3 observing
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OBSERVING
PISMP SAINS
Amb. Jan. 2011
Oleh,
Sylvester Saimon Simin/
Junaidi @ Patrick Bin Jair
Jab. Sains & Matematik
IPG Kampus Keningau, Sabah
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WHAT?
Most basic skill in science Essential to the development of other
science process skills
We observe objects, substances or eventsthrough our five senses: sight, smell,
touch, taste and hearing
To observe an object or substance is toexplore all of its properties color, texture,
odor, shape, weight, volume, temperature,
sound
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OBSERVING USES SENSES
OBSERVING
SMELLING
It smells .(odor)
It smells like ..
SEEING
It looks .(color, size, shape, measurements)
It looks like ..
TASTING
It tastes .
It tastes like ..
HEARING
It sounds .
It sounds like ..
TOUCHING
It feels .(texture, temperature, pressure)
It feels like ..
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TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS Uses only senses to obtain information
Eg:
It is light green in colour. (sight)
It has a pungent odor. (smell)
It tastes sour. (taste)
Its leaves are waxy and smooth. (touch)
It makes a rustling sound when lightly rubbed.(hearing)
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TYPES OF OBSERVATIONS
QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS Observations that involve number or quantity
Include a reference to some standard unit of measure
Made with instruments such as rulers, balances,graduated cylinders give us specific and precise
information. Approximation and comparisons are notas precise but are also quantitative observations.
Eg: One leaf is 10 cm long and 6 cm wide. (metric rule)
The mass of one leaf is 5g. (balance) The temperature of the room in which it grows is 22C.(thermometer)
The plants leaves are clustered in groups of five.
This plant is larger than that plant.
Each flower is as wide as 3 paper clips placed end to end.
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OBSERVING CHANGES
In observing objects or phenomena thatundergo physical or chemical changes,
observations will be eitherqualitative or
quantitative.
In describing a change it is important to
include statements of observation made
before, during and afterthe change occurs
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ACTIVITY BURNING CANDLE
Describe at least 7 (4 qualitative and 3quantitative) obsevations before the
change, 3 general statements about the
changes as you observe them occuring,
and 5 observations (4 qualitative and 1
quantitative) after the change has taken
place.
Record your observations in the tablebelow.
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WHAT I OBSERVED
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS
Before
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
During
1.
2.
3.
After
1.
2.
3.
1.
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SELF CHECK
QUALITATIVE OBSERVATIONS QUANTITATIVE OBSERVATIONS
Before
1. Color: white
2. Slight odor3. Undetectable taste
4. Cylindrical shape
5. One end flat, other end cone shaped
6. From cone extends a tuft of white, fuzzy, fibrous, soft material
composed of strands
7. Each strand is cylindrical and irregularly coiled
1. Mass: 2 g
2. 5 cm long
3. 1 cm diameter4. Each strand is 0.5 mm in diameter
5. Coil of strands is 1 mm in diameter
6. Coil extends 5 mm above tip of cone
During
1. Fibrous strand turn black
2. Flame is elliptical in shape
3. Flame flickers in slight wind
4. Upper part of flame is bright yellow, lower part of flame is dull
yellow with a blue margin
5. A puddle of liquid forms in place of the cone
6. Liquid material drips down side of candle; some solidifies on acooler part of the candle, some drips to the table top.
After
1. Color: white
2. Solid irregular in shape
3. Small portion of fibrous strands protrudes from wax
4. Exposed part of fibrous strands is black
1. Mass: 1 g
2. Height of wax at highest point: 3 mm
3. Distance across wax at the widest
point: 1.5 cm
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Petunjuk Memerhati (PPK, 1994)
Menggunakan pelbagai deria dengan berkesan
Mengenal butiran yang relevan mengenai sesuatu objek dan
sekitarannya
Memberi tumpuan yang lebih ke atas butiran relevan yang terkandung
di dalam maklumat yang banyak.
Mengenal persamaan dan perbezaanMengenal ciri-ciri yang ganjil atau yang mempunyai kelainan
Menyedari perubahan di dalam persekitaran
Mengenal pasti tertiban kejadian yang berlaku
Menggunakan alat bagi membantu deria untuk membuat kajianterperinci.
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Contoh Aktiviti
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1. Pemerhatian terhadap gula-gula
2. Pemerhatian terhadap campurantepung.
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Aplikasi Kemahiran Memerhati
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Sains Tahun: 4
Bidang Kajian: Menyiasat Alam Fizikal
Ob. Umum: 6. Mengetahui sifat magnetOb. Khusus: 6.1 Memperihal tarikan
magnet ke atas sesetengah bahan
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