3D PRINTING

Akhil Jose S7,C

Roll No:3

Overview

• Introduction to 3D printing• History of 3D Printing• General Principles• Materials & Technologies Used• Why 3D Printing?• Applications• Future Scenarios• Limitations• Conclusion• References

Introduction to 3D Printing

• It is a method of converting a virtual 3D model into a physical object.

• Three dimensional object is created by Laying down successive layers of materials.

• It’s also known as • Rapid Prototyping • Additive Manufacturing

History of 3D Printing

1984 - 86Charles Hull invents 3D printing and coins the term “Stereo Lithography”

1992First 3D printer built by 3D Systems

1999First application of 3D printing in the

medical field - creating the human bladder

General Principles

• Modeling

• Printing

• Finishing

Modeling

• 3D printing begins with creating a digital model of the object, usually using CAD software, which is later converted into a .STL file

Printing

• The 3D printer slices the .STL file into numerous digital cross-sections, and lays down successive layers of liquid, powder, or sheet material to build the model from a series of cross sections.

• These layers, which correspond to the virtual cross sections from the CAD model, are joined together or automatically fused to create the final shape.

Finishing

• :• The final 3D printed object is then cleaned to remove

overhung material and is polished, painted (if required) and made ready for use.

Materials & Technologies Used

• Materials Used• Plastics• Powder• Metals• Ceramics• Paper• Bio Material• Food• Others

Stereo lithography(SLA)

• Stereo lithography is an additive manufacturing process using a vat of liquid UV-curable photopolymer ”resin” and a UV laser to build parts a layer at a time

• 3D printing machine called a stereo lithograph apparatus (SLA), which converts liquid plastic into solid 3D objects.

• The whole process consists of consequent printing of layer by layer hence STL file that printing machine uses should have the information for each layer

• There could be up to ten layers per each millimeter•  Once all layers are printed the object needs to be rinsed with a solvent and

then placed in an ultraviolet oven to finish processing

Fused deposition modeling (FDS)

• Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology commonly used for modeling, prototyping, and production application

• 3D printers that run on FDM Technology

Build parts layer-by-layer by heating thermoplastic

material to a semi-liquid state and extruding it

via nozzle.• The nozzle lays the material down in layers

Cross section is used to create each cross section

of material moves according to computer-controlled

paths • things printed are of excellent mechanical

thermal and chemical qualities.

Selective Laser Sintering(SLS)

• Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) is a technique that uses laser as power source to fuse plastic, metal, glass, etc. to form solid 3D objects

• The main difference between SLS and SLA is that it uses powdered material in the vat instead of liquid resin as stereo lithography does.

•  use of high-powered lasers, which makes the printer to be very expensive

Selective laser melting (SLM)

• Selective laser melting (SLM) is a technique that also uses 3D CAD data as a source and forms 3D object by means of a high-power laser beam that fuses and melts metallic powders together.

• SLM process fully melts the metal material into solid 3D-dimentional

• Metals that can be used for SLM include stainless steel, titanium, cobalt chrome and aluminum

• This method of printing is widely applied to parts with complex geometries and structures with thin walls and hidden voids or channels.

• SLM projects were dedicated to aerospace application for different lightweight parts

Electronic Beam Melting (EBM)

•  While SLM uses high-power laser beam as its power source, EBM uses an electron beam instead, which is the main difference between these two methods. The rest of the processes is pretty similar.

• Comparing to SLM the process of EBM is rather slow and expensive, also the availability of materials is limited

• Currently the most well spread materials that are used for EBM are commercially pure Titanium, Inconel 718 and Inconel 625.

• The application of EBM is mainly focused on medical implants and aerospace area.

Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)

• Laminated object manufacturing (LOM) is one more rapid prototyping system.

• During the LOM process, layers of adhesive-coated paper, plastic or metal laminates are fused together using heat and pressure and then cut to shape with a computer controlled laser or knife. 

• Their devices are widely being used by artists, architects and product developers to create affordable projects from usual letter paper

• The cost of printing is low due to not expensive raw materials

Why 3D Printing

Applications

Industrial &

Prototyping

Educational

Applications

• Medical• 3D printing empowers health care• Artificial Arms for Disabled• Bionic Ears• Fashionable Plaster

• Food• In food preparation, to apply items in liquid or paste form such as cheese,

icing, and chocolate.

Applications

• Game & Entertainment

• Defence & Space

Future Scenarios

•3D printer service in the local strip mall / shopping center.

•3D printers mounted on Military Vehicles, Space Station, Oil Rigs, and deployed on the Moon/Mars.

•Large 3D printers that build buildings

•3D printers that make meals

•4D printing = self assembly

Limitations

Process is slow Components do not have enough strength. COST OF RAW MATERIALS 3-D printers are still expensive. Misuse of technology Although 3-D printers have the potential of creating many jobs and

opportunities, they might also put certain jobs at risk .

Oral….below example

(for example, you can make your toys at home so toy stores and toy makers might go out of business).

Conclusion

Relatively New Technology.

No restrictions on industry.

Significant decrease in product development cycle and costs.

Reference• http://slideshare.com• http://wikipedia.com• http://3ders.org• http://3dprintingfromscratch.com• http://livescience.com• http://3dprinterhelp.co.uk• Digit Fast Track• IEEE Computer society• IBM Market Development & Insights

“The future can not be predicted,

but it can be made !”