3. design issues for bulk carriers

8/12/2019 3. Design Issues for Bulk Carriers

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Tripartite 2009

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Design Issues forBulk Carriers

Ian Harrison

Intercargo Technical Manager


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Design Issues for Bulk Carriers

Introduction

Operational and Regulatory Challenges Design Challenges

Examples:

Cargo Residues

Excessive Loading Rates

IMSBC Code


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MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues

Definitions Cargo Residue is defined as garbage in guidelines

Cargo hold washing water not definedalthough interpreted asgarbage

Requirements Must be discharged when greater than 12 nm from shore

Cannot be discharged in a special area

Special Areas a Problem

Bulk carriers generally not design to handle washing water Adequate port reception facilities for washing water


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MARPOL Annex V (Garbage) and Cargo Residues

Recent special areas Gulfs Area became effective in August 2008

Mediterranean Area became effective May 2009

Reception Facilities in Special Areas (Gulf and Med)

PRF must be in place before special area becomes effective MEPC 59 Intercargo and BIMCO paper

Circular issued (MEPC.1/Circ. 675)

Next steps

Continuation of review of Annex V Possible IMSBC Code reference to discharge requirements?


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Design Issues

Handling hold washing water

Can be problematic

Holding tanks

Pumpslarge particles

Cargo properties

Coatings (PSPC?)

Ballast water management systems

Hold cleaning systems

Possible treatment systems


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Design Issues

Images courtesy of EMS Ship Supply


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Design Issues

Courtesy of EMS Ship Supply


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Bulk Carrier Loading Rates

Terminal requirements Buoyant market queuing optimising loading

Ponta da Madeira - Brazil

16 000 t/hr

Minimum ballast

14 hr turnaround


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Intercargo Survey

Key Findings:

85% of masters indicated that they considered such a rate of

loading to be beyond the safe operational limits of their vessel:

Manoeuvrability

Hull structure

Two thirds of respondents stated they had concerns with regard tostructural stresses if loading at such a rate.


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Validation of Masters Views

Manoeuvrability StudyBMT SeaTech Concurred with Masters opinion

ABS study

Confirmed many risks

Submission of paper to IMO MSC 84 (MSC 84/INF.8)

Referred to DSC 13

Considered by Correspondence Group reviewing BLU Code

Reports to DSC 14 next week


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Outcome of Correspondence Group

Reports to DSC 14 (DSC 14/7)

Proposes an MSC Circular providing guidance:

Time taken for loading

Arrival Condition

Loading sequence

During loading

Consequences of failure to apply BLU Code

IACS Recommendation 46


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Design Issues

De-ballasting capacity

Typically two 2000-2500 M3/hr pumps (4000-5000 M3/hr total)

Should this be increased?

Pump size

Power requirements

Piping systems (water and air)

BWM treatment systems


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Information

IACS UR S1A

Sample sequences often not realistic

Information provision should be reviewed


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IMSBC Code (formally BC Code)

Revised and updated Voluntary from Jan 2009

Mandatory from Jan 2011

New Schedules

DRI

Sulphur (formed)

DSC 14 (next week)

Coal and hot areas

DRI

Survey and certification


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Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)

What is it? Iron Ore Pellets subjected to a reducing gas in a reactor

Oxygen chemically removed

Fe content increased from ~65% to ~85%

Pellets then formedcold or hot moulded

What are the dangers?

Process is reversibleFe re-oxidises

Oxidisation releases energy as heatpossible thermal runaway

Hydrogen also liberated


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Picture courtesy of Burgoynes


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IMSBC Code: Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)

DRI (A) Briquettes, hot moulded Monitoring requirements

DRI (B) Lumps, pellets, cold-moulded briquettes

Moisture


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Design Issues

DRI an extreme example Are bulk carrier designed to carry DRI?

Do we design bulk carriers around cargoes?

Are we ready for a mandatory IMSBC Code?


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Conclusions

Operational and Regulatory Challenges Design Challenges

Design and regulatory (& rule) development needs to consider:

Operational environmentloading rates example

Cargo propertiesDRI example

Feedback from designersMARPOL Annex V example

Co-operation of all parties

Ships that are safe and fit for purpose


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Thank you

3. design issues for bulk carriers

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