3. haron amelogenesis imperfecta
TRANSCRIPT
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AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA
Presented by:
HARON, Sittie Aainaa M.
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AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA (AI)
DEFINITION:• disorder of tooth development, abnormal enamel formation.•AI defects include abnormalities that are classified as hypoplastic (defect in amount of enamel), hypomaturation (defect in final growth and maturation of enamel crystallites), and hypocalcified (defect in initial crystallite formation followed by defective growth)• It is due to the malfunction of the proteins in the enamel: ameloblastin, enamelin, tuftelin and amelogenin.
ALSO CALLED: ENAMEL DYSPLASIA
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• The enamel of the tooth is soft and thin.• Teeth appear yellow and are easily damaged.• Both deciduous teeth and permanent teeth are affected.• brown or white chalky discoloration of the teeth
This condition causes teeth to be unusually small, discolored, pitted or grooved, and prone to rapid wear and breakage
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DENTAL CORRELATION
• Full crowns will improve the appearance of the teeth and protect them from damage.
compensate for the soft enamel stainless steel crowns are used
in children
porcelain for adults• teeth may have to be extracted and implants or dentures are required.
As a dentist, we are expected to diagnose and treat this condition:
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CLASSIFICATION:MULTIFACTORIAL - six genes are known to cause Amelogenesis Imperfecta• AMELX, ENAM, MMP20, KLK4, FAM83H, and WDR72
MENDELIAN - the different types of AI are classified according to their mode of inheritance.
• Autosomal Dominant Inheritance• Autosomal Recessive Inheritance• X-linked Recessive Inheritance
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Type Clinical Appearance Enamel Thickness Radiographic Appearance
Inheritance
Hypoplastic (Type I)
Crowns size varies from small to normal, small teeth may lack proxmial contacts, color varies from normal to opaque white – yellow brown
Varies from thin and smooth to normal thickness with grooves, furrows and/or pits
Enamel has normal to slightly reduced contrast/ thin
Autosomal dominant, recessive, or X-linked
Hypomaturation(Type II)
Varies from creamy opaque to marked yellow/brown, surface of teeth soft and rough, dental sensitivity and open bite common
Normal thickness with enamel that often chips and abrades easily
Enamel has contrast similar to or > than dentin, unerupted crowns have normal morphology
Autosomal dominant, recessive, or X-linked
Hypocalcified(Type III)
Opaque white to yellow-brown, soft rough enamel surface, dental sensitivity and open bite common, heavy calculus formation common
Normal thickness with enamel that often chips and abrades easily
Enamel has contrast similar to or < dentin, unerupted crowns have normal morphology
Autosomal dominant, recessive
Hypomaturation/ Hypoplasia/
Taurodontism(Type IV)
White/Yellow- Brown mottled, teeth can appear small and
lack proximal contact
Reduced, hypomineralized
areas and pits
Enamel contrast normal to slightly > dentin, large
pulp chambers
Autosomal dominant