3.2: Puritan New EnglandObjective:

Learn the motivations for Puritan migration.

Describe the Puritans interactions with the Native Americans.

Understand the long term influences of Puritan society on American culture today.

HW: 3.3

Puritans create New England

• Puritans want to purify Church of England of Catholicism

• Puritan Separatists exiled by King James I; they go to Holland

• 1620, Pilgrims (=Puritan Separatists) leave Holland & found Plymouth Bay Colony under charter from Virginia Company

http

://w

ww

.win

thro

psoc

iety

.org

/por

trai

ts.p

hp

Who was Squanto?

• How did his presence change the Pilgrim’s experience of the New World?

Puritans create New England• In northern colonies,

religion, not profit, drives colonization

• Mayflower Compact- early example moderate self government

• Myles Standish is their leader.

• Merged with Mass. Bay Colony in 1691

http

://w

ww

.win

thro

psoc

iety

.org

/por

trai

ts.p

hp

Why did Plymouth survive its “starving time” better than Jamestown had?

JAMESTOWN’s PROBLEMSPLYMOUTH’S

ADVANTAGES

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• Founded in1630, as a “city on a hill”

• Led by John Winthrop, Governor of colony

• Established an independent government for the colony

• A Very large and well-stocked expedition

• Was very successful & encouraged a

“Great Migration” of Puritans from England

• 20,000 migrated between 1630 and 1640

http

://w

ww

.win

thro

psoc

iety

.org

/por

trai

ts.p

hp

How are Puritans and Pilgrims different in their religious beliefs?

The New England Way

• Protestant work ethic = God rewards his elect for their had work and faith

• Taxes supported the church; Only Puritan men could vote

• Laws punished both criminal & undesirable acts

such as idleness and drunkenness

• Little concept of privacy – Church and State could punish parents for poor parenting, marital problems, etc.

• School was mandatory. Why?

Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• In 1639 Thomas Hooker established a new Puritan colony.

• The laws of the new colony were the “Fundamental Orders”

• They expanded democracy by– Giving non-church members voting rights– Limiting the power of the governor

Dissent in the Puritan CommunityRoger Williams

•Opposed mandatory religious attendance•Critical of Puritan treatment of Native Americans•Forced to flee Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1636. •Befriended by Native Am and settled in Narragansett Bay•Founded Rhode Island – community based on religious tolerance.

http

://w

ww

.gre

atw

omen

.org

/wom

en.p

hp?a

ctio

n=vi

ewon

e&id

=84

http

://w

ww

.rog

erw

illi

ams.

org/

biog

raph

y.ht

m

Dissent in the Puritan CommunityAnne Hutchinson

•Believed a person could worship directly through the Bible, no minister needed•Challenged religious authorities•exiled in 1638•In 1643 she and her family were killed in a war fought between the Dutch colonists and N. Americans•She is seen as the beginning of the

American tradition of Freedom of Conscience.

http

://w

ww

.gre

atw

omen

.org

/wom

en.p

hp?a

ctio

n=vi

ewon

e&id

=84

http

://w

ww

.rog

erw

illi

ams.

org/

biog

raph

y.ht

m

Quakers• Believed everyone shared equally in God’s

“inner light”Anyone could preach Treated women, men, Native Americans equally

Bible not necessary

Pacifists - Didn’t serve in the military

Did not obey Puritan authorities

• Puritan authorities punished them with whippings, prison and public hangings.

• Many left for the new colony of Rhode Island

Conflict with Native Americans:King Philip’s War

• Original co-existence with Native Americans declines

• Expansion of Puritan colony leads to conflict • Metacom, aka King Philip, resists expansion• King Philip’s War, 1675• Wampanoag tribe is destroyed, Metacom killed• This was the last Native American resistance in

Puritan colonies• Conflict is denounced by Roger Williams

http://go.hrw.com/hrw.nd/gohrw_rls1/pKeywordResults?ST9%20King%20Philip

Causes and Effects of King Philip’s War (use p. 96)

Salem Witch Trials

• Began in 1692 when young girls accuse people of “bewitching” them

• Why did people believe them?

• May have been result of tension with Native Americans, economic stress within the town, and declining church membership

• Seen by town authorities as a “trial” from God to purify the town and bring people back to church

• Over 100 arrested; 20 were put to death