3 bohr rutherford
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Bohr – Rutherford Atomic Model
Objectives:4.9 To describe the simplified atomic
model currently in use (Bohr-Rutherford)
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Bohr & Rutherford combined their theories to create the current simplified atomic model
The atom is made up of three sub-atomic particles:
ProtonsElectronsNeutrons
Bohr – Rutherford Atomic Model:
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The Atom:
Sub-Atomic Particle
Charge Mass Location
Proton
Electron
Neutron
+
-
none
1 amu
negligible
1 amu
nucleus
outside nucleus
nucleus
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education.jlab.org/ qa/atom_model.html
The Atom:
nucleus
electron neutron
proton
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Nucleus: Contains protons & neutrons Overall positive charge (+) Contains nearly all mass (dense)
Electrons: Located outside
nucleus Easily moved, lost
or gained Negative charge (-)
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Every atom has a symbol & two numbers associated with it.
Ex.
The Atom – Important Info:
C12
6
Atomic Mass
Atomic Number
•The mass of an atom
•The bigger number
•The number of protons & neutrons
•The number of protons•The smaller number
Since atoms are neutral, the number of protons (+)
equals the number of electrons (-)
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For the following atom, state the…
i) atomic mass
ii) atomic number
iii) # of protons
iv) # of electrons
v) # of neutrons
O16
8
16
8
8
8
16 – 8 = 8
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For the following atom, state the…
i) atomic mass
ii) atomic number
iii) # of protons
iv) # of electrons
v) # of neutrons
Na23
11
23
11
11
11
23 – 11 = 12
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For the following atom, state the…
i) atomic mass
ii) atomic number
iii) # of protons
iv) # of electrons
v) # of neutrons
Ar40
18
40
18
18
18
40 – 18 = 22
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Cu64
29
64
29
29
29
64 – 29 = 35
For the following atom, state the…
i) atomic mass
ii) atomic number
iii) # of protons
iv) # of electrons
v) # of neutrons
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For the following atom, which statement is TRUE?
P 31
15A) The atomic number is 31.
B) The atom has 15 neutrons.
C) The atom has 16 electrons.
D) The atom has 15 protons & 15 electrons.
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Given a neutral atom, which statement is TRUE?
A) An atom always has the same number of electrons as neutrons.
B) Electrons & neutrons are found in the nucleus.
C) The atomic number states the number of neutrons.
D) An atom always has the same number of electrons as neutrons.
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Atoms are made up of: Protons Electrons Neutrons
Protons & Neutrons are located in the nucleus
Electrons are located outside the nucleus
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An atom’s atomic number is equal to the number of protons (smaller number)
An atom is neutral, therefore the number of protons & electrons are equal
An atom’s atomic mass is equal to the protons & neutrons together (bigger number)
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Activities:
Physical Science Worksheet #7
Once you’ve completed the
worksheet, continue with the rest of the
lesson
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Recall, in the Bohr-Rutherford atomic model, electrons are located outside the nucleus
Electrons are organized into:
Electron shells or Energy levels orOrbitals
Electrons:
Be familiar with all the terms, especially the
first two
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Each electron shell differs in size & the number of electrons it can hold (capacity)
Electrons:
Electron Shell
Capacity
1st 2 electrons
2nd 8 electrons
3rd 8 electrons*
4th 2 electrons*
Shows maximum # of electrons in
each shell
Shells can be partially filled or empty
*Simplified – 3rd shell holds 18 electrons4th shell holds 32 electrons
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Is a picture of an atom, showing its protons, electrons & neutrons.
Ex.
Bohr – Rutherford Diagram:
Protons =
Electrons=
Neutrons=
3
3
4
3 P+
4 N0 2 e- 1 e-
Li7
3
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Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for:
Protons =
Electrons=
Neutrons=
9
9
10
9 P+
10 N0 2 e- 7 e-
F19
9
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Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for:
Protons =
Electrons=
Neutrons=
5
5
6
5 P+
6 N0 2 e- 3 e-
B11
5
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Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for:
Protons =
Electrons=
Neutrons=
12
12
12
12 P+
12 N0 2 e- 8 e-
Mg24
12
2 e-
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Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for:
Protons =
Electrons=
Neutrons=
19
19
20
19 P+
20 N0 2 e- 8 e-
K39
19
8 e- 1 e-
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Be 9 4
Which of the following diagrams best represents the Bohr-Rutherford model of…
A)
4 P+
5 N0 2 e-3 e-
B)5 P+
4 N0 2 e- 2 e-
C)4 P+
5 N02 e- 2 e-
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Draw a Bohr-Rutherford diagram for each of the following atoms:
P31
15 N
14
7
Al27
13
15 P+
16 N0
2 e-
8 e-
5 e-
7 P+
7 N02 e-
5 e- 13 P+
14 N02 e-
8 e-
3 e-
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Electrons are located outside the nucleus in electron shells
In the… 1st shell – 2 electrons 2nd shell – 8 electrons 3rd shell – 8 electrons* 4th shell – 2 electrons*
In Bohr-Rutherford diagrams: Place Protons & Neutrons in nucleus Place Electrons in appropriate shells
Find the number of Protons,
Electrons & Neutrons
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Activities:
Physical Science Worksheet #8
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References
Student Study Guide – Physical Science 416/436 - MEQ
Science Quest – Grenier, Daigle, Rheaume – 1998, Cheneliere
Google Images Animation Factory