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M.K. Nezami, Ph.D./2007 Source [ ]

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WiMAX and 3G Cellular: Competitive or

Complementary?

Mohamed K. Nezami, Ph.D., KI4CUA

Princess Sumaya University for TechnologyAmman , Jordan

E-mail: [email protected]

Ph. 0777-38390


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Presentation Outline

• Legacy Wireless Networks (1 st, 2nd, 2.5, and 3 rd

Generation).• Formation of the Fourth Generation Wireless Networ ks.

• Emerging Wireless Broad Band Access Networks.– WiMax & 3G.– IP multimedia subsystem (IMS).– Convergence, interoperability, and coexistence.

• A look at future 4G Wireless Networks.

• Potential new research and business developments.– Israel REMON wireless R&D program– India’s IIT wireless R&D program

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Abstract

The rapid evolution of wireless networking technologies has opened up new possibilities for wireless delivery of voice and multimedia services. In addition to the legacy GSM and current third generation (3G) mobile networks, new broadband wireless access technologies such as PANs, WLANs, WiMAX, Flash-OFDM, and DVB-H are emerging as alternative means to provide services to mobile users. These technologies are also offering possibilities for new players to enter the markets, inducing competition and possibly threatening the businesses of established players. For wireless service providing companies, government regulating agencies and researchers, it is necessary to distinguish between these systems and to be able to envision their differences and commons. In this presentation Dr. Mohamed Nezami overviews these systems and the standards and services that governed their emergence. Then he performs an analysis of the emerging wireless technologies such as 3G and WiMax and their m a r k e t p o t e n t i a l a n d t h e i r t e c h n i c a l c h a l l e n g e s .


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2,000

0

32

64

9.6

128

144

384

1G 2G 3G

VoiceVoice

Text MessagingText Messaging

Video StreamingVideo Streaming

Still Still ImagingImaging

Audio StreamingAudio Streaming

Dat

a T

rans

mis

sion

Spe

ed -

k bp

s

ElectronicNewspaper

RemoteMedical Service(Medical image)

VideoConference

(High quality)

Telephone(Voice)

VoiceMail

E-MailFax

ElectronicPublishing Karaoke

VideoConference

(Lower quality)

JPEGStill Photos

MobileRadio

Video Surveillance,Video Mail, Travel

Image

Audio

Voice-driven Web PagesStreaming Audio

DataWeather, Traffic, News,Sports, Stock updates

Mobile TV

E-Commerce

Video onDemand:

Sports, NewsWeather

Emerging Applications

GSM GPRS/EDGE UMTS/WiMaxDead !

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Talk, listen, watch, command, surf, play, …..

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Higher Speed Demand


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Current Wireless International Standards

Wireline Portable Low Mobility High Mobility

Cov

erag

e (R

ange

)

802.11 (WLAN),

802.15 (WPAN),

802.16 (WMAN).

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IEEE802.15 (WPAN)


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Wireless Local Area Networks (IEEE802.11 WLAN)

802.11n

>100MbPS

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Coverage and Mobility of current Systems

2G/2

.5G

Cel

lula

r

3G C

ellu

lar

Bluetooth

802.11 WLAN

802.16d802.16e

802.20

802.15.3a (UWB)

802.16

HSDPA/HSUPA

Cov

erag

e

10m

100m

1km

10km

0.1 1 10 100

Data Rate (Mbps)


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Coverage and Mobility of Current Systems

Link Bit Rate Mbps

802.15.3a(UWB)

Vehicular

Nomadic

Stationary

Mob

ility

3G C

ellu

lar

0.1 1 10 100

802.11 WLAN

802.16d

802.16e

802.20

802.16

2G/2

.5G

Cel

lula

r

802.15 WPAN(Bluetooth)

HSD

PA

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Coverage and Mobility of current Systems


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150-250Km/hr

Optical Connection to Homes

10 kbps

100 kbps

1 Mbps

10 Mbps

100 Mbps

1 Gbps

GSM+GPRS

EDGE+GPRS

UMTS

HSDPA

Bandwidth

Wireline Portable Low Mobility High Mobility

PO

TS ISD

N

AD

SL,

AD

SL2

,A

DS

L2+

VD

SL2 Fib

er

Mobility

WLAN,WiMax

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Legacy Wireless Networks: 2G & 1G

• GSM: Global System of Mobile communications/ 1992• GPRS peak data rates of 140 kbps; EDGE data rates

of 384kbps• Difficult costly to 3G and International Roaming is

available

• CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access: IS-95/1993 • Peak data rate of 14.4kpbs• Difficult costly evolution to 3G limited to USA and

Korea


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• Peak data-rate per sector : DL – > 14.4 MbpsUL – > 2.0 Mbps

• LTE > 70Mbps

WCDMA (UMTS) with HSDPA

WCDMA=UMTS=IMT2000=3G

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Evolution of WLAN IEEE802.11x


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Evolution of WLAN IEEE802.11x

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Full mobilitybut lower speed

Larger coveragebut limited mobility

Mature technology but limited coverage

Wi-Fi WiMAX 3G/HSDPA

Current View of Wireless Runners

Promises everything

Mobile-Fi 4G


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FDM OFDM

OFDM uses bandwidth whichis not available for use in

traditional FDM

Transmission Technology behind WiMax and 4G

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Principle of WiMax


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Cisco, Motorola, Qualcom and

Flarion

Standards coming Product late ‘06

802.20 in development

Licensed

<3.5 GHz

Full mobility

3 – 8 km

Up to 1.5 Mbps each

802.20Mobile-FI

GSM Wireless Industry

CW in 6+ cities

Part of GSM standard

Licensed

Existing wireless spectrum

Full mobility

Coverage is overlaid on wireless

infrastructure

384 Kbps – 2 Mbps

UMTS3G R99

Products 2H05In market todayAvailability

802.16, 802.16a and 802.16 REVd standardized, other

under development

802.11a, b and g standardizedStandardization

BothUnlicensedLicensing

Intel, Fujitsu, Alcatel, Siemens, BT, AT&T,

Qwest, McCaw

2-11 GHz for 802.16a

11-60 GHz for 802.16

Fixed (Mobile - 16e)

30 – 50 km

2 - 5 km (’07)

Share up to 70 Mbps

802.16WiMAX

Industry-wideBackers

2.4 GHz for 802.11b/g

5.2 GHz for 802.11aFrequency/Spectrum

PortableMobility

100 meters

30 meters

Range (LOS)Range (NLOS)

11-54 Mbps sharedBandwidth

802.11WiFi

Performance of Current Wireless Runners

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Coverage and Throughput of Current Systems

maturePre-std.Std.emergingWidely

deployed

MatureStatus

CellularMetro MobileInternet

Metro

B-band

Local Area

Network, laptop, PDA

Local Area Network,

laptop, PDA

Phone

Laptop

PDA

PC

App.

Low-high, kbps -Mbps

Med-high, ~1

Mbps

Med-high, 1-

10 Mbps

Very high, 100 Mbps

Very high, 11-55 Mbps

Low -kbps

Speeds

869-

894 Mhz

2-6

Ghz

2-11 Ghz

2.4 Ghz2.4, 5.8 Ghz2.4 Ghz

Freq.

< 10K< 5 km50 km100m100m<10mRange

2G, 2.5G, 3G

802.16e WiMaxMobile

802.16a

WiMax

802.11n

WWiSE

TGnSync

802.11a/b/g

WiFi

Blue-

Tooth

maturePre-std.Std.emergingWidely

deployed

MatureStatus

CellularMetro MobileInternet

Metro

B-band

Local Area

Network, laptop, PDA

Local Area Network,

laptop, PDA

Phone

Laptop

PDA

PC

App.

Low-high, kbps -Mbps

Med-high, ~1

Mbps

Med-high, 1-

10 Mbps

Very high, 100 Mbps

Very high, 11-55 Mbps

Low -kbps

Speeds

869-

894 Mhz

2-6

Ghz

2-11 Ghz

2.4 Ghz2.4, 5.8 Ghz2.4 Ghz

Freq.

< 10K< 5 km50 km100m100m<10mRange

2G, 2.5G, 3G

802.16e WiMaxMobile

802.16a

WiMax

802.11n

WWiSE

TGnSync

802.11a/b/g

WiFi

Blue-

Tooth


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802.15 (Bluetooth 1.1) 802.11b (WLAN) 802.11a/g (WLAN) 802.16 - 2004 (WiMAX)

Frequenza di lavoro

2.4 GHz (ISM) 2.4-2.4835GHz 5 GHz 802.11a 2.4 GHz 802.11b,g Unlicensed

2-11 GHz Licensed/Unlicensed

RaggioFino a 10m (Short-range, NLOS

Piconet) <100m < 100mFino a 50km, dimensione media di

cella 6-9km (NLOS)

Bit Rate Fino a 1 Mbps Fino a 11.5Mbps 54Mbps di picco Fino a 75 Mbps in canali da 20MHz

PotenzaTre classi di potenza <1mW, <2,5mW

e <100mW<100mW

<100mW Indoor & outdoor 802.11g <200mW Indoor & <1000mW outdoor

802.11a1W-3W

Scalabilità

Piconetcom: nodo master e massimo 7 nodi slave. Usa 79 canali con

frequency hopping, ciascuno di banda 1 MHz

13 canali parzialmente sovrapposti, ognuno largo 22 MHz, utilizzanti la

modulazione DSSS - Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum

23 canali in 802.11a e 3 canali in 802.11g

Allocazione di banda flessibile e pianificazione di celle semplice

QoSUsa uno schedulatore Round-robin o

schedulatori costruiti ad hoc802.11e sviluppa lo standard -

attualmente no QoS802.11e sviluppa lo standard -

attualmente no QoSQoS inclusa nel livello MAC

802.16e (WiMAX) 802.20 (MobileFi) WCDMA (UMTS)

2-6 GHz Licensed bands ( < 6 GHz) < 3,5 GHz Licensed 1,920 – 2,170 GHz

Accesso MAN, NLOS, roaming locale/regionale utilizzando impianti

802.16-2004

Accesso MAN > 15 km, NLOS, roaming e mobilità

WAN con dimensione media cella 500-1000m

Fino a 75Mbps downstream> 4Mbps (picco DL aggregato per

cella) >800kbps (picco UL aggregato per cella)

384kbps mobile e 2Mbps stanziale

TBD 500mW 125mW-2W

Compatibile con tecniche di accesso fisse

Banda di canale 1.25 MHz (2x1.25 MHz paired FDD, 2.5 MHz unpaired

TDD), Tipicamente < 5 MHzCellulare con 5MHz carrier

QoS inclusa nel livello MAC Allo studio QoS garantita

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No QoS support.802.11e working to standardize

Channel BW is 20 MHz wide and cell planning is constrained

< 350mA

Peak 54 Mb/s

Sub – 100m

5 GHz 802.11a2.4 GHz 802.11b,g Unlicensed

802.11a/g(WLAN)

TBDTBDTBD< 30mAPower

Under Study!

Channel BW is 1.25 MHz (2x1.25 MHz paired FDD, 2.5 MHz unpaired TDD), Typically < 5 MHz

>4 Mbps (DL peak aggregate/cell)>800 kbps (UL peak aggregate/cell)

Metropolitan Area Access, > 15 kms,NLOS, ubiquitous MAN, global mobility and roamingTypical cellular?

< 3.5 GHzLicensed

802.20

Channelization and control for multimedia services with QoS

Channel BW >5 MHzOptimized for and backwards compatible with Fixed Stations

High-data rate fixed wireless user with adjunct mobility service

Metropolitan Area Access, NLOS, Local/Regional roaming support and deployable in existing 16a footprint

2-6 GHz Licensed bands ( < 6 GHz)

802.16e(WiMAX)

QoS built into MACVoice/video, Differentiated services

Flexible ch. BW to accommodate license & license-exempt bandsEasy cell planning

Up to 74.7 Mbit/s in 20 MHz channels

Up to 50km, Avg. cell size: 6-9km, NLOS, optional STC

2-11 GHz Licensed/Unlicensed

802.16a(WiMAX)

Uses basic Round-robin Scheduler or custom-built schedulers

Piconet with master and up to 7 slaves. Uses 79, 1 MHz Channels for frequency hopping

Up to 1 Mbit/s

Up to 10mShort-range, NLOS Piconet

2.4 GHzISM band

802.15.1(Bluetooth 1.1)

• 802.16e is a mobility adjunct to high-data rate fixed service, symmetric data with local/Regional mobility. Vehicular speeds of 120-150 km/h

Frequency

802.16a: grant request MAC802.11: contention based MAC

QoS

802.16a limited by available spectrum (150 MHz in 2.5 GHz, 12 MHz in 2.1 GHz)802.16 has large blocks on the order of 1 GHz+

Scalability

Bit Rate

• 802.20 fully mobile, 250km/h, high throughput, symmetric data service –suitable for high-speed trains

Range

Comments

Comparison of Complimentary Standards


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Licensed Spectrum vs Unlicensed SpectrumThe use of unlicensed spectrum creates interference issues

Providing affordable coverage is crucial in wireles s telecommunicationsLower frequencies are best for lower coast circuits

11GHz5GHz2GHz1GHz

CDMA450

LicensedUnlicensed

GSM1.8

CDMA1.9

WCDMA2.1

GSM900

CDMA800

cdma2000 ®

450, 800, 1.7, 1.9, 2.1

CDMA1.7

802.15.1Bluetooth

2.4

802.11 b, gWi-Fi2.4

TD-SCDMA2.1

802.11 a, eWi-Fi5.0

802.16a, eWiMAX

2-11

802.16a, eWiMAX

5.8

802.15.3aUWB

3.1-10.6802.16LMDS28-29

29GHz

Licensed &Unlicensed

Spectrum Allocation


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UMTS (3G) Spectrum 2005 - 2007

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2.3, 2.5, 3.5,5.8 GHz

2.3, 2.5, 3.7,5.8 GHz

2.5, 3.5,5.8 GHz

2.5, 3.5,5.8 GHz

3.5, 5.8 GHz

2.3, 2.5, 3.5,5.8 GHz

2.3, 2.5, 3.3,3.5, 5.8 GHz

Expect WiMAX deployments Also at ~ 700 MHz

Expect WiMAX deployments Also at ~ 700 MHz

WiMax Spectrum by Region 2005 - 2007


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Source: IDATE

• Favored frequencies

– 2.3 GHz - 2.5 GHz : Mobile services

– 3.5 GHz : Fixed services

WiMax Spectrum by Region 2005 - 2007

700MHz ???

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WiMax Spectrum

2.5 GHz 3.5 GHz 5.8 GHz

Mobile

Licensed LicensedLicenseExempt

Fixed / Nomadic(mobile)

Fixed / Nomadic


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Evolutions of Current Standards Toward 3G

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GSM

199819971989

Rel’97(GPRS)

Rel’98(AMR)

R’99(EDGE)

Rel 6 (SAIC)

Rel’5(HSDPA)

Rel’6 (E-DCH, MBMS)

R’99(UMTS)

1999 2002 2005

Standards Completion Dates (or expected completion dates) shown in RED

2G Initial 3G Evolved 3G

Rel’7 (EnhancedHSDPA)

2006

IS-2000 Rev A

IS-2000 *Rev D

(1xEV-DV)

IS-856 Rev 0

(1xEV-DO)

1994 1998 1999

2000 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

IS-2000Rev C

(1xEV-DV)

IS-95A IS-95B IS-2000(cdma2000 1x)

IS-856 Rev A

(1xEV-DO)

IS-1006(BCMCS)

IS-856Rev B

(1xEV-DO)

IS-1006-A(EBCMCS)

IS-856 Rev C

(1xEV-DO)

Rel’7 (GERAN

Enhancements )

2008+

Future Evolution

2007

Rel’8 HSPA+?

LTE?

Jordan In 2007


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Harmonization

2000~2002 2003~2004 2005~2006 2008~2010

Cellular Based(3GPP,3GPP2)

InternetBased(IEEE)

cdma2000 1x

EV-DO

WCDMA

EV-DORev. A

2Mbps/2Mbps

153kbps/2.4Mbps153kbps/307kbps 1.8Mbps/3.1Mbps

2Mbps/14.4Mbps

WCDMA(R6)HSUPA

WCDMA(R5)HSDPA

4G

11Mbps

802.11a/g

54Mbps

802.16a/b/d

75Mbps(Fixed)

WiBro

6Mbps/18.4Mbps

802.16e

11Mbps

802.11b

100Mbps

802.20

30Mbps

EV-DORev. B EV-DO

Rev. C

1.8Mbps/4.9Mbps*3G LTEHSOPA

802.11n100Mbps

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WLAN

WLAN

WiFi

802.11b

WiFi

802.11b 802.11g802.11g

WiFi5

802.11a

WiFi5

802.11a

802.11n802.11n

11 MbpsAt 2,4 GHz

100+ Mbps

54 MbpsAt 2,4 GHz

Increasing Range and Mobility Ł

WWAN

WWAN

GSM

GPRS

GSM

GPRS

115 kbps

WCDMA(UMTS)

WCDMA(UMTS)

EDGEEDGE

HSPDA

(UMTSR5)

HSPDA

(UMTSR5)

384 kbps

384kbps - 2 Mbps

CDMA2000

1xRTT

CDMA2000

1xRTT 1xEV-DV1xEV-DV1xEV-DO1xEV-DO144 kbps 2.4 Mbps

3.1 Mbps

2007+2007+2006200620052005

WPAN

WPAN

Bluetooth 1.2

Bluetooth 1.2

Bluetooth 2.0EDR

Bluetooth 2.0EDR

Zigbee802.15.4

Zigbee802.15.4

UWB802.15.3a

UWB802.15.3a

Zigbee +Zigbee +

2,1 Mbps

250 Kbps1 Mbps

100 Mbps+

NG UWBNG UWB

480 Mbps

721 kbps

BWA

BWA WiMAX

802.16-2004

(802.16REVd)

WiMAX

802.16-2004

(802.16REVd) 802.16e802.16e

MobileFi

802.20

MobileFi

802.20

2-75 Mbps

TACSAnalog

TACSAnalog

AMPSAnalog

AMPSAnalog

8-10 Mbps?

1G1G 2G - 2,5G - 2,75G – 3G2G - 2,5G - 2,75G – 3G 3,5G – B3G – 4G3,5G – B3G – 4G

WLL

802.16-2001

WLL

802.16-2001 2-155 MbpsAt 10-60GHz

2-75 Mbps?

2-4 Mbps?

WRAN

80.22

WRAN

80.22

18 Mbps?

1 Mbps

CognitiveRadio

CognitiveRadio

54 MbpsAt 5GHz

802.15.1802.15.1

Bluetooth 1.1

Bluetooth 1.1

Evolutions of Current Standards to Beyond 4G


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iDEN Evolutions

GSM

IS-95A

PDC

IS-136

cdma2000

iDEN

1xEV-DV(1XTREME)

IS-95B

1xEV-DO(HDR)

GPRS EDGE

W-CDMA HSPDA

2G 2.5G 3G

world

Japan

U.S.

U.S.

U.S./Asia

NTT DoCoMo

AT&

T

Korea

iDENpacket data

JordanXpressIs dead!

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P-CSCF

Node-B RNC/MSC SGSN GGSN

RAN Domain

BTS BSC/MSCPDSN

I-CSCF

S-CSCF

MGCF

IMS-MGW

MRF

SGW

IMS Domain

BGCF

PSTN

Other IMS

v IMS : IP Multimedia SubSystems

Current 3G-GSM integration into an all IP network


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• Release 5 IMS - IP-based Multimedia Services• HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access

• Release 6 2nd phase of IMS• Many other features designed to exploit multimedia

communications, Internet access

• Release '99 Early 3G deployment

• Release 5 IMS - IP-based Multimedia Services• HSDPA - High Speed Downlink Packet Access

• Release 6 2nd phase of IMS• Many other features designed to exploit multimedia

communications, Internet access

Evolution of 3G Radio Rates

LTE Release TBD ???

3GPP WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA LTE

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Peak Network Data Rates

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

GPRS EDGE WCDMA HSPA HSPA+ LTE

Technology

kbits

/sec

UL

DL

Evolution of 3G Radio Rates

LTE was initiated to make 3G competitive with WiMax


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3G Long Term Evolution LTE

• Physical layer:

– Downlink based on OFDMA• OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc

– Uplink based on SC-FDMA • SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited

for uplink from hand-held devices• (battery power considerations)

• Access Network consideration:– For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which

minimized the number of nodes

3GPP WCDMA HSDPA HSUPA LTE

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3G Long Term Evolution LTE

– Data rate of 100Mbit/s (downlink)– Cellular VoIP– < 20ms latency

• Competes with WiMAX and DVB-H

• IP optimize network


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Cat 12 HSDPA LaptopUMTS 2100Quadband GSM

Fujitsu Lifebook Q2010 Lenovo T60

Cat 12 HSDPA LaptopUMTS 1900/850Quadband GSM

Dell Latitude 620


Dell Latitude 820


Acer 5650

Cat 12 HSDPA LaptopUMTS 2100Triband GSM

Lenovo X60


Ready HSDPA Laptops Now Selling !

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What is Beyond 3G?

• Suitable for emerging applications.

• IP-based.

• Ubiquitous seamless service.

• Higher speed.

• Cheaper.

• Lower Battery consumption

Crete new technology

Bandwidth request and allocation

Advanced techniques:HARQ, Turbo Coding, LDPCAdvanced Packet MIMOAntenna DiversityBeamformingAllAll--IPIPLink adaptationSmarter MACsOFDMAScheduling Inter-cell coordination…etc


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Intranets/Internet

PSTN/ISDN

WiFi/WiMax

Base Switching Station(GSM/EDGE)

UTRAN (WCDMA)

Mobile Packet Backbone Network

IP Multimedia Subsystem

Access Point

Site Router

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Base Station Controller (BSC)

Service DomainHost

Subscriber Server (HSS)

Emergency Alert System

(EAS)

Call Session Control Function (CSCF)

Media Resource

Function (MRF)

Transit Switching

Center (TSC)

Mobile Switching

Center (MSC)

Serving GPRS Support Node

(SGSN)

Multimedia Gateway

WLAN Access Server

GatewayGSN

MediaGateway

Base Transceiver Station (BTS)

Radio Network Controller (RNC)

Mobile Packet Networks

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Benefits of 3G, WiFi, and WiMax


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Comparison of 3G, WiFi, and WiMax

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WiMax


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WiMAX

• Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Acc ess

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• Broadband Internet• Multimedia• IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)• Cellular Alternative• Other emerging data applications

WiMAX Applications


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• Support IP by default

• VoIP

WiMAX as Cellular Alternative

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WiMAX as Cellular Alternative


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The Family of WiMAX standards

WiMAX is a trade name for a group of IEEE wireless standards. In that respect, WiMAX like Wi-Fi:

Wi-Fi labels IEEE 802.11 (802.11b, 802.11a, and 802.11g., 802.11n) standards,

WiMAX labels 802.16, Mobile WiMAX labels 802.16e.

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802.16(2004) :

•2~11/10‐66GHz.•line of sight(LOS)•point‐to‐multipoint topology•FDD/TDD Link•QoS•120Mbit/son each 25MHz channel.(64QAM)•Single Carrier•Fixed•max 50Km Radius


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–802.16a•2‐11GHz, 75Mbps•mesh (without relaying by base station)•OFDM•Not LOS–802.16e(2005.09) : Physical and Medium Access ControlLayers for Combined Fixed and

Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands•Mobile WirelessMAN•2~6GHz, 15Mbps•3~5Km cell radius•NLOS

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–WiBro (Korea)•2.3GHz Licenced Band•OFDMA PHY•60Km/h•Hard Handover•NLOS


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IEEE 802.16-2004 is a fixed wireless access technology, meaning that it is designed to serve as a wireless DSL replacement technology, to compete with the incumbent DSL or broadband cable providers or to provide basic voice and broadband access in underserved areas where no otheraccess technology exists:

• Developing countries • Rural areas (DSLAMs does not make sense)

• backhaul for WiFi access points or potentially for cellular networks,

• Can be used to provide much higher data rates and therefore be used as a T-1 replacement option for high-value corporate subscribers.Wireless backhaul in a Wi-Fi network.

IEEE 802.16-2004 Fixed WiMax

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Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL):

– ADSL technology can deliver data upstream 640 kbps and downstream more than 6 mbps.

– ADSL uses that portion of the telephone line’s bandwidth that is not utilized by voice, allowing for simultaneous voice and data transmission.


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IEEE 802.16e is intended to offer a key feature that802.16-2004 lacks - portability and mobility. This standard requires a new hardware/software solution since it is not backward compatible with 802.16-2004

IEEE 802.16e Mobile WiMax

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Licensed

The licensed spectrum is found at 700MHz, 2.3GHz, 2.5GHz and 3.5GHz, with the latter twofrequency bands currently receiving the most attention.

UnlicensedIn most markets, the unlicensed spectrum that could be used for WiMAX is 2.4GHz and 5.8GHz.

IEEE 802.16-2004


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Broadband Market

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Broadband Market


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• DSL complement§DSL is not available, e.g. poor copper infrastructu re§DSL OPEX too high, e.g. low population density§Central Office is too far away for DSL§CLEC bypassing incumbent

• DSL competition§ If DSL is available, hard to beat

•

802.16

802.16 for Broadband Wireless Access

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ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL2 Facts

• ADSL – Basis for the first commercial solution

• ADSL2 – Boosts performance:13 Mbps / 3 Mbps (DS/US)– provides service over longer loop lengths– Approx. 500 m more compared with G992.1– Annex L even more on long loop lengths

• ADSL2+ – Boosts performance even more – Up to 28 Mbps / 3 Mbps (DS/US)– ADSL2+ relevant for loop lengths up to 2 km

• VDSL2– Superior within 1500m range– ITU standard from May 2005

• ADSL – Basis for the first commercial solution

• ADSL2 – Boosts performance:13 Mbps / 3 Mbps (DS/US)– provides service over longer loop lengths– Approx. 500 m more compared with G992.1– Annex L even more on long loop lengths

• ADSL2+ – Boosts performance even more – Up to 28 Mbps / 3 Mbps (DS/US)– ADSL2+ relevant for loop lengths up to 2 km

• VDSL2– Superior within 1500m range– ITU standard from May 2005

Length, Km1 Km 2 Km 3 Km 4 Km 5 Km 6 Km

8

13

ADSL2

ADSL2+

28

Data Rate, Mbps

7 Km

ADSL

>100

VDSL2


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ADSL2/ADSL2+/VDSL2 Facts

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IEEE 802.16 Operation

A WiMAX tower, similar in concept to

a cell-phone tower

A WiMAX Receiver The receiver and antenna could be a small box or PCMCIA card, or they could be built intoa laptop the way WiFi access is today


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WiMAX Vision

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WCDMA

WCDMA

WCDMA

802.16802.16--2004

2004

Rural

Rural

Rural

UrbanDSL/T1

Replacement 802.16802.16--20042004

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

RuralBroadband

Metro Gov’tWiFi Hotzone

Cellular Operator Data

Overlay

802.16802.16--20042004

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

802.16e

802.16e

WiMAX Vision


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• Fixed Wireless Access: – DSL to homes and business

WiFiWiFi

WiFiWiFi

802.16eNLOS to MSS (laptop/PDA..)

802.16aNLOS to fixed

outdoor antenna

802.16aNLOS to

fixed Indoor antenna

802.16LOS to fixed

outdoor antenna

BROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESSBROADBAND WIRELESS ACCESS

WiFiWiFi

MSS: Mobile Subscriber Station; LOS: Line of Sight; NLOS: Non Line of Sight

802.16/aBackhaul

WiMAX Vision

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Broadband Access

for Enterprise

BroadbandAccess @ Homecomplementaryto DSL & Cable

Broadband Accessfor Public hotspots

WiWi--FiFi

WiWi--FiFi

WiFi

802.16-2004

802.16-2004

802.16-2004

*Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.

Nomadic Broadband

complementary to3G, EDGE & WiFi

802.16-e

WiMAX Vision


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WiMAX Vision

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WiMAX Vision


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WiMAX Vision

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WiMAX Vision


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WiMAX Vision

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Data Rate

Mobility

Fixed WiMAXIEEE 802.16d2005

Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e2007?

Standard Maturing

Portable WiMAXNomadic WiMAXIEEE 802.16d/e2006?

Standard Maturing

Migration of WiMAX

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• IEEE 802.16e• 2-3km coverage• High speed hand over

(< 50ms latencies)• Ensures performance at

vehicular speeds greater than >120km/h

• < 30Mbps for downlink• < 15Mbps for uplink

Mobile WiMAX


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Fixed and Mobile WiMAX

• WiMAX Fixed / Nomadic– 802.16d or 802.16-2004– Usage: Backhaul, Wireless DSL– Devices: outdoor and indoor

installed CPE– Frequencies: 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz

and 5.8GHz (Licensed and LE)– Description: wireless connections

to homes, businesses, and other WiMAX or cellular network towers

• WiMAX Mobile– 802.16e– Usage: Long-distance mobile

wireless broadband– Devices: PC Cards, Notebooks

and future handsets– Frequencies: 2.5GHz

– Description: Wireless connections to laptops, PDAs and handsets when outside of Wi-Fi hotspot coverage

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Performance WiMAX standards


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Comparison of WiMAX, WiFi and 3G Technology

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The Comparison with HSDPA

BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM

BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM

Modulation

CDMAOFDM/OFDMAOFDMAccess Tech.

2.9 bps/Hz3 bps/Hz3.75 bps/HzSpectral Efficiency

1.9~2.2GHz2~6GHz2~11GHzFreq. Allocation

Up to 120 km/hrUp to 100 km/hrPortableMobility

2 km5 km5 kmCell Radius

14.4Mbps/5MHz15 Mbps/5MHz75 Mbps/20MHzData Rate

HSDPA802.16e802.16-2004


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100 km/h100 km/h-Mobility

1/81/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/321/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32Guard Interval

30 Mbit/s (60 Mbit/swith smart antenna/MIMO)

15 Mbit (in 5 MHz channel)

134 Mbit/s SC (28 MHz channel bandwith)75 Mbit/s OFDM

Peak Data Rate

10 MHz5 MHz, 10MHz3.5 MHz, 7 MHzSample Frequency

TDDTDD/FDDTDD/FDDDuplex

OFDMA 1024 FFTScalable OFDMA 128 to 2048 FFT, TDMA, OFDM 256 FFT, SC

TDMA, OFDM, 256 FFT, OFDMA, SC

Multiple Access

QPSK (8PSK), 16QAM, 64 QAM

BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64 QAM

BPSK (pilot), QPSK, 16QAM, 64 QAM

Modulation

2.3 GHz to 2.4 GHz2 GHz-11GHz2 GHz to 66GHzFrequency Range

WiBroIEEE 802.16eIEEE 802.16-2004

The Comparison with WiBro

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Mobile WiMAX is a couple of years ahead of LTE

LTE is the technology that is closer to WiMAXbut direct comparison is yet premature


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WiMAX Aspect

The disadvantage compare With WiFi

• PWLAN had existed• Complete WiFi chains• WiFi low cost• WiMAX portable• WiMAX CPE cost still high

The advantage compare with WiFi•Coverage wider，，，，Nomadic•Capacity and throughout higher•Replace DSL in suburban•Backhaul solution

The disadvantage compare WithHSDPA

• Complete HSDPA Chains• HSDPA could upgrade from

WCDMA• There were already 82 WCDMA

Networks• There were already48 HSPDA

Networks

The advantage compare with HSDPA

• Coverage wider• The mobility is Similar to

HSDPA

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Concluding Remarks

• 3G will stay, WiMAX will make personal broadband a reality• WiMAX will capture a market different from 3G

– Emerging markets will be at the forefront– 3G operators will not, for once, be first adopters

– WiMAX is designed to cover large area (multiple homes/buildings), while Wi-Fi is to cover small area (a home/building)

• 3G has a current time-to-market advantage for mobility solutions. Proprietary vs. 802.16g based solutions will determ ine how long it takes to incorporate mobility into 802.16.


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Concluding Remarks

• WiMAX was not developed to compete with cellular voice market.

• Delivers wireless broadband anytime, anywhere.

• Internet technology from the ground up.

• One common standard delivers a global platform for mobile Internet services

• 3G and WiMAX will compete, but also have to coexist

• The technology roadmap for cellular and WiMAX is converging fast towards OFDMA, IP core, IMS

– Will we be able to keep cellular and WiMAX apart?

• 3G and WiMAX differ in their approach to wireless data:

– 3G is a voice technology moving towards data

– WiMAX is a data technology moving towards mobility

• Both 3G and WiMAX meet the requirements for wireless broadband

• Performance differences will not decide which technology is adopted and where

• The challenge for service providers is to understand which technology is better suited to their needs

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Concluding Remarks


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Concluding Remarks

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Who Will Deploy WiMax

Fixed broadband Mobile broadband

MSOs: Extend bundling of services to mobile data, without need of MVNO deal. Offer BWA where cable modem is not

available

DSL incumbents: offer wireless broadband as an add-on, and improve DSL coverage. Relationship with mobile

operator may make this move difficult

DSL incumbents: DSL fill-in strategy. May not be cost effective

MSOs: 1. cable modem fill-in strategy. May not be cost effective

2. Enter the business data market

Mobile operators with a 3G network: provide increased capacity

for data users. No need for extra capacity in the next few years

(or easier to add capacity to existing networks)

Mobile operators with a 3G network : extend offering of wireless broadband to include fixed wireless broadband. Relationship with

RBOCs may make this difficult

New entrants, ISPs, IXCs, national carriers: facilities-based approach, offer fixed and mobile services on own infrastructrure. Significant funding required

Personal broadband

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Wireless IP multimedia subsystem (IMS)


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IMSIMS

ChargingChargingUser / Session User / Session

MgmtMgmt

Service Network

ApplicationApplicationApplicationApplication

ApplicationApplication

IMS Architecture

PSTNPSTN PLMNPLMN

TeSTelephony Telephony SoftswitchSoftswitch

Mobile Mobile SoftswitchSoftswitch

MGW MGWIP Backbone

2G/3G

BSCBSCRNCRNC

GGSN

WLAN

AN

BRAS

Fixed Broadband

AccessAccess

Connectivity

Control

Applications


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• 3GPP IMS standards define a network domain dedicated to the control and integration of multimedia services.

• IMS is defined by 3GPP from Release 5 onwards (2002).

• IMS is an Open-systems architecture that supports a range of IP-based services over both wireless and fixed access technologies.

What is IMS?

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– Imagine starting a voice call on you home phone and transferring it seamlessly to your mobile as you drive to work.

– Imagine sending a multimedia message from your car that later appears on your TV screen. Imagine watching a movie on that same TV, pausing it in mid-show and then watching it on a wireless PDA as you relax in the garden. Imagine having a cell phone conversation with two or three friends and simultaneously sharing a video of the football match you are attending.

– Imagine that all of the above can be done with a single account,on a single log-in with multiple devices over any number of access networks.

– These are only a few examples of seamless multimediaservices that IMS will allow users to access “anywhere” at “anytime”

What is IMS? User prospective


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– Imagine a network that allows operators to reduce CAPEX though shared functionality and re-use of infrastructure for multiple services.

– Imagine a network that allow Operators to reduce OPEX through simplified architecture and that same re-use of infrastructure for multiple services.

– Imagine a network that allows Operators to mix and match services to address specific market segments and enable rapid deployment of new products.

– Imagine a network that will allow operators to open up their networks to 3rd parties in order to enhance tailored services to their customers, and limit loss of customers to competitors

– Imagine a network based on open and well defined interfaces that allows operators the freedom to buy components from many competitive suppliers.

– Larger product portfolio, simpler / cheaper networks and more flexible service offerings are only some of the reasons operators are excited about IMS.

What is IMS? Provider prospective

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Imagine a radio access network that providesbroadband access to users at home , in the office , inareas under-served by wireline services and even tousers on the pause or on the move equipped withportable devices like laptops, PDAs and smartphones.

WiMAX, which is based on IEEE 802.16e, canprovide a flexible radio access solution that offer sthese features, based on an attractive full IParchitecture delivering the capacity required tosupport wireless broadband services

IMS IN 3G(R5) and 802.11e


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• One network provides multiple things

• For example:

• Watch TV and use Internet via cell phone

IMS network

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3G and WiMAX are converging towardsOFDMA, IMS and an IP core

OFDMA, IP coreMIMOIMS


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IEEE802.20Mobile-Fi

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http://www.ieee802.org/20/


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• Aims to formulate a communication standard for a packet-based air interface designed for IP-based services.

• The scope of the working group consists of the physical (PHY), medium access control (MAC), and logical link control (LLC) layers.

• The air interface will operate in bands below 3.5 G Hz and with a peak data rate of over 1 Mbit/s.

• The goals of 802.20 and 802.16e, the so-called "mobile WiMAX", are similar. A draft 802.20 specification was balloted and approved on January 18th, 2006.

Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) IEEE 802.20 (Mobile-Fi)

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• 802.20 for systems less than 3.5GHz band; • 250km/h support mobile high speed; • Spectrum efficiency than 1bit/s/Hz/cell;

• System bandwidth into 1.25MHz, and 5MHz• Support downlink peak rates respectively 1Mbps and

coverage radius of less than 15km • can provide quality wireless VoIP business.


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• 802.20 technically superior 3G obvious, but also market its products will require some time, in the short term can not shake the 3G market position.

• However, in order to compete for future market, 3GPP and 3GPP2 two ISO, were launched LTE (Long Term Evolution) and AIE (Air Interface Evolution) research projects aimed at enhancing 3G technology in broadband wireless access market competitiveness. 802.20 physical layer and in their technical and market goals very similar in future market competition is extremely fierce.

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• Licensed bands below 3.5 GHz• IP‐‐‐‐data transport• 1 Mbps• 250 Km/h• Cell size up to 15 km•Competitor to 802.16, DSL and cable modems



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802.20 Mobile Broadband Wireless Access: Mobile-Fi

• Broadband on the Run (up to 250 km/hr, 155mph)

• Standard Air Interface for Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Supporting Vehicular Mobility - Physical and Media Access Control Layer

• Still being developed

• Led by companies such as Flarion Technologies andArrayComm

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• Packet based switching fabrics can move more bits a t lower cost than TDM fabrics

• IP based control protocols can integrate media and services much more easily thanthe combination of circuit and packet technologies in use today.

• Cell Phones are complex computing platforms that s upport the rich applicationsof the future.

All 3G wireless standards groups have agreed to use the IP based signaling protocol SIP, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP), fo r voice and multi-media services.

Hybrid architectures covering Circuit and Packet si gnaling and inter-working are complex and do not provide all of the Integration b enefits.

New QoS definitions are needed for Lossy Real Time Se rvices .

Current Wireless WAN, LAN, PAN and xAN standards do not fully meet users needs.

Motives behind 802.20


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Peak data ratesHSPA 2*5MHz FDD, WiMAX 10MHz TDD

* QAM = Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ** MIMO = Multiple Input Multiple Output

5.8 Mbps7.1 Mbps

16QAM, no MIMO

HSPA today

2006 2008

11.6 Mbps16QAM, no MIMO

HSPA Rel. 7

WiMAX

Pea

kd

ata

rate

14 Mbps

32 Mbps64QAM, 2x2 MIMOHSPA today

42 Mbps64QAM*, 2x2 MIMO**

HSPA Rel. 7

WiMAX

Uplink

Downlink

Downlink

Uplink

HSPA / FDD less waste than WiMAX / TDD

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Benefits of OFDMA

• Reduced in-cell self-interference in D/L– CDMA needs an equalizer for similar gain

• Reduced in-cell self-interference in U/L– CDMA need MuD for similar gain

• Enables dynamic scheduling in both the time and frequency domain– CDMA schedules only in the time domain

• Simplifies Broadcast mode– CDMA needs an equalizer for similar gain

• Enables other-cell “interference avoidance”– Can have different re-use factors on certain tones

• Scalable Bandwidth/efficient filtering– Finer resolution than 1.25 MHz CDMAOFDMA has advantages, especially on UL

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IEEE802.21Freedom at last !


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What is 802.21

• IEEE 802.21 is being developed to facilitate smooth interactionand media independent handover between 802 technolo gies and other access technologies.

• IEEE 802.21 Membership spans over 70 members from m ore that 20 companies in over 10 Countries.

• IEEE 802.21 offers an open interface that:– provides link state event reporting in real time (E vent

Service)– provides intersystem information, automatically and on

demand (Information Service)– allows an 802.21 user to control handover (Command

Service)

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Potential R&D


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Technology hype cycle

Source: Mike Zastrocky,The Gartner Group

Positive

Hype

Technology Trigger

Peak of Inflated

Expectations

Trough of Disillusionment

Slope of Enlightenment

Plateau of Productivity

Maturity

Negative

Hype

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China• 3G licenses not yet granted• Research on beyond 3G in 863

FuTURE Project• Joint Research Center Shanghai

Korea

• Reluctant with wide-spread 3G

deployment

• WiBro (WiMAX derivative)

demonstrated as 4G, August 2006

• Research on systems beyond 3G

Japan

•3G

deployment (c dm

a2000, WC

DM

A)

•E

nhancements of 3G

•R

esearc h on systems beyond 3G

•D

oCoM

oproposal S

uper 3G

CJK – China, Japan, Korea• Cooperation on government level, one

working group on mobile communication

• Cooperation between SDOs

Dominated by global IT industry• IEEE activities in

• IEEE 802.11a, b, g, h, n• IEEE 802.15• IEEE 802.16, a, d, e• IEEE 802.20• IEEE 802.21

• Claims from start-ups and IT companies to provide 4G solutions

• Flarion (Fast Low Latency Access with Seamless Handoff and OFDM)

• Arraycomm – advanced antenna technology and SDMA

• Navini Networks – Advanced beamformingtechnology for range & coverage

• IP Wireless – TD-CDMA with IP core network• Aperto Networks – Fixed Broadband

Wireless Access vendor• Redline Communications – Fixed BWA• Airspan – Fixed BWA• Alvarion – Fixed BWA• Intel – Active in 802.16 development and its

promotion in WiMAX• Many activities are on short-range and WLAN

enhancements

Globally• ITU-R Framework Recommendation• WWRF, since 2001

North America• Geni/FIND activities on Post-IP• Research on systems beyond 3G

Europe• UMTS• UMTS enhancements• Research on systems

beyond 3G in FP6

Global Activities on Future Systems


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REMON Partners

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Consortium Mission

• Achieve leadership in critical technologies essential to next generation mobile communication

• Development of strong IPR , technological assets and know how by REMON Consortium partners

• Implementation of unique building blocks enabling substantial advantage in future market

• Achieving influencing role in 4G standardization bodies


DR

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TCluster 3

RAN

Optimization

Cluster 2

Smart MAC

& Protocols

Cluster 1

PHY &

Smart Ant SchemaCelletraCellcomRuncom

AlvarionRafaelRuncomComSys

RuncomAlvarionRafaelCelletraComSys

DEMO PHY &MIMO

MAC & NetSimulation

ScenarioSimulation

Standards Standards

Market Analysis & System SpecificationMarket Analysis & System Specification

Advanced RAN DemonstratorAdvanced RAN Demonstrator

Main R&D Clusters

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Components to Terminal & BTS

Network Simulato

r

Future Services

MobilityFor

802.16

System & User

Multimode

Platform

DSP platform

Smart MAC for Mobile

SMART MAC

Smart MAC &

Protocols

Comsys

Test Bed Cellcom

Adaptive Optimizati

onSchema

MIMOOFDMA for

MobileRuncom

Smart Ant.

Integration

Rafael

Distributed

Coverage

MIMOCelletra

Smart Ant.

Integration

OFDMAlvarion

Spectrum Optimizati

on

Smart Antenna

Advanced PHY


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• A public-private initiative with funding from govt. and industry– currently located at IITM

• Mission is to make India a global player in wireless space– Participate in international standardisation activit ies

• Visit cewit.org.in for publications, presentations– A study of Broadband Wireless Technologies– Broadband Wireless System Requirements for India– HSDPA, EVDO, WiMAX, …

Centre of Excellence in Wireless Technology (CEWiT)

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63


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WLAN-3GPP2SGSNAP GGSN

3GPP

PDGRANSTA/UE CoN

802.11

Routing Area

URA_PCH

Associated

802.11 802.21 802.21MIH

UserClient

Dissassociated

LLEVENT

MIHEVENT

MIHCOMMAND

LLEVENT

MIHEVENT

LLCOMMAND

MIHCOMMAND

LLCOMMAND

CELL_DCH

ROUTING AREA UPDATE

LLEVENTRLLEVENT

MIH

Server

3 g

Technology

source coverage

mohamed nezami

g wireless networks

wireless technologies

wireless service

generation wireless

source transmission

source wcdma umts