3d printing seminar report

5/28/2018 3d Printing Seminar Report

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Introduction to 3D Printing

3D printing is a form of additive manufacturing technology where a three dimensional object created by laying down successive layers of material. It is also known as rapid prototyping, ismechanized method whereby 3D objects are quickly made on a reasonably sized machine

connected to a computer containing blueprints for the object. he 3D printing concept ofcustom manufacturing is e!citing to nearly everyone. his revolutionary method for creating3D models with the use of inkjet technology saves time and cost by eliminating the need todesign" print and glue together separate model parts. #ow, you can create a complete model insingle process using 3D printing. he basic principles include materials cartridges, fle!ibility output, and translation of code into a visible pattern.

Typical 3D Printer

3D $rinters are machines that produce physical 3D models from digital data by printing layerby layer. It can make physical models of objects either designed with a %&D program orscanned with a 3D 'canner. It is used in a variety of industries including jewelry, footwear,industrial design, architecture, engineering and construction, automotive, aerospace, dental anmedical industries, education and consumer products.

he technology for printing physical 3D objects from digital data was first developed by%harles (ull in )*+. (e named the technique as 'tereo lithography and obtained a patent forthe technique in )*+-.

hile 'tereo lithography systems had become popular by the end of )*+/s, other similartechnologies such as 0used Deposition 1odeling 20D1 and 'elective4aser 'intering 2'4' were introduced.In )**3, 1assachusetts Institute of echnology 21I patented another technology, named 53Dimensional $rinting techniques5, which is similar to the inkjet technology used in 6D $rinteIn )**-, three major products, 57enisys5 from 'tratasys, 5&ctua 6)//5 from 3D'ystems and 58/65 from 8 %orporation were introduced. In 6//9, 8 %orp. launched a

breakthrough product, named 'pectrum 89)/, which was the first high definition color 3D$rinter in the market.&nother breakthrough in 3D $rinting occurred in 6//- with the initiation of an open source

project, named :eprap, which was aimed at developing a self;replicating 3D printer.

Current 3D Printing Technologies

Stereo lithography; 'tereo lithographic 3D printers 2known as '4&s or stereo lithographyapparatus position a perforated platform just below the surface of a vat of liquid photo curab

polymer. &


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very slightly and another slice is traced out and hardened by the laser. &nother slice is thencreated, and then another, until a complete object has been printed and can be removed from tvat of photopolymer, drained of e!cess liquid, and cured.0used deposition modeling ; (ere a hot thermoplastic is e!truded from a temperature;controll

print head to produce fairly robust objects to a high degree of accuracy.Selective laser sintering (SLS); his builds objects by using a laser to selectively fuse

together successive layers of a cocktail of powdered wa!, ceramic, metal, nylon or one of a

range of other materials.

Multi-jet odeling (M!M) ; his again builds up objects from successive layers of powderwith an inkjet;like print head used to spray on a binder solution that glues only the requiredgranules together. he =;0lash printer, manufactured by %anon, is low;cost 3D printer. It>sknown to build layers with a light;curable film.


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applies resin in the shape of the model, binding it to the first layer. his sequence occurs onelayer at a time until the model is complete.

'L+,*IT/M

he algorithm used in the Inkjet 3;D $rinting is depicted in the figure mentioned below.

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.,* "L,.

he workflow can be easily understood with the help of the flowchart given below.& 3;D prototype of a desired object is created in three basic steps and these steps are?

$re;$rocess 3;D $rinting

$ost;$rocess


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"I+* 412

P*,CSS

512 C'D Preparation (Pre-Process)6

Coputer-aided design2C'D, also known as coputer-aided design and dra7ting2C'DD, is used to prepare a 3;D or 6;D model of the desired object. 1odern %&D

packages can also frequently allow rotations in three dimensions, allowing viewing of a

designed object from any desired angle.

1ost 3D printers require a special file 2typically .stl format to print. &dditionally, we

need to modify the design to make up for limitations of the printer and build material.


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"I+* 51212

3D Printing6

he 3D printer runs automatically, depositing materials at layers @.//3A thick. his is

roughly the thickness of a human hair or sheet of paper. he time it takes to print a give

object depends primarily on the height of the design, but most designs take a minimum

several hours. he average cost for printing a full color prototype is somewhere betwee

9/ ; )// B.


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"I+* 51812

Cleaning 3D Printouts (Post-Process)6

Cvery 3D printer uses some sort of material to support parts of the design that have an

overhang. 'ome printers use a loose powder which can be blown off and reused in futu

models.


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"I+* 51312

/ere you have the 9/an Solo in Car#onite: stage;

Po


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his is the sculpture with most of the support dust removed and it is then dipped in

special glue that makes them stronger and more colorful.

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/eating

he models are heated to set the glue. It is funny to see the oven in this picture is a

standard consumer grade.

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"inishing Touches

he output of all e!isting 3D printers is rough. he te!tures vary from pronounced wood

grainE to merely sandyE, ith a little elbow grease you can get stunning results.

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http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2008/12/a-major-advance-in-3d-printing/http://replicatorinc.com/blog/2008/12/a-major-advance-in-3d-printing/


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=ene7its o7 3D Printing

he most successful companies have adopted 3D printing as a critical part of the iterati

design process to?

Increase Innovation

$rint prototypes in hours, obtain feedback, refine designs and repeat the cycle un

designs are perfect.

Improve %ommunication

(old a full color, realistic 3D model in your hands to impart infinitely more informati

than a computer image.

%reate physical 3D models quickly, easily and affordably for a wide variety

applications.

'peed ime to 1arket

%ompress design cycles by 3D printing multiple prototypes on demand, right in yo

office.


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:educe Development %osts

%ut traditional prototyping and tooling costs.

Identify design errors earlier.

:educe travel to production facilities.

in Fusiness

Fring realistic 3D models to prospective accounts, sponsors and focus groups

'pplications

Design Prototypes:

3;Dimensional $rinting concept model, functional prototypes and presentation models

evaluating and refining design, including 0inite Clement &nalysis 20C& results andpackaging.

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o


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2)98.3 Healthcare:

:apidly produce 3D models toreduce operating time, enhance

patient and physiciancommunications, and improve

patient outcomes.

' 3-D Prototype o7 the

hori?ontal crossection o7 a

huan s&ull has #een prepared to allo< its #etter study6

'ize? *.+ ! G.* ! 3.* inches "I+* >1312 269 ! 6/ ! )/ cm

$rinting ime? 9.9 hours

2)-

3D $rinting 'uccess 'tory


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%amera mounts for the 1) tank and Fradley fighting vehicle were built and tested

directly from digital files using the Dimension 3D $rinter.

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2)G

& 3D printer proved to be a valuable assetand played a key role in developingconcepts for the &1$ :esearch &lloy0uel Door for 7eneral 1otorsH (ummer(6 sport utility vehicle.


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Conclusion

#othing communicates ideas faster than a three;dimensional part or model. ith a printer you can bring %&D files and design ideas to life right from your desktop. form, fit and function and as many design variations as you like with functional parIn an age in which the news, books, music, video and even our communities are all tsubjects of digital dematerialization, the development and application of 3D printireminds us that human beings have both a physical and a psychological need to keepleast one foot in the real world. 3D printing has a bright future, not least in rap

prototyping 2where its impact is already highly significant, but also in medicine the ar

and outer space. Desktop 3D printers for the home are already a reality if you aprepared to pay for one andJor build one yourself. 3D printers capable of outputtingcolor and multiple materials also e!ist and will continue to improve to a point whefunctional products will be able to be output. &s devices that will provide a solid brid

between cyberspace and the physical world, and as an important manifestation the 'econd Digital :evolution, 3D printing is therefore likely to play some part in allour futures.
http://www.explainingthefuture.com/sdr.htmlhttp://www.explainingthefuture.com/sdr.html

3d printing seminar report

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