3.1 measuring biodiversity · 3.1 measuring biodiversity p.89 biodiversity: number and variety of...
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3.1 MEASURING
BIODIVERSITY
Biodiversity in Canada p.87
3.1 Measuring Biodiversity p.89
3.1 Measuring Biodiversity p.89
Biodiversity: number and variety of
organisms found within a specific region.
identified ~ 2 million species of organisms
Estimate a total of 5 to100 million species
To maintain Earth’s biodiversity, species must
be protected.
endangered or threatened
legally guarded to ensure their survival.
How Do Scientists Measure
Biodiversity? P.90
How Do Scientists Measure
Biodiversity? P.90
How Do Scientists Measure
Biodiversity? P.90
Canopy fogging
For insects
use low dose of insecticide
collect with a large funnel-shaped screen
Quadrat sampling
A square area (1-20 m2)
Count species and their numbers
repeat in different places
How Do Scientists Measure
Biodiversity? P.90
Transect sampling
Transect line (rope or measuring tape)
count species and numbers at set interval
Netting
For birds/bats/fish/marine animals
captured organisms analyzed and released
Documenting Biodiversity and Its
Distribution p.91
Documenting Biodiversity and Its
Distribution p.91
helpful for land-use planners
Biological collections housed in museums
Computer databases
Canada’s biodiversity p.91
Canada’s biodiversity p.91
Canada
a large country
many aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems
home to thousands of species
Plants, insects, fungi, and small invertebrates are far
more diverse than larger animals.
Canadians have a special responsibility to protect
organisms found only in Canadian ecosystems (eg.
Peary caribou)
Hotspots of Biodiversity p.92
Hotspots of Biodiversity p.92
biodiversity hotspot:
a relatively small area with an exceptionally large
number of species
In Canada:
1. Carolinian Canada
2. The Georgian Bay Biosphere Reserve
1% of Canada’s landmass
highest number of species of any Canadian
ecosystems.
Biodiversity in the Tropics p.93
Biodiversity in the Tropics p.93
Most of the biodiversity hotspots are in the
tropics
near the equator
in developing nations
less likely to have environmental planners
Developed nations (eg. Canada) often help
protect key ecosystems in these regions
The Biodiversity Index
number of species in an area ÷ total number
of organisms in the ecosystem
Closer to 1 higher biodiversity