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3/27/12 Why?

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ONE-CHILD CHINA GROWS UP CHAPTER 4 HUMAN POPULATIONS A country faces the outcomes of radical population control

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The growth rate of a population is the percent increase of population size over time.

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The growth rate is affected by births, deaths, and the number of people moving into or out of a regional population.

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Global human population has had two growth spurts: Industrial Revolution, 1700s Agricultural revolution, 10,000 years ago

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Chinas standard of living improved greatly in the second half of the 20th Century. Life expectancy increased from 45 to 60 years old.

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Chinas crude death rate fell, but its crude birth rate held steady. By 1970, Chinas population had swelled to nearly 900 million.

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Other developed nations have gone through this demographic transition from high birth and death rates to low birth and death rates.

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China supports a quarter of the worlds population on just 7 percent of the planets arable land (fit for growing crops).

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In the 1950s, famine claimed 30 million lives in China. In the 1970s, shortages in consumer goods led to rationing. The government blamed overpopulation.

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In the 1970s, China feared more growth: Two-thirds of the population was under the age of 30 Those born in 1950s, 1960s were entering their reproductive years

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In 1979, China issued a decree: No family could have more than one child.

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Explain the differences between these age structure diagrams 3/27/12

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Chinas goal (shared by many countries): zero population growth.

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This occurs when the number of people born equals the number of people dying; in other words, replacement fertility rate is reached.

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Reaching zero population growth takes two steps: Identifying why birth rates are high Taking steps to reduce them

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Demographers use age structure diagrams to predict the future growth potential of a population.

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Age structure diagrams show: Sex ratio: number of males per 1,000 females. Age structure: percentage of population in various age groups

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Based on the age structure diagrams above, which country has the highest capacity for growth and will experience the highest growth rate? A. Country A B. Country B C. Country C D. Countries A & B Clicker Question

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Which country would you classify as mature and most likely to experience stable population growth? A. Country A B. Country B C. Country C D. Countries A & B Clicker Question

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Many industrialized nations have top-heavy age structure diagrams with many older people (the United States, for example)

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These countries struggle to care for rapidly aging populations: France raised retirement age from 60 to 62 U.S. baby boomers retirement fuels debates on Social Security

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Do Now With the world population now over 7 billion people, and scheduled to reach 8 billion in 2023, what can be done to stop or slow the growth rate? What is being done now if anything? 3/27/12

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Chinas age structure diagram has changed since the one-child policy: In 1982, 5% older than 65 By 2050, 15% projected to be older than 65

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Chinas sex ratio of males to females also changed: By 2020, it is estimated that there will be 30 million more men than women in China. In 1979, the ratio was 1.06 In 2011, the ratio was 1.17

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New problems for China: Fewer adult children to care for aging relatives Fewer young workers Fewer women for men to marry

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In 2011, China began considering allowing select couples to have a second child.

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Worldwide, population growth rates are declining, but the overall number is still positive, so world population is still growing.

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Every environment has a carrying capacity the maximum population size the area can support.

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There are roughly 7 billion people on the planet today. We may have already exceeded Earths carrying capacity.

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One problem we face is our dependence on nonrenewable energy sources: they will not last indefinitely.

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Whether we stabilize at 9 or 10 billion or more depends on how quickly we lower total fertility rates (TFR) worldwide.

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Many demographers believe addressing social justice issues of overpopulation will help countries with high TFRs confront what lies ahead.