36 supreme court-cases
TRANSCRIPT
Miranda v. Arizona
Issue: Rights of Suspected Criminals
Court Ruling: SUSPECTS MUST BE READ THEIR RIGHTS UPON ARREST
•5th Amendment
•“Miranda Rights”
Miranda v ArizonaWhat was the Miranda accused of?
Evidence?
Why was the self incrimination in the Bill of
Rights?
What is the burden of proof? How does it
work?
Did the local police follow the Bill of
Rights? How did they abuse peoples
rights?
What was the verdict in the Miranda case?
What did the supreme court decide in
DiscussionWhy be concerned if a confession is given
voluntarily or not? Isn’t the goal to get the truth?
When it comes to catching a criminal, does the
end justify the means?
Are there any situations that should give more
power back to the government in the
interrogation room? Explain.
In re Gault
Issue: Rights of Juveniles
Court Ruling: JUVENILES HAVE THE SAME FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AS ADULTS
•Must notify parents and keep names/details private
Tinker v. Des Moines Schools
Issue: Students and Free Speech
Court Ruling: STUDENTS DO HAVE LIMITED FREE SPEECH AT SCHOOL
•1st Amendment, Freedom of Expression
Roe v. Wade
Issue: Right to have an abortion
Court Ruling: RIGHT TO A LIMITED ABORTION PERIOD
•Legalized abortion within the first trimester
•9th Amendment, right to privacy
Furman v. Georgia
Issue: Legality of the Death Penalty
Court Ruling: DEATH PENALTY DECLARED UNCONSTITUTIONALBASED UPON DISCRIMINATORY APPLICATION
•8th Amendment
New Jersey v. TLO
Issue: Students and Searches
Court Ruling: RIGHT OF SCHOOLS TO SEARCH STUDENTS WITHOUT WARRANTS
•4th Amendment limited
". . . The warrant requirement, in particular,
is unsuited to the school environment . . .
[T]he legality of a search of a student
should depend simply on the
reasonableness, under all the
circumstances, of the search . . . and not
excessively intrusive in light of the age and
sex of the student and the nature of the
infraction. "—Justice Byron White, speaking
for the majority
A New Jersey high school student was
accused of violating school rules by
smoking in the bathroom, leading an
assistant principal to search her purse for
cigarettes. The vice principal discovered
marijuana and other items that implicated
the student in dealing marijuana. The
student tried to have the evidence from her
purse suppressed, contending that mere
possession of cigarettes was not a violation
of school rules; therefore, a desire for
evidence of smoking in the restroom did not
justify the search. The Supreme Court
decided that the search did not violate the
Constitution
Texas v. Johnson
Issue: Free Speech and Flag Burning
Court Ruling: FLAG BURNING HELD AS A FORM OF CONSTITUTIONAL FREE SPEECH
•1st Amendment
•Freedom of Expression
Engel v. Vitale
Issue: School Prayer: Establishment Clause
Court Ruling: Public schools cannot sponsor any religion
•1st Amendment
•Establishment of Religion
Engel v. Vitale,
New York state’s Board of Regents wrote
and authorized a voluntary
nondenominational prayer that could be
recited by students at the beginning of
each school day. In 1958–59 a group of
parents objected to the prayer, which
read, “Almighty God, we acknowledge
our dependence upon Thee, and we beg
Thy blessings upon us, our parents, our
teachers, and our country,” and sued the
school board president, William Vitale.
The prayer, which proponents argued
was constitutional because it was
voluntary and promoted the free exercise
of religion (also protected in the First
Amendment), was upheld by New York’s
courts, prompting the petitioners to file a
successful appeal to the U.S. Supreme
Court. The U.S. Supreme Court
overturned the state court and said it
violated the Establishment clause in the
1st Amendment.
Gregg v. Georgia
Issue: Death Penalty and Cruel and Unusual Punishment 8th
Court Ruling: States can Execute Prisoners if they follow two trial system one of guilt the other aggrivating circumstances: sentencing.
Amendment 8th
Gregg V. Georgia 1962
Gregg v. Georgia: Troy Leon Gregg. was
imprisoned within the state of Georgia after
he was found guilty of murdering two
people in 1973. Following his trial,
the jury found Troy Leon Gregg guilty and
originally sentenced him to death. Troy
Leon Gregg was the first person in the
history of the United States whose death
sentence was accepted by the United
States Supreme
During his prison sentence, Troy Leon
Gregg and other inmates who were on
death row claimed that a death sentence
was a direct violation of the 8th and
14th amendments.
Gregg v. Georgia: The Verdict
TheUnited StatesSupreme Court stated that
the execution of Troy Leon Gregg was
Constitutional due to the fact that Mr. Gregg
was tried, heard and sentenced through a
formal judicial system.
US v. Nixon
Issue: Powers of the President and Executive Privilege
Court Ruling: EVEN PRESIDENTS CANNOT WITHHOLD EVIDENCEOF A CRIME AS EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE
Wallace v. Jaffree
Issue: Religion in schools
Court Ruling: MANDATORY DAILY MOMENT OF SILENCE HELD AS UNCONSTITUTIONAL
•No forced religion in schools
•1st Amendment, Establishment Clause
California v. Bakke
Issue: Legality of Affirmative Action
Court Ruling: USE OF RACIAL QUOTAS IS HELD TO BE UNCONSTITUTIONAL
•Cannot set aside a number of spots for different races
Hazelwood Schools v. Kuhlmeier
Issue: Free Speech of Students
Court Ruling: RIGHT OF SCHOOLS TO LIMIT FREE SPEECH WITHIN A SCHOOL PAPER
•1st Amendment Freedom of the Press does not extend to schools