30 tahun balai penelitian kehutanan banjarbaru30 tahun balai penelitian kehutanan banjarbaru :...
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30 Tahun Balai Penelitian KehutananBanjarbaru :
Kontribusi pada Rehabilitasi Hutan Rawa Gambut
Tri Wira YuwatiDony RachmanadiPurwanto B.S.RusmanaSudin Panjaitan
Outline
• Pendahuluan• Hutan rawa gambut di Kalimantan Tengah • Tiga dasa warsa penelitian rehabilitasi hutan
rawa gambut oleh BPK Banjarbaru• Penutup
Hutan Rawa Gambut
FishShrimpsCrabsMussels
Carbon Storage
Erosion ControlSedimentation ControlStorm ProtectionSaltwater Intrusion ControlPesticide Intrusion ControlPyrite Oxidation ControlWater Table StabilisationWater Quality MaintenanceMicroclimate StabilisationNutrient Supply
Forest ResourcesNipah/NibungConstruction WoodFuel WoodFuture Resources
BIODIVERSITY
LANDSCAPEUNIQUENESS
FUTUREOPTIONS
Eco-TourismDonations
Debt-for-Nature Swaps
Drinking WaterCoastal TransportationAgricultureSubsistence
Hutan Rawa Gambut
Hot spots 1997-2006
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
350,000
400,000
450,000
500,000
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010Year
Cumulative area burnt (Block C) 1973-2006
Kehilangan biodiversitas
Kerusakan tata air
Emisi GRK
Kehilangan nilai ekonomi
Tiga dasa warsa penelitian HRG
1983-1993• Regenerasi alam
di gambut dalam(Maliku)
• Ramin danbelangeran digambut tipis(Liang anggang)
1994-2003• Teknik
Rehabilitasi• Kebakaran hutan• Agroforestry• Establishing
KHDTK TumbangNusa to promote sustainable PSF management
2004-2013•Teknik rehabilitasi•Kebakaran hutan•Agroforestry•Pemanfaatanmikroba tanah•Makrofauna tanah•Growth & Yield•Biomassa & Karbon
Aspek yang telah ditelitiRe
vege
tasi
• Karakteristiklahan(tipologi danhidrologi)
• Karakteristikjenis
• Uji jenis• Persiapan
lahan• Teknik
penanamandanpemeliharaan
• Teknikpropagasi
Agro
fore
stry • Pengembang
an model• Aspek sosial
ekonomi• Aspek
lingkungan
Ling
kung
an&
Pro
dukt
ivita
s • Lingkunganpertumbuhan
• Pemupukan• Mikroba tanah• Makrofauna
tanah• Growth&yield• Biomassa&kar
bon
Keba
kara
n
•Karakteristikapi
•Rekayasa Alat•Manajemen
pemadaman
Revegetasi
FERNS-DOMINATEDPEAT SWAMP BUSHLOGGED-OVER AREA
MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL REGENERATION/ Enrichment planting
Planting
Planting
REVEGETATION
NO SPECIES SURVIVAL RATE1 Punak (Tetramerista glabra) 60-70%2 Pulai pipit (Alstonia spatulata) 60-70%3 Papung (Sandoricum spp.) 10 %4 Jelutung (Dyera polyphylla) 70-90%5 Blangeran (Shorea balangeran) 60-85%6 Takapas/medang telur (Stemonourus
scorpioides)50-60%
7 Cotylolebium spp. 25%8 Jingah (Gluta renghas) -9 Bintangur (Calophyllum macrocarpum) 70%
10 Kapur naga (Calophyllum spp.) 70%11 Ramin (Gonystylus bancanus) 50%12 Nyatoh (Palaquium spp.) 40%
NO SPECIES SURVIVAL RATE13 Galam (Melaleuca spp.) -14 Alau (Dacrydium spp.) 50%15 Resak (Vatica rassak) 50%16 Meranti rawa (Shorea
teysmanniana)40%
• More than 30 species used for trials includingnon PSF species (Fagrarea sp., Lagerstroemeaspeciosa, A. crassicarpa etc)• After 5 years, highest survival rate: (S.
balangeran, D. polyphylla, T. glabra, V. rassakand Calophyllum spp.)
100
80
60
40
20
0
-20
-40
Jul Agt Sep Okt Nov Des Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
RAINY SEASON DRY SEASON DRY SEASON
Hardening
Transport Planting
STOP Tending
Watel level
TendingH dH
ggMOUND
Moist zone in dry season
Wibisono et al (2005)
Mounds were made to avoid inundation and facilitating plants from physiological stresses due to the limited O2 content.
1) & 2) Cuttings in propagation box3) Acclimatization in greenhouse4) Acclimatization under the shading net
1
34
2
KOFFCO nursery
No. Local name Scientific name Generative Vegetative
(cuttings, wildlings)1 Jelutung rawa/pantung Dyera polyphylla � �
2 Pulai (rawa) Alstonia pneumatophora � �
3 Pulai pipit (rawa) Alstonia spatulata � �
4 Tumih/Merapat Combretocarpus rotundatus � �
5 Punak Tetramerista glabra � �
6 Galam Melaleuca leucadendra � 07 Kapur naga Callophylum soulattri � �
8 Gemor � �
9 Medang telur Stemonurus scorpioides � �
10 Alau Dacrydium becarii 0 �
11 Belangiran Shorea balangeran � �
12 Kayu bulan Fagrarea crenulata � 013 Ramin Gonystylus bancanus � �
14 Nyatoh Palaquium sp. � 015 Meranti bunga/lanan
lampungShorea teysmanniana � � (wildlings)
16 Bintangur Calophyllum sp. � (wildlings)17 Ketiau Palaquium sp. 0 � (wildlings)18 Meranti batu Shorea spp. � � (wildlings)19 Resak Cotylelobium burckii 0 � (wildlings)20 Papung Sandoricum sp. 0 � (wildlings)21 Gerunggang Cratoxylon glaucum 0 � (wildlings)
a
b
b
b
kontrolEnthrosphospora
GigasporaGlomus
FMA
5.00
7.50
10.00
12.50
15.00ti
ng
gi (
cm)
a
b
b
b
kontrolEnthrosphospora sp.
Gigaspora decipiensGlomus clarum
FMA
2.00
4.00
6.00
JU
ML
AH
DA
UN
(h
ela
i)
Callophylum soulattri, 5 months after innoculation in nursery
aa
b
kontrol Glomus c larum Gigaspora decipiens
FMA
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
diam
eter
(cm
) a
a b
kontrol Glomus c larum Gigaspora decipiens
FMA
200.00
400.00
600.00
tingg
i (cm
)
Alstonia pneumatophora 5 years after planting in the field
1. ITTO CITES dan PD 426 : Konservasi Ramin- Kebun pangkas ramin (10.000 stock plants)- Uji gene pool 2 ha- Pembangunan demplot tanaman 2 ha2. Dishut Kapuas- Monitoring fenologi ramin3. Kalimantan Forest and Climate Partnership- Eksplorasi jenis- Eksplorasi mikoriza- Perbanyakan jenis- Toleransi jenis thd kondisi lingkungan4. Sumitomo Corp. dan Sumitomo Forestry- Pembangunan demplot agroforestry 4 ha- Monitoring regenerasi alam jenis rawa gambut di
KHDTK Tumbang Nusa
Penutup
• Beberapa aspek rehabilitasi rawa gambutterdegradasi sudah dikuasai.
• Tetapi, masih banyak yang harus digali….
Future research needed• Physiological aspects affecting the success of
rehabilitation at degraded PSF • Biodiversity• Pest and diseases• Forest product technology• PES (payment for environmental services)• Management of Conservation Areas • Forest economy