38th meeting of the PAC for Nuclear Physics

Results of three years of work accomplished at FLNR under the Seven-Year Plan for the

Development of JINR 2010-2016 (Status of the DRIBs-III project)

S. Dmitriev

FLNR’s BASIC DIRECTIONS of RESEARCHFLNR’s BASIC DIRECTIONS of RESEARCHaccording to the Seven-Year Plan 2010 - 2016according to the Seven-Year Plan 2010 - 2016

1. Heavy and superheavy nuclei:

synthesis and study of properties of superheavy elements;chemistry of new elements;fusion-fission and multi-nucleon transfer reactions;nuclear- , mass-, & laser-spectrometry of SH nuclei.

3. Radiation effects and physical groundwork of nanotechnology.

2. Light exotic nuclei:properties and structure of light exotic nuclei;reactions with exotic nuclei.

Project DRIBs-III (2010 – 2016)(as it seemed in 2009)

The purpose of the project is expansion of a set of accelerated ions, both of stable, and radioactive isotopes, essential increase of intensity and quality of beams.

Realization of project DRIBs-III provides:completion of modernization of cyclotrons U400 and U400М, creation of a new experimental hall (2600 m2),creation of new generation experimental set-ups,creation of the high-intensity universal accelerator of heavy ions ((A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I ≤ 10 pµA)A≤ 100, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I ≤ 10 pµA).

Required funds: 60,000,000 $.

According to recommendations of Nuclear Physics PACs, and decisions of the Scientific Council and CPP

(2010 – 2012)

The DRIBs-III project should be realized at simultaneous implementation of SHE research program.

The main achievements of the firs 3 years are:

Discovery of the Discovery of the 117117thth!!

The Festive Naming Ceremony of the new chemical elements 114 - Flerovium and 116 - Livermorium took place on 24 October 2012 in Moscow

6

William Goldstein (Livermore),Yuri Oganessian (JINR) and James Roberto (Oak Ridge)

IUPAC President Prof. Kazuyuki Tatsumi

D.I. Mendeleev’s Periodic Table of the Elements (2012)

Observation of the 2n-evaporation channel opens up perspectives of chemical investigation of the element 113

9

GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH ELEMENTELEMENT 113113

Whether the element 113 is a volatile metal?Experiment is running. Preliminary results – it is volatile.

Target (243Am; 1.0 mg/cm2)

SiO2- 800°C

He/Ar (70/30)

Au - 113Au - 113

PIPS detectors 32 pairs2.5m

2 L/min

118

116

115

114

113

112

111

110

109

108

107

106

105

104

117

2013

6 new heaviest elements

48 new isotopes

11

What is beyond 118 element?

Heavier projectiles (50Ti, 54Cr, 58Fe, 64Ni) Heavier targets (251Cf, 254Es -???); Symmetric reactions: 136Xe+136Xe,

136Xe+150Nd, 150Nd+150Nd; Nucleon transfer reactions (136Xe+208Pb,

238U+248Cm).

Sufficient increasing of overall experiment efficiency is needed!

Heaviest target: 249Cf → Zmax= 118

↓

0

2

4

6

n p n p n p n p

shell population scheme

1

2+

1s-0d

0p1/2

0p3/2

0p

1

1

1

2+

2+

2+

1

Exc

itatio

n en

ergy

E *

(M

eV)

18Ne 16O 14C 12Be 10He

2+

N = 8 isotone

0+ ground state

0sn p

Breakdown of the N=8 shellBreakdown of the N=8 shell in in 1010He.He.S.I. Sidorchuk. A.A. Bezbakh, V. Chudoba et al., PRL 108 (2012)S.I. Sidorchuk. A.A. Bezbakh, V. Chudoba et al., PRL 108 (2012)

Studies of Exotic Nuclei in JINRStudies of Exotic Nuclei in JINR

8H e te le sco p eT t2 a rg e t

1 0 cmP ro to n d e tec to r

8H ep

n

n

Z

10He was produced in the 2n-transfer reaction with the use of the secondary 8He beam andcryogenic tritium target: 3H(8He,p)10He.

Owing to specific angular and energy correlations of 10He decay products for the first time the spin-parity assignment was made for the low-lying states of 10He.The experimental data were interpreted as a

superposition of 0+, 1- and 2+ states.The established level sequence shows that 10He is one more drip-line nucleus demonstrating the shell structure breakdown.

Isovector Soft Dipole Mode in Isovector Soft Dipole Mode in 66Be.Be.A.S. Fomichev. V. Chudoba, I.A. Egorova et al., PLB 708 (2012)A.S. Fomichev. V. Chudoba, I.A. Egorova et al., PLB 708 (2012)

Studies of Exotic Nuclei in JINRStudies of Exotic Nuclei in JINR

Spectrum of the unbound 6Be was produced in the charge-exchange reaction using the cryogenic hydrogen target: 1H(6Li, 6Be)n.

The data obtained provide detailed correlation

information about the well-known 0+ ground state

and the 2+ state. A broad structure extending from 4 to 16 MeV was observed. It contains negative parity states populated by the L=1 angular momentum transfer. This continuum structure can be interpreted as a novel phenomenon: the isovector soft dipole mode associated with the 6Li ground state.

Mass production of track membranes with the thickness of 30 um

Ions of Ar, Kr and Xe

Ion energy of 2.5 MeV/u

Beam intensity of 1 pA (6x1012 s-1)

Two channels with irradiation chambers

Working hours 7000 h/year

The cyclotron should be simple and reliable, for routine use

The DC-110 cyclotron:Special economical zone, Dubna, Russia

The new accelerator has been launched in December 2012

Project DRIBs-III according to recommendations of NPPACs, SCs and CPP (2010 – 2012)

completion of modernization of cyclotrons U400 and U400Мsharing of physical tasks between acceleratorsCreation of SHE factory based on the high-intensity universal DC280 cyclotron ((A≤ 238, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I ≤ 20 pµA) in a new A≤ 238, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I ≤ 20 pµA) in a new separate experimental buildingseparate experimental buildingcreation of new generation experimental set-upsTotal reconstruction of the U400 experimental hall, including 6 radiation safe experimental cavesConstruction of a special building for physical groundwork of nanotechnology (1500 m2), based on IC100 and U400M.

Basic facilities and SHE-factory

U400R CYCLOTRONU400R CYCLOTRONstand-alone & post-acceleratorstand-alone & post-accelerator

U400R (expected)

Ion Ion energy[MeV/A]

Output intensity

6He 2.8 14 108

8He 1.6 8 105

7Li 2-17 1×1014

16O 6,4 -27 1×1014

40Ar 1-5,1 6×1013

48Ca 1,6-11 1.5×1013

50Ti 4,1-21 6×1012

58Fe 1,2-7,5 6×1012

84Kr 0,8-3,5 2×1012

132Xe 0,8-3,5 3×1012

238U 1,5- 8 5×1011

Fusion-fission; Quasi-fission; Nuclear spectroscopy; New heavy isotopes; Multi nucleon transfer reactions; Sub-barrier fusion; Reactions with exotic nuclei Structure of light exotic nuclei;

U400M CYCLOTRONstand-alone & driving accelerator

Properties and structure of light exotic nuclei;

Astrophysics;Reactions with exotic nuclei;Light neutron-rich nuclei;Deep inelastic scattering;Producing of RIBs.

U400ME=30 ÷ 50 MeV/AE=4.5 ÷ 9 MeV/A

Ion Ion energy[MeV/A]

Output intensity

7Li 35 6×1013

18O 33 1×1013

40Ar 40 1×1012

48Ca 5 6×1012

54Cr 5 3×1012

58Fe 5 3×1012

124Sn 5 2×1011

136Xe 5 4×1011

238U 7 2×1010

DC280 CYCLOTRONstand-alone SHE-factory

Synthesis and study of properties of Synthesis and study of properties of superheavy elements;superheavy elements;

Search for new reactions for SHE-Search for new reactions for SHE-synthesissynthesis

Chemistry of new elements;Chemistry of new elements;

DC280 (expected)E=4÷8 MeV/A

Ion Ion energy[MeV/A]

Output intensity

7Li 4 1×1014

18O 8 1×1014

40Ar 5 6×1013

48Ca 5 0,6-1,2×1014

54Cr 5 2×1013

58Fe 5 1×1013

124Sn 5 2×1012

136Xe 5 1×1014

238U 7 5×1010

Manufacturing of the magnet has been started.

Instrumentation

“physical” “chemical”

Reaction Transmission

244Pu(48Ca,3n)289114 60 %

244Pu(58Fe,4n)298120 75 %

New FLNR gas-filled separatorNew FLNR gas-filled separator PAC for NP 3232ndnd Meeting, 17 Meeting, 17-18 June 2010-18 June 2010

High transmission for asymmetric combinations (beams of 12C, 14N,16O, 22Ne)Availability for symmetric combinations (136Xe + 136Xe → 272Hs*)

Velocity filter for asymmetric combinationsVelocity filter for asymmetric combinationsVASSILISSA-GABRIELLAVASSILISSA-GABRIELLA

PAC for NP 3131stst Meeting, 25 Meeting, 25-26 January 2010-26 January 2010

Mass-spectrometer MASHAMass-spectrometer MASHA PAC for NP 3131stst Meeting, 25 Meeting, 25-26 January 2010-26 January 2010

Fragment-separator ACCULINNA-2Fragment-separator ACCULINNA-2 PAC for NP 3232ndnd Meeting, 17 Meeting, 17-18 June 2010-18 June 2010

Manufacturing has been started

GALS: Setup for resonance laser ionizationGALS: Setup for resonance laser ionizationof nuclear reaction products stopped in gasof nuclear reaction products stopped in gas

PAC for NP 3535thth Meeting, 26 Meeting, 26-27 January 2012-27 January 2012

High resolution magnetic double armspectrometer “MAVR”

Reaction study with primary and secondary beams

Workshop on Studies of Super-Heavy Nuclei at the SHE FactoryTexas A&M University, College Station, Texas

March 12-13, 2013Summary results

1. The Super-Heavy Element Factory will increase the overall production of super-heavy nuclei by two orders of magnitude with respect to presently achieved rates. This will enable the studies of nuclear /atomic structure of heaviest atoms and open the door to the discoveries of new elements above Z=118 and of isotopes closer to the predicted shell closure at N=184.

2. Enriched Isotopes from ORNL's HFIR/REDC are essential for research on super-heavy nuclei enabled by the SHE Factory.

3. The joint research between the collaborating laboratories within the SHE Factory project will result in advanced experimental capabilities. New developments include superconducting gas filled separator with gas catcher and mass analyzer system (ANL-TAMU) as well as new detector arrays and modern readout systems including digital signal processing (ORNL- UTK).

4. The roadmap for joint research at JINR Dubna in the pre-SHE factory time frame includes experiments aiming in the discovery of the heaviest isotopes of element 118 in the reaction between 48Ca and mixed-Cf targets produced at ORNL.

5. The extension of the current US-Russia collaboration (JINR, ORNL, LLNL, UTK, ANL, TAMU, RIAR, Vanderbilt) to other laboratories was welcomed. These new collaborating institutions include LBNL Berkeley and GSI Darmstadt (Germany).

Schedule of the SHE factory creation

Innovation projects in the Nanotechnology Centre

•A new roll-to roll etching facility for the development of new track-etch membranes

•Facilities for surface modification of nano-structured composite filmy materials

•A diversified electron microscopy laboratory for performing the studies of micro- and nano-structured materials produced using ion beam modification methods

•A diversified laboratory for the studies of ion-induced radiation effects in matter, including AFM, optical spectroscopy, IR Raman spectroscopy, luminescence, and others

19.06.2013

Nano-laboratory building

Summary

Proposals on Development, Resources, and Schedule Updates

for the DRIBs–III Project According to the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of JINR 2010-2016 approved by the Committee of Plenipotentiaries of the Governments of the JINR Member States (CPP) in November of 2009, the DRIBs-III Project included the following:

1. Modernization of the currently operating U400 and U400M accelerators

2. Development of new physical experimental setups (separators, etc.)

3. Construction of a new Experimental Hall with a total area of 2,500 m2 to carry out experiments with beams of stable and exotic radioactive nuclei.

4. Development of a new high-current heavy-ion DC-200 accelerator with the intensity of the average-mass ions (48Cа) no lower than 5∙1013, i.e., around 10µA.

The Project Financing and Implementation Schedule approved in 2009 is presented in Table 1.

Tasks performed 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Modernization of the existing heavy-ion accelerators:

complete equipment with components and manufacture the U400R systems

2,000

installation, adjustment of systems, lauch of the U400R accelerator

1,000

Financial support for running experiments (7 M USD)

1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000

Construction of a new FLNR Experimental Hall: (13MUSD)

technical requirements, project 1,000

civil construction 5,000 5,000

gallery, beam lines 2,000

Development of experimental continuous-action devices and facilities: (15MUSD)

physical and chemical separators, systems of collection and transportation of nuclear reaction products, radiochemical laboratory of II class, etc.

1,000 3,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 2,000 2,000

Development of a high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator(А 100, Е 8 MeVА, I 10 pμА): (22 MUSD)

technical requirements, project 1,000

manufacture 3,000 6,000 10,000

installation, beam lines, launch 2,000

Total 5,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 16,000 3,000 3,000

The total funding: USD 60 million, including USD 7 million to cover the expenses of ongoing experiments (USD 1 million per year).

Tab1e 1. The DRIBs-III Financing and Implementation Schedule approved by the CPP in November of 2009 (USD, in thousands).

Recently obtained results at the FLNR JINR on synthesis of new superheavy elements (SHE) are highly appreciated, and the FLNR JINR joint research in the specified areas between the FLNR JINR physicists and their longtime collaborators from the US, Germany, France, and Japan is acknowledged. In the course of the project's implementation, the CPP, taking into account the recommendations of PAC and the JINR Scientific Council, proposed:

1. to achieve the main project objectives while at the same time implement the scientific program on synthesis and investigation of the properties of SHE (earlier, the U400 cyclotron was planned to be shut down for 2-year-long upgrade in August 2010);

2. to construct the world's first Superheavy Element Factory (SHE Factory) at JINR, including:

• a new high-current heavy-ion DC-280 accelerator with the beam intensity up to 20 рµА, А≤ 238 (earlier, a DC-200 accelerator with the beam intensity of 10 рµА, А≤ 100, was planned to be constructed);

• a new Experimental Hall with a total area of 5,500 m2 for carrying out experiments with highly radioactive actinide targets in radiochemical laboratories laboratories of second class by the Radiation Safety Standards. Earlier, an Experimental Hall of third class with an area of 2,500 m2 was planned;

3. to upgrade the existing U400 and U400M accelerators to pursue world-class research and development programs in the three key areas of the heavy-ion physics at low and intermediate energies, in particular: synthesis of new SHE and the investigation of the properties of the already discovered SHE (SHE Factory) that will be carried out at the DC-280 cyclotron; nuclear physics experiments (spectroscopy, fusion-fission of heavy and superheavy nuclei, etc.) performed at the U400 accelerator; experiments with exotic radioactive nuclei (6,8Не, 11Li, etc.) carried out at the U400M accelerator;

4. to reconstruct the U400 Experimental Hall housing 6 radiation-shielded caves with a total area of 1,500 m2;

and

3. to construct a new FLNR JINR Experimental Hall (total of 1,500 m2) to conduct scientific research on the application of heavy-ion beams in nanotechnology.

However, the above-mentioned changes do not seem possible under the Seven-Year Plan for the Development of JINR (2010-2016) without USD 30.1 million in additional DRIBs–III Project funding. Proposals on the adjustments to the DRIBs–III Project Financing and Implementation Schedule are summarized in Table 2.

Tasks performed 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

  USD, in thousands

Upgrade of the currently operating heavy-ion accelerators:

complete equipment with components and manufacture U400R systems

2,000 1,500 500 1,500

installation, adjustment of systems, startup of the U400R accelerator, and the U-400M accelerator upgrade (superconducting ECR ion source and cryogenic vacuum system)

1,000 500

 

Financial support for running experiments (9,5 M USD)

1,000 1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 2,000

 

Construction of a new FLNR Experimental Hall (SHE Factory) 13,8 MUSD

design works, construction 200 2,500 1,100 4,500 5,500

Renovation of the U400 Experimental Hall

design works, construction 500 800 500 6,000 6,000

Development of experimental continuous-action devices and facilities:

physical and chemical separators, systems of collection and transportation of nuclear reaction products, radiochemical laboratory of II class, etc.

500 3,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 3,500 5,000

 

Development of high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator (А 100, Е 8.5 MeVА, I 10 µAh):

technical requirements, project 750 750 750

manufacture 250 3,000 8,000 9,500 2,000

installation, beam lines, launch 2,000

Total 3,700 7,500 8,350 17,550 21,500 16,500 15,000Total for the 2010–2016 period: USD 90.1 million

Table 2.DRIBs–III Project Financing and Implementation Schedule updates for the years 2010–2016.

According to the Project Financing and Implementation Schedule presented in Table 2, the above-mentioned project updates shall be implemented in full (the ultimate goal) over the period from 2013 through 2016.

Should difficulties arise in finding additional funds (USD 30.1 million), some of the work will have to be postponed until 2017–2019. The high-priority tasks (the "minimum program"), which shall be fully implemented under the JINR Seven-Year Plan (2010–2016), shall thus include the following:

• Development of the world's first SHE Factory, launch of a new DC-280 accelerator, construction of a new Experimental Hall and experimental setups for synthesis and investigation of the properties of SHE

• Implementation of the scientific program on the SHE synthesis (U400 accelerator)

• Completion of works on the U-400M modernization, and the development of a new ACCULINNA-2 separator for carrying out research on exotic radioactive nuclei

• Completion of preparatory and design works for the renovation of the U400 Experimental Hall and the modernization of the U400 accelerator to ensure the implementation of the above-listed tasks in 2017

The proposed DRIBs–III Implementation Schedule of the “minimum program” is presented in Table 3.

Table 3. The amended DRIBs-IIIa Project Financing and Implementation Schedule (USD, in thousands for the period 2010-2016 (the “minimum program).

Tasks performed 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Modernization of the existing heavy-ion accelerators:

2,000 1,000 1,000

U400M (superconducting ECR ion source, the cryogenic vacuum system)

500 500

Financial support for running experiments (9,0/ 7,0 MUSD)

1,000 1,000 1,000 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500

Development of a new Experimental Hall (radiochemical laboratory of second class, SHE Factory):

Design, construction works (13,8 /13,0 MUSD)

200 2,500 1,100 4,500 5,500

Renovation of the U400R Experimental Hall

Project (2,25 MUSD) 500 700 500 250 500

Development of experimental continuous-action devices and facilities:

physical and chemical separators, systems of collection and transportation of nuclear reaction products, radiochemical laboratory of II class, etc. (17,5 / 15,0 MUSD)

500 3,000 2,000 2,000 3,000 3,500 3,500

Development of a high-intensity heavy-ion accelerator(А 238, Е 8.5 MeVА, I 10 pμА): (26,0/ 22,0 MUSD)

technical requirements, project 750 750 750

manufacture 250 3,000 8,000 8,000 2,500

installation, beam lines, startup 2,000

Total 3,700 7,500 8,350 17,450 18,500 11,250 7,000

Project Total: USD 73.75 million for the 2010–2016 period. Funding increase amounts to USD 13.75 million.

U400M

DRIBs

MT25

U200

IC100

FLNR (JINR) FLNR (JINR) – 201– 20166

Nuclear physics with stable & RI-beams

U400M &SC ECR

Nano/Lab1500m2

1500m21000m2

DC-280 new

SHE FactorySHE Factory

Production & studies of the exotic nuclei

Appliedresearch

U400Rupgraded

U400R - U400M Accelerator Complex

Thank you!

U400R. Median plane level. Second floor.

U400 U400R Schedule

Hall design Building

U400 U400Rassembling

U400 beam on

U400R beam on