 1,500 postures inYogabegan in 2008, after new reports of a large number of false gurus and yoga masters, who attempted to patent this ancient knowledge in their own countries. For example, 131 yoga-related patents were traced in the US alone in 2007. After an uproar in the parliament and media, the government of India took up the issue with the USPTO.

12-Mar-1617RSBK - SDMCA Hassan Thereafter, a team of yoga gurus from nine schools working with government officials and 200 scientists from the Council Of Scientific Industrial Research (CSIR) scanned 35 ancient texts including the Hindu epics the Mahabharata and Bhagwad Gita, and Patanjalis Yoga Sutras to register each native pose. At the end of 2009, 1500asanas were to be added. In 2010, Union Environment Minister, Jairam Ramesh stated that over eight years 34 million pages of information have been collected at an estimated cost of Rs 7 crore; at least 36 cases had been identified by the EPO and 40 cases by USPTO, using TKDL As a future project, a peoples Register of Biodiversity, is being set up by the government, to document and protect, traditional knowledge passed down through theoral tradition ,under Indias National Biodiversity Act of 2002


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12-Mar-1619RSBK - SDMCA HassanS.NACTIVITYPERIODRESPONSIBILITY1Recognition of need of creation of Traditional Knowledge (TK) data bases and need of support to developing countries by Standing Committee on Information Technology (SCIT) of World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).June, 1999Third Plenary Session of SCIT, WIPO under the Chairmanship of Dr. R. A. Mashelkar, the then Director General of CSIR, India2Direction to Department of Indian Systems of Medicine & Homoeopathy (ISM&H)* for initiating measures to protect Indian Traditional Knowledge, in particular,AyurvedaPlanning Commission constitutes Task Force under the Chairmanship of Prof. D.N.Tiwari,the then Member Planning Commission on S&T

12-Mar-1620RSBK - SDMCA Hassan3Approach paper on setting up of TKDL.October, 1999Paper prepared by Mr. V. K. Gupta, the then Senior Technical Director, National Informatics Centre at the direction of the then Secretary, Department of ISM&H*4Submission of approach paper to SCIT, WIPODecember, 1999Dr. R. A. Mashelkar, the then Director General of CSIR, India5Presenting TKDL Concept & Vision at International forumMay, 2000Dr.R.A.Mashelkar, the then Director General of CSIR, India6Cabinet Committee of Economic Affairs (CCEA's) approval on TKDL ProjectJanuary, 2001Department of ISM&H

12-Mar-1621RSBK - SDMCA Hassan7.TDKL Software, specification and designJuly, 2001Mr. V. K. Gupta, the then Director, NISCOM**8Establishing TKDL team of Project Assistants (IT), Ayurveda, Patent Examiners, etc.October, 2001 to March, 2002NISCOM**, CCRAS, Department of ISM&H* and CGPDTM.9Completing data abstraction work on 36,000 Ayurveda formulations for creating TKDL in five languages, i.e. English, German, Spanish, French and JapaneseMarch, 2003TKDL team of Project Assistants (IT), Ayurveda, Patent Examiners and Scientists functioning since October 2001 at NISCAIR (erstwhile National Institute of Science Communication, NISCOM).

12-Mar-1622RSBK - SDMCA Hassan10Release of demo CD containing a sample of 500 formulations.October, 2003Released by the then Honble Union Minister of Human Resource Development, Science & Technology, and Ocean Development and presided by the then Honble Union Minster of Health & Family Welfare and Parliamentary Affairs

12-Mar-1623RSBK - SDMCA Hassan Database with a tool to understand the codified knowledge existing for the Indian Systems of Medicine including Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani and Yoga as prior art.

It is not a diagnostic or usage database.

It is also not the prior art in itself; the Books on Indian Systems of Medicine are the prior art, which act as the source of information for TKDL.

It contains the scanned images of medicinal formulations from the original books.

It covers over two lakh formulations, which have been taken from Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Yoga texts. TKDL Database: Current Status

12-Mar-1624RSBK - SDMCA Hassan It is pertinent to note that TKDL does not contain the entire information existing in the Indian Systems of Medicine Rather than comprehensive, TKDL is a dynamic database, where formulations will be continuously added and continuously updated according to the inputs from the users of the database.

The full database has been made available to all the IPR offices worldwide to facilitate Prior Art search and prevent bio piracy.

A representative database containing 1200 formulations selected from various classical texts of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicine can be accessed from the official website of TKDL.

It includes 500 formulations from Ayurveda, 500 formulations from Unani and 200 Siddha formulations, which are readily available.

12-Mar-1625RSBK - SDMCA HassanDisciplineNo. of texts (including volumes) used for transcriptionTranscribedAyurveda75 books97,337Unani10 books1,75,150Siddha50 books23,016Yoga15 books1,680Total150 books2,92,662

12-Mar-1626RSBK - SDMCA HassanAYURVEDA BOOKS: Ayurveda Sara Sangraha Shri Baidyanath Ayurveda Bhavan Limited Calcutta, Edn.2003 Ayurveda Prakasha Translated by Gulraj sarma Misra, Chaukamba Bharati Academy, Varanasi, Edn.Reprint 1999 Ashtanga Hridaya Commentary by Arunadatta edited by Bhishagacharyan Harisastri paradakara Vaidya: Chaukamba Orientalia, Varanasi; edn.8th, 1998. [Time Of Origin 5th century] Ashtanga Sangraha Commentary by Indu Part-I : CCRAS; Newdelhi [Time Of Origin 5th-10th Cent.]

12-Mar-1627RSBK - SDMCA Hassan Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification (TKRC), an innovative structured classification system for the purpose of systematic arrangement, dissemination and retrieval has been evolved for about 25,000 subgroups against few subgroups that was available in earlier version of the International Patent Classification (IPC), related to medicinal plants, minerals, animal resources, effects and diseases, methods of preparations, mode of administration, etc.

Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification (TKRC)

12-Mar-1628RSBK - SDMCA HassanThe TKRC is mainly divided into the following sections:A AyurvedaB UnaniC SiddhaY YogaSection A i.e. Ayurveda is divided into the following classes:01 Pharmaceutical preparations (Kalpana)02 Personal Hygiene Preparations03 Dietary (Food / Food stuff /Beverages)04 Biocides, Fumigatives (Dhoopana, Krimighna)The Pharmaceutical preparations are divided into following sub-classes based on the material used.01A Based on Plants (Audbhida)01B Based on Animals (Jangama)01C Based on Minerals (Parthiva)01D Characterised by Diseases (Roga)01E Characterised by Actions (Karma)01F Mode of Administration01G Miscellaneous


TKDL in MEDIA

12-Mar-1630RSBK - SDMCA HassanTKDL, for its novel approach in preventing misappropriation of traditional knowledge at International Patent Offices, has been widely covered in television, newspapers, magazines and scientific journals, at both national and international levels. The story on TKDL was covered in Nature (London), Time, The Washington Times, The Wall Street Journal, MSN BC, ABC News, The News Tribune, Seattle Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington News, BBC News, London Telegraph, The Globe and Mail, Khaleej Times, Financial Express, St. Petersburg Times, The Mercury News, News Flash, etc.The TKDL effort has also been appreciated by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO). Due to the key role played by TKDL in the creation of standards for documentation of traditional knowledge, the then Director General, WIPO, in Aug 2003 mentioned that, "One recent tangible outcome of India's strong involvement was the adopting by IGC Technical standards concerning TK documentation".

TKDL has become a model for other countries on defensive protection of their traditional knowledge from misappropriation. Countries and organizations such as South Africa, African Regional Property Organization (ARIPO), Mongolia, Nigeria, Malaysia and Thailand have expressed their keen desire to replicate TKDL. The SAARC countries have also shown interest in the creation of TKDL after a two-day workshop on creation of TKDL for SAARC countries was held in New Delhi in December 2004.

12-Mar-1631RSBK - SDMCA HassanThe National Knowledge Commission, Government of India, in December 2007, recommended that the work on TKDL should be diversified and expanded. Further, the Commission suggested that steps should be taken for the use and incorporation of TKDL, with all pertinent sources of information, into the minimum search documentation lists of International Search Authorities and other offices while processing patent applications.Signing of Access Agreement with European Patent Office (EPO) in February, 2009 and United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in November, 2009 have also been widely covered by national and international newspapers. The setting aside and withdrawal/rejection of patent applications at EPO based on TKDL database have also found wide media coverage in 2010.


12-Mar-1633RSBK - SDMCA Hassan OBJECTIVESThe present study was carried out to study an unique digital initiative taken by India to protect the traditional knowledge i.e. creation of Traditional Knowledge Digital Library. The study was carried out with following objectives To take a brief review of existing documentation on traditional knowledge To study the bio piracy instances and protection measures of TK in India. To study the role of TKDL in protecting traditional knowledge To study Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification (TKRC) system To analyze the contents of Representative database of TKDLSCOPE AND LIMITATIONSThe present study will be restricted to analysis of representative database of TKDL which is readily accessible from the official website of TKDL. The scope includes 1200 formulations selected from various classical texts of Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha systems of medicine viz 500 formulations from Ayurveda, 500 formulations from Unani and 200 Siddha formulations.

1. Protecting Traditional Knowledge Digitally: A Case Study of TKDL - Dr. Mangala Anil Hirwade Sr. Lecturer - Deptt. of Library & Information Science RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur

12-Mar-1634RSBK - SDMCA Hassan METHODOLOGYThe study focuses on current status of TKDL. The paper is largely based on review of the literature. An analytical study has been carried out in which the contents of the representative database of TKDL was studied in detail. CONCLUSIONOnce the traditional knowledge is recorded in TKDL, legally, it becomes public domain knowledge. Under the patent law, this means that it is considered to be prior art and hence is not patentable. Such a written record, in a form easily accessible to patent offices around the world, would provide all such offices with a record of Indias prior art. Patent examiners could easily check this database and reject any patent application that might be a mere copy of traditional knowledge. Thus it helps in preventing cases of bio piracy.TKDL has a rich database of information and proved to be extremely useful to research and industry, both in India and abroad, providing an impetus to invention, and the development of products such as medicines, which would be of immense value to all of mankind.TKDL serves the purpose of integrating the various documents related to traditional knowledge in a common language and in an easy retrieval form. It is of enormous benefit in developing the traditional knowledge further.

12-Mar-1635RSBK - SDMCA Hassan2. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOPIRACY AND PROTECTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGER. D. Singh*, S.K. Mody, H. B. Patel, Sarita Devi, C.M. Modi and D.R. KamaniDepartment of Pharmacology & ToxicologyBio piracy is immerging scientific nuisance in pharmaceutical business. It can commercialize locally as well as globally well known facts, inherited knowledge, traditional knowledge, community wisdom, etc., in order to explore new opportunity and cost saving in pharmaceuticals research and development. CBD and NAGOYA protocol have tried to optimize the conflict between bio-pirates and original resources bearers by proposing regulatory understanding which still needs to be revised and redefined. In India, NBDA and TKDL are two start-up initiatives to counter act the bio piracy.

12-Mar-1636RSBK - SDMCA HassanDocumentation of TK is essential for preservation, protection & wealth creation of TK. Requirement of documentation are different for disclosed and undisclosed TK. Before initiating documentation of TK it is necessary to evolve appropriate classification scheme for structuring TK. Traditional Knowledge Resource Classification created by India has got wider international acceptance and has become a basis for enhancing international patent classification for medicinal plants.DISCUSSION &

12-Mar-1637RSBK - SDMCA Hassan TKDL has been a successful model resulting in creation of several new technologiesAccess to database such as TKDL need be regulated as per national requirements and policies. Access conditions need be different for collaborative research and prior art search. TK databases are vital resource for creating new IPR and new drug development. For protection of TK (positive and defensive) internationally accepted legally binding framework is essential.


TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE DIGITAL LIBRARY - V.K. GUPTA, National Institute of Science Communication And Information Resources (NISCAIR) Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR),

2.Traditional Knowledge Digital Library (TKDL) An Effective and Novel Tool for Protection of Indias Traditional Knowledge Against Bio-Piracy (Press Information Bureau Government of India Special Service and Features 12-August-2011) - Samir K. Brahmachari - Director General, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and Secretary, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research.

Traditional Knowledge receives a boost from the government, India Together, - Ramesh Menon

4. National Knowledge Commission, 2005. Traditional Knowledge

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